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This is an introduction to learning in a high school introductory psychology class. It references classical, operant, and social/observational learning.
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LEARNING
LEARNING can be defined as a vehicle to promote
adaptation through experience.
What experiences do we have in life that promote adaptation?
Ways of Learning
•Classical Conditioning•Operant Conditioning•Cognitive Factors
Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
A simple form of learning in which one stimulus calls for the response that is usually called forth by another stimulus.
Classical Conditioning
Important Components:• US – Unconditioned Stimulus: A stimulus that
causes an automatic response• UR – Unconditioned Response: The automatic
response to the US• CR – Conditioned Response: A learned
response to a stimulus that was previously neutral• CS – Conditioned Stimulus: The previously
neutral stimulus (NS) that became a learned stimulus
Classical Conditioning
ACTIVITY
Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
People and animals learn to do certain things, and not others, because of the results of what they do (consequences of actions).
Operant Conditioning
Reinforcement
Reinforcement
The process by which a stimulus increases the chances that the preceding behavior will occur again.
Primary Secondary
Positive
Negative
Operant Conditioning
Important Related Concepts:•Schedules of Reinforcement
• Interval•Ratio
•Shaping
Scenarios
Cognitive Factors
Cognitive Factors
Observational Learning
Cognitive Factors
Observational Learning
Describe two instances in which you learned something through observation