Data Visualisation
Data Visualisation
Psychology of Data Visualisation
Charts
Bits and Pieces
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Audience Considerations
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Common Data Visualisation Issues
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Why Data Visualisation?
A picture is worth 1,000 words
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Why Data Visualisation
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This process consists of the following six fundamental stages:
1. Determine your message and identify the data necessary to
communicate it.
2. Determine if a table, graph, image or combination is needed to
communicate your message.
3. Determine the best means to encode the values.
4. Determine where to display each variable.
5. Determine the best design for the remaining objects.
6. Determine if particular data should be featured above the rest, and if so,
how.
Few
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In the Beginning
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William Playfair 1786
Trade balance
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John Snow 1854
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The Value of Data Visualisation
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Exploration or Explanation?
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Member Engagement (Harvard Business Review)
https://hbr.org/2013/04/when-visualizing-data-you-have
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Why the visualisation
What am I looking at?
Why are you showing it to me?
Examples
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What am I looking at?
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What am I looking at?
Youth Unemployment Rates in Europe
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Why are you showing me?
Youth Unemployment Rates in Europe
Historically high and dividing Europe
Psychology of
Visualisation
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Memory
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Hick’s Law
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Working Memory
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Chunking
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More details
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Pre-attentive Processing
Pre-attentive processing is the unconscious accumulation of
information from the environment. All available information is pre-
attentively processed. Then, the brain filters and processes what is
important. (Wikipedia)
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Preattentive Processing
Attentive Processing
Preattentive Processing
Goal: How many 5’s
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Compare and contrast objects to make a point
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Face of Meth Campaign
2001 2004 2006
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Group objects so that relationships between the elements becomes
clear
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Relationships
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Break elements down so that the individual parts become clear
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CO2 per capita emissions per country
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Pictorial Representations
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Raleigh Bicycle – exploded
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Storyboard a narrative so that it unfolds in a logical way
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Create cutaways to see inside an object
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Measure or compare
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Scale is relative
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Scale is relative
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Label Parts
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Location
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Colour
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Interference Effects
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Colour
Use Colour sparingly
Use 2 colours at most where possible
Avoid colour gradients
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Smartphones Dominating Sales
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Smartphone Dominating sales
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Avoid Colour Gradients
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Colour Blind – 8% Males
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Deuteranopia Tritanopia
Protanopia
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Tables Vs Charts
Tables
Need to looked up individual
values
Data needs to be precise
Charts
The message you wish to
communicate resides in the
shape of the data
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Business Data Relationships
Time-Series Relationships
When quantitative values are expressed as a series
of measures taken across equal intervals of time,
this relationship is called a time series.
Ranking Relationships
When quantitative values are sequenced by size,
from large to small or vice versa, this relationship is
called a ranking.
Part-to-Whole Relationships
When quantitative values are displayed to reveal the
portion that each value represents to some whole,
this is called a part-to-whole relationship.
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Business Data Relationships
Deviation Relationships
When quantitative values are displayed to feature
how one or more sets of values differ from some
reference set of values, this is called a deviation
relationship.
Distribution Relationships
When we show how a set of quantitative values are
spread across their entire range, this relationship is
called a distribution.
Correlation Relationships
When pairs of quantitative values, each measuring
something different about an entity are displayed to
reveal if there is significant relationship between
them.
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Encoding Quantitative Data in Charts
Recommended
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Encoding Quantitative Data in Charts
Not Recommended – 2 dimension
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Use line charts to show time series
Notes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency, and Hospital Administration of the British Army and sent to Queen Victoria in 1858
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A better visualisation
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Enrolments
2011, 45
2012, 48 2013, 55
2014, 50
Enrolments By Year
ERP, 50
MBA, 45
Accounting, 43
Marketing, 20
2014 Enrolments By Course
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What is the problem?
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Encoding Quantitative Data in Charts
NO 3D!
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Reporting Guidelines - Charts
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Label axis
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Always Scale to Zero
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Direct labelling
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Andrew Ablea
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Reduce Data Ink / Non data Ink Ratio
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Maps
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Maps
Mercator map accuracy?
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Resources
http://labs.juiceanalytics.com/chartchooser/index.html
Google Charts
Stephen Few
SlideShare