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Course material at Leadership Class. Universitas Paramadina. Contact me via twitter @tedy_js to download the file
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LeadershipThe everyone’s business
1. Lussie, Robert N., Christopher F. Achuan.2010. Leadership: Theory, Application and Skill Development. 4ed. South – Western Cengage Learning.
2. Hughes, Richard L., Robert C. Ginnett, Gordon J. Curphy, Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience. 6th ed. McGraw-Hill.
Session #1
Students should be able to describe the leadership
1. Definition of Leadership
2. Manager – Leader
3. Analysis Level of Leadership
4. Leadership Theory Paradigm
Lets Having Fun
Games
Sebuah perahu tenggelam. Ada 10 penumpang yang sekarang berusaha menyelematkan diri. Empat orang orang sudah berada di perahu sekoci. 6 orang masih mengapung di air.
Ada waktu 10 menit untuk orang-orang yang di perahu untuk menyelamatkan yang lainnya. Adapaun hambatan yang dihadapai adalah sbb:
1. Waktu 10 menit
2. Penolong hanya bisa membawa satu orang sekali jalan
3. Perahu sekoci hanya muat 8 orang
4. Di perahu ada seorang dokter ahli bedah jantung yang sangat terkenal, seorang ibu hamil, seorang kakek yang sangat kaya, dua orang tua salah satu yang selamat, dan satu orang mahasiswa
Choose Your Leaders
What is leadership?
Leadership
• The process by which an agent induces a subordinate to behave in a desired manner
• Directing and coordinating the work of group members
• An interpersonal relation in which others comply because they want to, not because the have to
• The process of influencing an organized group toward accomplishing its goals
• Action that focus resources to create desirable opportunities
• The leader’s job is to create conditions for the team to be effective
• The ends of leadership involve getting results through others, and the means of leadership involve the ability to build cohesive, goal-oriented teams. Good leaders are those who build teams to get results across a variety of situations
• Leadership represents a complex form of social problem solving
Leadership is Both a Science and an Art
Leadership is Both Rational and Emotional
Leadership and Management
Leadership and Followership
Key Elements of Leadership
Influence
PeopleChange
Leaders–Followers Organizational ObjectivesLeadership
Leadership Managerial Roles
Managers Leaders
Administer Innovate
Maintain Develop
Control Inspire
Short-term View Long-term View
How and When? What and Why?
Imitate Originate
Accept the status quo Challenge
Discussion Question #2
Are you interested in sharing leadership, or do you prefer to be a follower?
Functions Performed by Managers
• Planning• Organizing• Leading• Thus, leadership is a part of every manager’s job• Controlling
All managers perform four major functions:
Are All Leaders Managers?
• Manager = formal title and authority
• Leader = person (manager or non-manager) with influence
• Follower = person influenced by a leader
• Is the process of a leader communicating ideas, gaining acceptance of them, and motivating followers to support and implement the ideas through change
• It is the essence of leadership
• Managers may influence through coercion
• Leaders influence by gaining followers’ commitment and enthusiasm
Influence
1. Figurehead2. Leader3. Liaison
4. Monitor5. Disseminator6. Spokesperson
7. Entrepreneur8. Disturbance-handler9. Resource-allocator10. Negotiator
Leadership Managerial Roles
Interpersonal
Informational
Decisional
Levels of Analysis of Leadership Theory
Levels of Analysis of Leadership Theory
Individual
Group
Organizational
Levels
Of
Leadership
Analysis
• Focuses on the individual leader and the relationship with individual followers
• Called the “dyadic process”
• Reciprocal influence
Individual Level
Group Level
• Focuses on the relationship between the individual leader and the collective group of followers
• Called the “group process”
• How the leader contributes to group effectiveness
• An important part is meetings
Organizational Level
• Focuses on how top management influences organizational performance
• Called the “organizational process”
• Deals with organizational adaptability and transformation
Interrelationships among the Levels of Analysis
• Group and organizational performance are based on individual performance– If individual performance is low, then group and
organizational performance will be low as well
• Organizational performance is also based on group performance– If groups are not effective, organizational
performance will be low
• Both group and organizational performance also affect the performance of the individual– If both the group members and the group are
highly motivated and productive, chances are the individual will be productive as well
Leadership Theory Paradigm
Leadership Theories
• Are explanations of some aspects of leadership
• Have practical value because they are used to better understand, predict, and control successful leadership
Leadership Paradigm
• Is a shared mindset that represents a fundamental way of thinking about, perceiving, studying, researching, and understanding leadership
• Has changed over the last 60 years during which it has been studied
Behavioral Integrative
Trait Contingency
The four leadership theory classifications include:
Leadership Theory Classifications
• Attempt to explain distinctive characteristics accounting for leadership effectiveness to identify a set of physical and psychological traits that all successful leaders possess
Leadership Trait Theories
High energy level
Appearance
Aggressiveness
Persuasiveness
Dominance
Self-reliance
• Attempt to explain distinctive styles used by effective leaders, or to define the nature of their work
• What the leader actually does on the job (behavior)
Behavioral Leadership Theories
• Attempt to explain the appropriate leadership style based on the leader, followers, and situation
• Are called “universal theories”
• Try to predict which traits and/or behaviors will result in leadership success given the situational variables
Contingency Leadership Theories
• Attempt to combine the trait, behavioral, and contingency theories to explain successful, influencing leader–follower relationships
Integrative Leadership Theories
Discussion Question
Some people say the hard skills (finance, quantitative analysis) are more important for managers than soft skills (developing relationships, leadership), and some say the opposite is true. What do you think?
Requirement for Leadership Skills
Managerial/leadership
technical
core
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