VBA macros training

Learn Advance Excel Training in Delhi & VBA Training from

Investment Banking Institute

Contact us at www.ibinstitute.in

After the course, you will be able to:

• Record / Run Macros

• Write Code Manually

• Perform Loops, Controls and decision making

• Create UDF Functions

• Protecting macros

• Use Events

Learning Macros• Why VBA Macros – An Introduction

• Where we write macros – Introduction to VB Editor

• Recording Macros

• Personal Macro workbook

• Declaring Variables

• Interactive Macros - Msgbox / Inputbox

• Decision Making (If, Else)

• Looping (Do Loop, For Loop)

Why VBA Macros ?• VBA is "Visual Basic for Application“.

• It is a programming language that allows users to program macros to accomplish complex tasks within an application like Excel, Word, Power Point, Access, etc.

• With VBA for Excel you can develop small procedures (macros) that will make your professional life easier and allow you to do more in less time.

• With VBA for Excel you can develop a program that does EXACTLY what you need and VBA is easy to learn.

• Programming background is useful but not mandatory to learn macros.

Where we write macros ?

• VBA macros are written into Visual Basic editor• Developer Visual Basic OR [ ALT + F11 ]

• Insert a Module in the editor to write the code• InsertModule

• All VBA procedures (macros) start with Sub & end with End Sub

• You can run the code by pressing F5 or clicking the Run symbol on the toolbar

Recording Macros• Excel provides Macro Recorder as the most user friendly tool.

• It is very useful to see what properties and methods belong to various objects. You can then use this as the basis for building your own code.

• When you record a macro, a module is created and the code is written into it.

• You can view this code and see exactly how Excel has tackled the problem in VBA. You can modify this code or use it in other procedures.

• You should not assume that a recorded macro will work under every circumstance.

How to record a macro?

• Tools Macro Record new macro

• You can give the macro another name and a shortcut key if needed

• Click OK and a small Stop Recording window appears.

• Until you click the Stop Recording button, everything that you do on the spreadsheet is translated into VBA code using the Excel object model

• Look in the code window by pressing Alt-F11, and you will find that a new module has been inserted that contains the code for the macro you recorded

How to create variables in VBA?

• Whenever you want to use a variable, you must create them first. This is your way of telling computer to set aside some memory units so that your variable can be used.

• In Excel VBA, you can do this by the DIM statement.• Examples :

Dim someNumber As IntegerDim bigNumber As LongDim otherNumber As DoubleDim someText As String

Decisions• Programs usually have to make decisions according to data

retrieved or input by the user.

• It specifies what will happen when different events occur.

• We use If-then-end if & Select Case to implement decisions

• ExamplesWhen there is only one condition and one action, you will use the simple statement:

If Application.ActiveCell = 5 ThenMsgBox "Cell is 5"

ElseMsgBox "Cell is not 5"

End If

Looping• Looping allows a block of code to be repeated until a condition or a

specified value is met.• Without looping facilities, programs would be extremely tedious and

difficult to maintain.• We use For next ,For each, Do Until, While wend etc. to reduce the code &

make it simple• Example • You wanted to display the numbers from 1 to 5. You could write the program as

follows:MsgBox "1"MsgBox "2"Msgbox "3"Msgbox "4"MsgBox "5"

This code can be reduced and made easier to maintain by using the For..Next looping statement as follows:

For n = 1 to 5MsgBox n

Next n

Early Exit of Loops • Under some circumstances, you may want your procedure to exit a

loop early before it has worked all the way through and satisfied its criteria.

• You exit a loop by using an Exit For statement in a For..Next loop or a For Each loop

• Here is an example:• Sub test_exit()

For x = 1 To 100If x = 50 Then

Exit ForEnd If

Next xMsgBox x

End Sub

The Excel Object Model• In Excel, the whole application is oriented toward a structure of

workbooks and spreadsheets, so the object model is written around this.

• The objects are arranged in a hierarchy.

• The Excel object model contains a large number of objects—for example Workbooks, Worksheets, Ranges, Shapes & Charts

• Under the Application object is the Workbook object, and within the Workbook object are Worksheet objects. Within each Worksheet object are Range objects, and so on.

The Excel Object Model

Excel beyond Microsoft

The Application object• Whenever you want Excel to do something or you want to change a property of Excel,

you will use the object Application.

• Examples• CutCopyMode

After each Copy/Paste operation, you should empty the clipboard with the following line of code to make sure that the computer memory doesn't overload.

ActiveSheet.PasteApplication.CutCopyMode=False

• DisplayAlertsWhen you don't want Excel to ask you things like "A file already exists....." or "Do you want to save this file..." you will use the following line of code at the beginning of your VBA procedure.

Application.DisplayAlerts = FalseThen at the endApplication.DisplayAlerts = True

• ScreenUpdatingWhen you don't want to see your screen follow the actions of your VBA procedure, you start and end your code with the following sentences:

Application.ScreenUpdating = FalseApplication.ScreenUpdating = True

The Workbook object • The Workbook object represents an entire workbook loaded into Excel.

• Activeworkbook represents the workbook in the active window (the window on top)

• Examples• To Open a Workbook

• Workbooks. open “C:\Test.xls”

• To activate the Sheet3 of workbook book1• Workbooks("book1").Worksheets("Sheet3").Activate

• To save the workbook• Workbooks("book1").Save• Activeworkbook.save

• To print the active sheet of workbook• Workbooks("book1").PrintOut

• To close the workbook• Workbooks("book1").Close • Activeworkbook.close

Exercise Pre-work : Create a blank excel file in C drive with the name Income.xlsx

Tasks :1. Open a workbook2. Copy Incomestatement from current workbook3. Paste Incomestatement in first sheet worksheet of Income.xlsx4. Save workbook5. Close workbook

The Worksheet object• This object represents the actual worksheet that you work on.

