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App Design for Business
Topic: Video and Sound
Topic Number: 8
2
Key topics / learning outcomes of this lecture
• Learn about video, compression and file size
• Learn about digital audio, sample rate and open source software for recording
Video for Android
• What is a video?– a series of images that display in sequence to create
movement in time with the real world;– images are called ‘frames’ in video;
• How many images make a video?– a motion picture film will typically have 24 frames display
every one second;– early silent films had frame rates between 26 – 24 frames per
second;• cameras were manually managed by turning a wheel holding the
film, so the camera manager could slow the frame rate down, to match the film mood!
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Importance of frame rate
• 48 fps is currently being trialled in the film industry:– this will reduce flicker;– this will reduce motion blur
• motion blur occurs when images being filmed move faster in the real world than the frame rate being captured;
• 300 fps has been tested by BBC research for use in sports broadcasts:– 300 fps can be converted to both 50 and 60 fps
transmission formats without major issues
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Image size / resolution
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In photoshop, inspect the element
Image size: 850.8K
Width 710 pxHeight 409 px
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Image compression
• This image was possibly originally around 3MB when it was first taken;
• It has been compressed to achieve an image size of 850.8KB:– this is still quite a high KB size, it could be reduced a lot
further, making transmission faster as there are less bits;– the image could be compressed further, by running further
jpeg (or other) compression algorithms on the content to reduce the size;
– the image can be made physically smaller, this will reduce the file size also;
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Video Compression
Year Standard Publisher Popular Implementations
1984 H.120 ITU-T
1988 H.261 ITU-T Videoconferencing, Videotelephony
1993 MPEG-1 Part 2 ISO, IEC Video-CD
1995 H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2 ISO, IEC, ITU-TDVD Video, Blu-ray, Digital Video
Broadcasting, SVCD
1996 H.263 ITU-T Videoconferencing, Videotelephony, Video on Mobile Phones (3GP)
1999 MPEG-4 Part 2 ISO, IEC Video on Internet (DivX, Xvid ...)
2003 H.264/MPEG-4 AVCSony, Panasonic, Samsung,ISO, IEC, ITU-T
Blu-ray, HD DVD Digital Video Broadcasting,iPod Video, Apple TV,
2009 VC-2 (Dirac) SMPTE Video on Internet, HDTV broadcast, UHDTV
2013 H.265 ISO, IEC, ITU-T
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YouTube use H.264 codec
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Video - Flash Player
• There is no longer support for Flash Player as it is very processor consumptive and drains battery.
• Avoid designing with Flash until the issues are resolved.
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Tips to reduce video file size
• Keep the video short in terms of time;• Keep the video camera completely still where
possible, when actually filming content– compression will be more efficient if the background of
the subject remains still;• Reduce the physical size of the video before filming,
whilst keeping the aspect ratio• Run the video through a good quality and
appropriate compression technique.
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Embed Video within Android App
• Put the final video into the app resources, the res/raw folder.
• use Java to code or• use the YouTube
Player API for Android
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… end of Video section…
… next is Audio …
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What is Audio
Audio used to be created by recording sound waves;
Digital audio takes those sound waves and reproduces them digitally.
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Sampling (signal processing)
• A sound wave is a continuous signal• A sample refers to a set of values at a given
point• this is one cycle;• this = 1hz;• this equals
1 hz per second;
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Sound Hz (Hertz)
• The more hertz, the different the sound, known also as the pitch;
Voice Frequency
Male 85 – 180 Hz
Female 165 – 255 Hz
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Sample rate
• Sample rate for a CD is 44,100 samples from the sound wave per second;
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Decibels (Loudness)
Noise Decibels
Whisper in quiet library at 6 feet 30dB
Normal conversation at 3 feet 60dB
Normal piano practice 70dB
Loud rock concert 115dB
Jet engine at 100 feet 140dB
Death of hearing tissue 180dB
Loudest sound possible 194dB
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Creating and recording sound
Copyright issues• when using existing sounds, ensure there are
no copyright issues’• generally, any music that was published 75
years ago becomes copyright free;• a small sound loop of less than 3 seconds is
allowed to be made from published sound which is not yet copyright free;
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Audacity
• well known open source software for sound manipulation:
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Audacity setup
• Facility to– connect a microphone (if required);– set up an audio host and playback device;– select input;– make a test recording;– edit the recording;– save the recording in the appropriate file format;
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Using Audio with Android
Starting an Activity - request audio focus
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Essential work for next week
• Please consult the OLE for details of:– Essential readings*– Seminar/workshop preparation work*– Recommended further readings– Any additional learning
* Essential readings and preparation work must always be completed in time for the next session
End of presentation
© Pearson College 2013