SDCCL PUBLIC SCHOOLSDCCL PUBLIC SCHOOL

PHYSICS PROJECTPHYSICS PROJECT•Topic: Laser Security Alarm System.•Submitted To : Shweta Mishra.•Submitted By : Vishwa Rana.•Class : 12th- A.•Roll No. : 14.•Date of Submitted :

certificatecertificateThis is to certify that Miss Vishwa Rana of class 12th-A

has successfully completed this physics project entitled " Laser Security Alarm System " under my guidance and supervision in the academic year 2015-2016,Miss Shweta Mishra.

School stamp.

Principal signature Teacher Signature

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all , I heartily thank my physics Teacher , Miss Shweta Mishra for her incomparable efforts, support and constant cooperation indeed towards me in the completion of this project.He has also been the vital source of encouragement for me through the working of this project. Finally I would also grateful to my friends and parents who devoted their auspicious time in completion of this project.

Thank You Vishwa Rana.

PREFACEPREFACE"My project provides complete information on the

topic"Laser Security Alarm System " and maximum efforts have been taken to make the project more comprehensive and lucid to understand. My project covers a variety of sub topics like It's working, setup, uses in life and different aspects of Laser Security Alarm System . One may notice a perceptible change in written in an easy dialogue style engaging the readers constantly and included with more informatics comments. I assure you to go through this project thoroughly to know a bit more and facts about Laser Security Alarm System .

INDEXINDEX • Introduction.• Components / Materisl Required.• Circuit Diagram.• Experimental Setup.• Working.• Uses Of Laser Security Alarm System

.• Advantages Of Laser Security Alarm

System .• Conclusion.

Components / Material Components / Material Required.Required.

1)1)BreadboardBreadboard:: A breadboard also known as protoboard is a type of solderless electronic circuit building.You can build a electronic circuit on a breadboard

without any soldering ! Best of all it is reusable.

2)LDR:2)LDR: A photoresistor or light-dependent resistor (LDR) or photocell is a light-controlled variable resistor. The resistance of a photoresistor decreases with

increasing incident light intensity; in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity

4) NPN Transistor4) NPN Transistor : NPN is one of the two types of bipolar transistors, consisting of a layer of P-doped semiconductor (the "base") between two N-

doped layers. A small current entering the base is amplified to produce a large collector and emitter current.

3)Resistor3)Resistor :A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical current in an electronic circuit. Resistors can also be used to

provide a specific voltage for an active device such as a transistor.

5)Laser Pointer5)Laser Pointer:: A laser pointer or laser pen is a small handheld device with a power source (usually a battery) and a laser diode emitting a very narrow coherent low-powered laser beam of visible light, intended to be used to

highlight something of interest by illuminating it with a small bright spot of colored light.

6)LED6)LED : : A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits visible light when an electric current passes through it.

7) Battery7) Battery : :A container consisting of one or more cells, in which chemical energy is converted into electricity and used as a source of power.

8) Wire8) Wire : : Metal drawn out into the form of a thin flexible thread or rod. That connects different components in a circuit .

99)Buzzer)Buzzer : An electrical device that makes a buzzing noise and is used for signalling.

10)Battery Clip:10)Battery Clip: It is the thing with two studs on it, it provides an electrical connection to the battery.

11)11)CAPACITOR :CAPACITOR : A device used to store an electric charge, consisting of one or more pairs of conductors separated by an insulator.

IINTRODUCTIONNTRODUCTIONSecurity is a most important factor today.Technology develops day by

day in the world.The crime gang also improves their technology toperform their operation.

So technology of securityshould be modern with time to protect the crime works.We decide to make a security project as our project.

Inthis project we have used laser light to cover a large area.

We know laser light goes through long distancewithout scattering effect. It’s also visible only at sourceand incident point, otherwise invisible.

These two properties help us to build up a modern security system,which may name as “laser security”.

When any personor object crossover the laser line the security alarm willringing and also the focus light will “on” to focus the

entrance of unauthorized person. We can make asecurity boundary of single laser light by using mirror at every corner for reflection.

Circuit DiagramCircuit Diagram

Experimental SetupExperimental Setup1) Connect a photocell to a 5K resistor. This will pick up the laser

light and enable the alarm.

2) Use a 2N7000 transistor to link the resistor, a 1uF 63v capacitor, a 5v siren and a 9v battery clip. The attached

schematic should demonstrate how the parts come together. Use an breadboard to hold them in place and make sure the board is small enough to fit into a project box. Do not connect

the battery yet.