• In the hierarchy of the Excel object model, it sits below the Workbook object because all Worksheets are part of a Workbook.

• Examples• To add a worksheet

• Worksheets.add

• To change the tab color of the sheet• Worksheets("Sheet1").tab.color = vbGreen

• To rename a worksheet• Worksheets("Sheet1").Name = "Balance"

• To select a worksheet Worksheets("Balance").Activate

• To hide or unhide a worksheet• Worksheets("Sheet1").Visible= True

Worksheets("Sheet1").Visible= False

• To delete a sheet• Worksheets("Sheet1").delete

Exercise

Tasks :1. Add a new sheet 2. Name the sheet as income statement 3. Copy the income statement from previous sheet to new sheet 4. Change the tab color to green 5. Hide the previous sheet

The Range object• This object communicates with a range of cells or individual cells and makes

changes in them.

• Examples:• To select a range of cells in code

• Range(“F19:G20").Select

• To change the background color of the cell• Range(“A1").Interior.color = vbRed

• To clear the contents of the range of cells • Range(“A3:D12").ClearContents

• To copy and paste the data in range• Range(" F19:G20").Copy

Range(" H21").PasteSpecial

• To write data into a spreadsheet • Range(“F26").Value = 10

• To merge the cells• Range(“F26:H26”).merge

Famous ranges and cells• IM21 The legal drinking age cell• AK47 The assault weapon cell• AH:HA The discovery range• AM:FM The radio range• BY:BY The farewell range• IQ100 The average intelligence cell • HO:HO The Santa Claus range • GO2 The destination cell• EX2 The second former spouse cell• AC:DC The electric range• I1:U1 The tied game cell

Exercise

Tasks :1. Copy and paste the income st. to different range in the same sheet2. Color the header of the Income statement in red color3. Color the particulars in green color4. Merge the cells on the top5. Add the title INCOME STATEMENT6. Color the negative values in red color

User defined functions A User defined function (or UDF)

- A function accepts some inputs and returns a result- It can only return a value to the cell when it is called - It must not modify the contents or formatting of any cell

Example :Function Area(Length As Double, Width As Double)

Area = Length * Width End Function

Exercise :Create a function to calculate tax by taking income and investment as input and return tax payable as outputInputs : Income , InvestmentOutput : Tax Payable

Error Handling in VBA• VBA tells you when the code is wrong but what if the logic is wrong or what if

the user gives a wrong answer. We have two methods to handle these errors

Method 1 (When you want VBA to do something if there is an error)

• The first thing you create is an address where VBA will jump if there is an error. In this example the address is addJump with the NOT OPTIONAL colon at the end. Below addJump is what is supposed to happen of there is an error and above is the procedure that should run if there are no errors.

• ExampleSub proTestErrorHandler() On Error GoTo addJump

Workbooks.Open "xxxxxx" Exit Sub addJump:

MsgBox "An error has occurred, call Peter at 1 514-257-0734" End Sub

Error Handling in VBAMethod 2 (When you want VBA to do nothing & continue with rest of the code)

• If you just want errors to be ignore you write On Error Resume Next at the beginning of the procedure. Copy/Paste the following procedure in a module of your own and run it. It will generate a message box saying An error has occurred but we have ignored it.

• Example

Sub proTestErrorHandlerIgnore() On Error Resume Next Workbooks.Open "xxxxxx" MsgBox "An error has occurred but we have ignored it." End Sub

VBA Code General Tips• Do not hesitate to use the Macro recorder to avoid typos.

• Write your code in lower case letters. If the spelling is right, VBE will capitalize the necessary letters. If it doesn't.... check your spelling.

• Declare all your variables (Dim) at the beginning of the procedure, it will simplify the testing of your code.

• You can insert a comment using “ ‘ “ in the comment. It will convert text of the comment in green color

• Example : ‘This is a comment

Nine tips to learn VBA#1 Think Thru before Coding#2 Use the Macro Recorder#3 Break Your Work in to Smaller Chunks#4 Take up Challenges#5 Reuse code : Search Google for available codes #6 Keep a Good Reference Handy#7 Use VBA only when you need it#8 Join Excel forums and ask queries#9 Use F1 for quick VBA help

Pivot Tables• It sums up large amount of information in a small amount of

space

• PivotTables allow you to pivot data using drag-and-drop techniques and receive results immediately.

• You can rotate rows & columns to view the data in an interactive way.

• You can link to external data sources

• It helps in organizing, analyzing & comparing data

• Example Microsoft Office

Excel 97-2003 Worksheet

Memory GameMacro Pivot table clearcontents

VBA For Loop Add

Inputbox Do Loop Value

Msgbox If condition Double

Dim Macro Recorder Font.color

Long Function Tab.color

Integer Sub Stop recording

String Variables Discussexcel.com

The object model Personal macro workbook User defined function

Workbooks Worksheets events

Range Active cell Visible

VB Editor This workbook Activate

Module Merge Alt+F11

Protection Interior.color Alt+F8

Resources1. www.discussexcel.com

2. http://groups.google.com/group/excel-macros

3. www.ozgrid.com

4. www.cpearson.com

5. www.chandoo.org

6. www.exceluser.com

QUERIES ?