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Language For Embedded systemLanguage For Embedded system

V.Ranjeeth M.Ranjitha

N.V.Ramanarayanan F.B.Shalini

Presented By

2What is Embedded System?

An Embedded system is a combination of computer hardware and software. As with any electronic system, this system requires a hardware platform and that is built with a microprocessor or microcontroller.

The Embedded system hardware includes elements like user interface, Input/output interfaces, display and memory, etc.

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Embedded System

Embedded programming languages

On an embedded system, resources -- memory and CPU power -- are limited. By comparison, with desktop systems, it is commonly assumed that they have no limits.

Embedded systems are commonly real-time. The number of operating systems in use on desktop computers

is quite small. There are numerous options for embedded systems, including "bare metal" (i.e., no operating system at all).

To the first approximation, the hardware of all PCs is identical. By comparison, every embedded system is different, so programming close to the hardware is more common.

In many ways, programming an embedded system is not too dissimilar to coding for a desktop computer, but there are some key differences:

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Embedded systems can be classified into different types based on performance, functional requirements and performance of the microcontroller.

Types of Embedded System

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This type of embedded system may be component of large system in which it is embedded, such a component called embedded system.

The connection can be any wired or wireless. This type of embedded system is the fastest growing area in embedded

system applications. The embedded web server is a type of system wherein all embedded

devices are connected to a web server and accessed and controlled by a web browser.

Example: Auto mobiles, vehicle model and controller design.

Real Time Embedded Systems

6Real-time Programming Languages

Components of large systems Assembly languages Sequential systems implementation languages — e.g. RTL/2, Coral 66,

Jovial, C. Normally require operating system support. High-level concurrent languages. Impetus from the software crisis. e.g.

Ada, Chill, Modula-2, Mesa, Java.

We will consider: Java/Real-Time Java C and Real-Time POSIX Ada 95 Also Modula-1 for device driving

7Real-Time Languages and OS’s

Hardware

Operating

System

User Programs

Hardware

Including Operating

System Components

User Program

Typical Embedded ConfigurationTypical OS Configuration

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Stand alone embedded systems do not require a host system like a

computer, it works by itself.  It takes the input from the input ports either analog or digital and

processes, calculates and converts the data and gives the resulting data through the connected device-Which either controls, drives and displays the connected devices.

Examples for the stand alone embedded systems are mp3 players, digital cameras, video game consoles, microwave ovens and temperature measurement systems.

Stand Alone Embedded Systems

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Languages used in:Java :

It provides a technique known as “native methods", where c/c++ or assembly code can be called directly from java to manipulate the hardware registers and memory directly using pointers.

This can sometimes be useful in embedded systems.

Stand Alone Embedded Systems

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These types of embedded systems are related to a network to access the resources.

The connected network can be LAN, WAN or the internet. The connection can be any wired or wireless. This type of embedded system is the fastest growing area in

embedded system applications. Example for the LAN networked embedded system is a home

security system wherein all sensors are connected and run on the protocol TCP/IP 

Networked Embedded System

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Languages used in:nesC Networked embedded system is a sensor network, which consists of

(potentially) thousands of tiny, low-power 'motes,' each of which execute concurrent, reactive programs that must operate with severe memory and power constraints.

Networked Embedded System

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Mobile embedded systems are used in portable embedded devices like cell phones, mobiles, digital cameras, mp3 players and personal digital assistants, etc.

The basic limitation of these devices is the other resources and limitation of memory.

Mobile Embedded systems

13Mobile Embedded systems

Smart-phones contain several embedded systems, like the modem core and the single-chip WiFi+BT+GPS solutions.

Smart phones usually have custom-purpose hardware and software for a specific task (i.e. making phone calls and accessing the cellular data network) which technically makes them embedded systems.

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These types of embedded systems are designed with a single 8 or 16 bit microcontroller, that  may even be activated by a battery.

For developing embedded software for small scale embedded systems, the main programming tools are an editor, assembler,  cross assembler and integrated development environment (IDE).

Small Scale Embedded System

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Language Used In Small- Scale Embedded Systems:

 µITRON 

ITRON is a Japanese open standard for a real-time operating system (RTOS).

This project aims to standardize the RTOS and related specifications for embedded systems, particularly small-scale embedded systems.

Small Scale Embedded System

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These types of embedded systems design with a single or 16 or 32 bit microcontroller, RISCs or DSPs.

These types of embedded systems have both hardware and software complexities.

For developing embedded software for medium scale embedded systems, the main programming tools are C, C++, JAVA, Visual C++, RTOS, debugger, source code engineering tool, simulator and IDE.

Median Scale Embedded Systems

17Median Scale Embedded Systems

Examples: Computer networking systems for example : routers, front end

processor in a server ,etc. Entertainment systems such as video game and a music systems. Signal tracking systems such as automatic signal tracking and target

tracking. Communication systems such as mobile communication SIM card,

cellular phone, a cable TV terminal, etc. Image filtering, image processing, pattern recognizer, speech

processing and video processing.

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These types of embedded systems have enormous hardware and software complexities, that may need ASIPs, IPs, PLAs, scalable or configurable processors.

They are used for cutting-edge applications that need hardware and software Co-design and  components which have to assemble  in the final system.

Sophisticated Embedded Systems

Sophisticated Embedded Systems

Examples: Multimedia processing systems. Wireless LAN and convergent technology devices. Interface and networking systems using high speed and ultra

high speed and large band width. System for space life boats(under development by NASA).

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Reliability: R(t) = probability of system working correctly provided that is was working at t=0

Maintainability: M(d) = probability of system working correctly d time units after error occurred.

Availability: probability of system working at time t Safety: no harm to be caused Security: confidential and authentic communication

Characteristics Of Embedded Systems (1)

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Efficiency: Energy efficient Code-size efficient (especially for systems on a chip) Run-time efficient Weight efficient Cost efficient

Characteristics Of Embedded Systems (2)

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Many ES must meet real-time constraints: A real-time system must react to stimuli from the controlled object

(or the operator) within the time interval dictated by the environment. For real-time systems, right answers arriving too late (or even too

early) are wrong. All other time-constraints are called soft. A guaranteed system response has to be explained without

statistical arguments.

Characteristics Of Embedded Systems (3)

23Characteristics Of Embedded Systems (4)

Frequently connected to physical environment through sensors and actuators

Hybrid systems (analog + digital parts). Behavior depends on input and current state.

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Embedded systems are used in different applications like

automobiles telecommunicationssmart cards missilessatellites computer networking digital consumer electronics.

Applications of Embedded Systems

25Conclusion

Embedded systems are application-specific computers that interact with the physical world.

Each has a diverse set of tasks to perform, and although a very flexible language might be able to handle all of them, instead a variety of problem-domain-specific languages have evolved that are easier to write, analyze, and compile.

26References

http://www.efxkits.us/classification-of-embedded-systems/

http://www.slideshare.net/yayavaram/unit-1-embedded-systems-and-applications

https://sing.stanford.edu/site/publications/3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_system

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Thank you…