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Management Information System
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COMPUTER SYSTEM CONCEPTS
Presented by:Dr. Akhlas AhmedPreston University
WHAT IS A COMPUTER? An electronic device, operating under
the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input), manipulate the data according to specified rules (process), produce information (output) from the processing, and store the results for future use.
Primary Storage Unit
Arithmetic and Logic Unit
Input Data Output Data
Secondary
Storage Unit
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Control Unit
Registers
Any hardware component that allows you to enter data, programs, commands, and user responses into a computer
Includes – Keyboard
Mouse Optical Scanner
Touch Screen, so on
INPUT DEVICES
The processor, also called the central processing unit (CPU), has subdivided into two major subunits -
• The control unit interprets the instructions
• The arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) performs the logical and arithmetic processes
THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
(CPU)
OUTPUT DEVICES
Converts the electronic information produced by the processor into human-intelligible form for presentation to end users.
Includes – Video Display Unit
PrinterAudio Response Unit
STORAGE DEVICESStores data and software instructions needed
for processing.
Primary Storage Unit – RAM & ROM
Secondary Storage Unit –
Floppy disk, or disketteCompact Disc CD-R, CD-RW, CD-ROMDVDs – DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD-RAMFlash disk/USB driveHard disk ( non removable)
Cache Memory for high speed – Storage circuitry stores
temporary instructions and data elements
1. TYPES OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS
• Microcomputer systems
• Personal computers, PDA’s, workstations etc.
• Midrange systems
• Network or Web servers, Multi-user systems etc.
• Mainframe systems
• Enterprise systems, Super servers, Transaction Processors etc.
COMPUTER HARDWARE
2. PERIPHERALS
•Monitors
•Printers
•Scanners
•Hard Disk Drives
•CD & DVD (Dissociated Vertical Deviation) Drives
•Backup Systems
3. INPUT TECHNOLOGIES
•Pointing Devices
•Pen based Computing
•Speech Recognition System
•Optical scanning
•Magnetic stripe
•Smart Cards
4. OUTPUT TECHNOLOGIES
•Video Output
•Printed Output
•Storage
• Magnetic Disks
• Floppy disks
• Hard disk drives
• Magnetic Tape
• Optical Disks
COMPUTER SOFTWARE Is the general term for various kinds of programs used to operate and manipulate computers and their peripheral devices.
TYPES OF SOFTWARE
•Application Software: performs information processing tasks for end
users.
• General purpose application programs
• Application specific programs (custom software)
•System Software: manages and supports operations of computer
systems and networks.
• System management programs.
• System development programs.
Business application software
Software suites
Web browsers
Electronic mail & Instant messaging
Word processing
DTP (Desktop Publishing)
Electronic spreadsheets
Presentation graphics
Personal information managers
Groupware
Application Software
System software
System management programs: Programs that manage the hardware,
software, network and data resources of computer systems during the
execution of information processing jobs of the user.
E.g. Operating system, DBMS etc.
System development program: Programs that help users develop
information system programs and procedures and prepare user programs
for computer processing.
E.g. Programming language translators & editors,
CASE (computer aided software engineering)
Computer software
Application software
General purpose
application programs
Application-specific
programs
System software
System development programs
System manageme
nt programs
Word processor, CRM, ERP, CASE packages, OS, DBMS, Spreadsheet E- commerce Programming Application Web browsers editors & tools servers
Performs information processing
tasks for end users
Manages & supports
operations of computer systems
and networks
THANK YOU