3) Use tape, glue, or strips of velcro to mount the two project boxes on either side of the door you wish to protect.

4) Connect a 9v battery to the first project box and replace it in the exact position is was in.

5) Turn the laser on with the toggle switch and make sure it lines up perfectly with the photo cell. The alarm is now activated. If

anything breaks the beam, the siren will go off.

WorkingWorking1) This circuit is based on LDR (Light Depended Resistor), a variable resistor in which

the resistance varies according to the light intensity falling on it.2) The LDR and resistor R1 forms a potential divider network, which is the main part

of our security alarm circuit.3) We have already discussed about how transistor acts as a switch, the same

principle is used here.4) The voltage drop across the LDR is used to drive the transistor switch. When the

voltage drop is above cut in voltage (0.6V), the transistor is turned ON.5) LDR has low resistance (mΩ range) in the presence of light and high resistance

(MΩ range) in the absence of light.6) In our security alarm, a LASER light is allowed to fall on the LDR continuously using

3 mirrors (see the project arrangement figure).7) Light from other sources should not be allowed to fall on the LDR, so place the LDR

in a box with a single hole to pass LASER.8) In this situation, the resistance offered by LDR is too low, since the LASER light is

continuously allowed to fall on the LDR surface.9) Thus the voltage drop across the LDR is also low [V=IR (Ohm’s law)] which is

insufficient to turn ON the transistor, so the transistor remains in OFF state.10) When a person (eg: thief) makes a block to the continuous flow of LASER beam,

then the light falling on the LDR gets blocked. Thus its resistance increases to a high value in the order of MΩ range (According to Ohm’s law V=IR).

11) While resistance increases the voltage drop also increases, when this voltage drop exceeds the cut in voltage of the silicon NPN transistor (2N7000), it will turn

ON.12) Then current from Vcc starts flowing to ground via the buzzer and transistor,

which makes the beep sound.13) The beep sound from the security alarm gives the indication of some security

failures.

Uses Of Laser Security Alarm System

1) Laser Security System Locks Working1) Laser Security System Locks Working : Laser door alarm is based on the interruption of Laser beam. The laser pointer is used as

the source of light beam.• If somebody tries to break the laser path, then an alarm will be

generated in a few seconds. Normally laser door alarm circuit will have two sections.

• First one, laser transmitter is a laser pointer readily available. This is powered with 3 volt DC supply and fixed on one side of the door frame. • The receiver will have a Photo transistor at the front end. We use

2N7000 NPN Darlington photo transistor as a laser sensor.• Here IC1 is used as a voltage comparator with its inverting input tied to

a potential divider R2-R3. We use the inverting input to keep at half supply voltage.

2) Laser System2) Laser System : Laser technology products will calculate distance by measuring the time of flight of very short pulses of infrared light. It

is different from the traditional surveying instrument method of measuring phase shifts by comparing the incoming wavelength with

the phase of the outgoing light pulse.• Solid objects will reflect back a certain percentage of the emitted light

energy. It only needs to be a small percentage for our sensitive detector to pick it. We can measure the time it takes for a laser pulse

to travel to the target and back with a reflection. By knowing the constant speed of light we can calculate the distance traveled. It

calculate accurate area of house and protects it from thiefs .

3) Theft Detection by Laser Sytem3) Theft Detection by Laser Sytem : It can be designed as a simple electronic project for demonstration in science exhibitions. It can also be

made as a mini or major project for electrical or electronic students. • When making this laser security system one can know all about laser beams and their installation. While preparing a laser security system, we

need to concentrate on the microcontroller program and installed with the laser beam device.

• When using traditional photo resistors for preparing security systems one has to consider the natural light phenomena. Laser are strong in beam

width and can be focused on the perfect target.

• By using laser security system one can be safe in the case of harmful effects

to the body. As the beam width used in The laser security systems are not strong

beam widths. Which are used in the cutting devices.

4)Other Uses Of Laser Security Systems4)Other Uses Of Laser Security Systems : The Laser security systems are high tech innovations that have gained popularity in

home and office security systems. These are used to be expensive solutions for security needs. Depending on cost and fast technological

advancements laser security systems becoming more adoptable.

ConclusionConclusion • Home security is rapidly growing field and there are new &

improved burglar alarms popping up everyday.• With rapid advancement of technology the filled is turning

out to be an area full of scope and new changes can be made to make it’s more efficient.

• It has years to come, because security is of prime importance to one and all.

ThankThank youyou