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Lecture 6.2-
e- configs & the Periodic Table
Electron configurations can be shortened by writing the symbol of the previous noble gas in brackets to represent the inside electrons.
Shortened1s2
[He]2s22p6
[Ne]3s23p6
[Ar]3d104s24p6
Elements can be sorted into noble gases, representative elements, transition metals, or inner transition metals based on their electron configurations.
Electron Configurations in Groups
Noble gases (Group 8A) have full outer energy levels. Usually an s2p6 configuration. Helium is full with s2
Electron Configurations in Groups
Electron Configurations in Groups
The Representative Elements (Groups 1,2,13-18 or groups 1A-8A)
Electron Configurations in Groups
The Representative Elements (Groups 1,2,13-18 or groups 1A-8A)
For representative elements s and p sublevels of the highest occupied energy level are not filled.
Electron Configurations in Groups
The Representative Elements (Groups 1,2,13-18 or groups 1A-8A)
For representative elements s and p sublevels of the highest occupied energy level are not filled.
The group number equals the number of electrons in the highest/outermost energy level.
Electron Configurations in Groups
Alkali metals (Group 1A) have one electron in the highest occupied energy level. s1 configuration
Electron Configurations in Groups
Alkaline earth metals (Group 2A) have two electrons in the highest occupied energy level. s2
Electron Configurations in Groups
Halogens(Group 7A) have an s2p5
configuration.
Transition Elements
Transition Elements
There are two types of transition elements—transition metals and inner transition metals. They are classified based on their electron configurations.
Transition Elements
Transition Elements
In transition metals, the highest energy electrons are found in inner d orbitals.
Transition Elements
In transition metals, the highest energy electrons are found in inner d orbitals. In atoms of an inner transition metal, the highest occupied s sublevel and an inner f sublevel contain electrons.
Periods
The period number tells which energy level the outside electrons are in.Ex. 3rd period sodium(Na) is [Ne]3s1
4th period potassium(K) is [Ar]4s1
Blocks of Elements
Using the periodic table, write the electron configuration of N, Ca, Ti, Se, Cl, and He.
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4
The red circles represent energy levels
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4
The red circles represent energy levels
H 1e-
1s1
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4
The red circles represent energy levels
He 2e-
1s2
The first
energy level is full
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4
The red circles represent energy levels
Helium is a noble gas
1s2 = [He]
All the electrons
that helium has
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4
The red circles represent energy levels
Li 3e-
1s2 2s1
or [He] 2s1
All the electrons
that helium has
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4
All the electrons
that helium has
Be 4e-
1s2 2s2
or [He] 2s2
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 B 5e-
[He] 2s2 2p1
All the electrons
that helium has
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 C 6e-
[He]2s2 2p2
All the electrons
that helium has
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 N 7e-
[He]2s2 2p3
All the electrons
that helium has
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 O 8e-
[He]2s2 2p4
All the electrons
that helium has
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 F 9e-
[He]2s2 2p5
All the electrons
that helium has
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Ne 10e-
[He]2s2 2p6 2nd energy level is full!
All the electrons
that helium has
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Ne 10e-
[He]2s2 2p6 = [Ne]
Neon’s ten electrons
Neon is a noble gas
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Na 11e-
[Ne]3s1
Neon’s ten
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Mg 12e-
[Ne]3s2
Neon’s ten
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Al 13e-
[Ne]3s2 3p1
Neon’s ten
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Si 14e-
[Ne]3s2 3p2
Neon’s ten
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 P 15e-
[Ne]3s2 3p3
Neon’s ten
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 S 16e-
[Ne]3s2 3p4
Neon’s ten
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Cl 17e-
[Ne]3s2 3p5
Neon’s ten
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Ar 18e-
[Ne]3s2 3p6
Neon’s ten
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Ar 18e-
[Ne]3s2 3p6 = [Ar]
Argon is a noble gasArgon’s
18 electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 K 19e-
[Ar]4s1
Argon’s 18
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Ca 20e-
[Ar]4s2
Argon’s 18
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Sc 21e-
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Argon’s 18
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Sc 21e-
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Argon’s 18
electrons
Transition metals have their highest energy electrons in inner d orbitals
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Ti 22e-
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
Argon’s 18
electrons
Transition metals have their highest energy electrons in inner d orbitals
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 V 23e-
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
Argon’s 18
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Cr 24e-
[Ar] 3d4 4s2
Argon’s 18
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Mn 25e-
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
Argon’s 18
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Fe 26e-
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
Argon’s 18
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Co 27e-
[Ar] 3d7 4s2
Argon’s 18
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Ni 28e-
[Ar] 3d8 4s2
Argon’s 18
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Cu 29e-
[Ar] 3d9 4s2
Argon’s 18
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Zn 30e-
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 The 3rd energy level is full!
Argon’s 18
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Ga 31e-
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Argon’s 18
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Ge 32e-
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
Argon’s 18
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 As 33e-
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3
Argon’s 18
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Se 34e-
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4
Argon’s 18
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Br 35e-
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5
Argon’s 18
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Kr 36e-
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6
Argon’s 18
electrons
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Kr 36e-
[Ar]3d104s24p6 = [Kr]
Krypton is a noble gaskrypton’s
36 electrons
5
Filling orbitals
Positive nucleus
12
3
4 Rb 37e-
[Kr] 5s1
Krypton is a noble gaskrypton’s
36 electrons
5
And so on and so forth……