Lecture –I

Introduction History of Architecture-III

Ar. Hena Tiwari

Assistant Professor

GCAD,Sonipat

Content

Introduction to subject

Syllabus

Introduction to Indo-Islamic Architecture

Outcome:

Students will be able to get a glimpse of the teaching of the

semester and understand the basics of Islamic architecture

in context to India.

Students are require to submit assignments at the end of every lecture. The

assignment should have SKETCHES (detailed) with the write up.

Students are required to jot down the notes in the class.

Every unit will follow a minor test and in the end of the semester there will

be a major test. (reff teaching programme from library.)

No late submission will be accepted or marked.

Maintain a separate notebook for the subject.

75% of the attendance is compulsory. The students who will not adhere the

rule will be detained.

Notes (prior to lectures)

WHAT IS HISTORY?

IS IT PAST THAT WE CALL

HISTORY?PAST

HISTORY

What we have studied so far ? Ancient civilizations

Classical Greek & Roman

GREAT BATH, Mohenjo-DaroGRANARY, Harappa

PYRAMIDS, Egypt

SPHINX, Egypt

PARTHENON, Athens

COLOSSEUM, Rome

Indian Architecture

(Buddhist, jain, Hindu temples, etc. )

LINGRAJA TEMPLE

SANCHI STUPA

Early Christian Architecture

Romanesque Architecture

(15-16thcentury)

Santa Costanza, Rome

LEANING TOWER OF PISA

Gothic Architecture

NOTRE-DAME DE PARIS

Indo-Islamic Architecture

Architecture in Europe

(12th -18th Century)

(12th -18th Century)

Introduction to coming of Islam to

India and its architectural

implications.

ISLAM:

Islam is the monotheistic religion articulated by the Quran,

a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word

of God (Allah)

ISLAM means ‘submission to god’.

Youngest of the world’s religions professes its faith in ALLAH ,

the one god.

Year of birth : 622 AD

Founded by Prophet Muhammad

SPREAD OF ISLAMIC EMPIRE

BRIEF POLITICAL HISTORY

Prophet Muhammad

570 AD : Born

610 AD : Encountered with

Archangle Gabriel (messenger of the god)

622 AD : Birth of ISLAM (Hijri era).

632 AD : Died

633 AD : Abu Bakr

“First caliph of Islam”

Arabian invader

712 AD : Conquered Sindh

(first ‘Jauhar’ in Indian history)

SPREAD OF ISLAMIC EMPIRE IN INDIA

MUHAMMAD-BIN-

QASIM

MEHMOOD GHAZNI

998 AD : Occupied throne

1000 AD : began attacks towards India.

Invaded India seventeen times.

Seventeenth attack : Somnath temple, Gujarat.

MUHAMMAD-BIN-SAM (Muhammad of Ghor)

1173 AD : Occupied the throne

Two most significant battles :

1. 1191, Tarain , 19kms from Karnal

2. 1192, Prithvi Raj Chauhan

Fasting during

Ramdan(Sawm)

Pilgrimage to the holy

city of Mecca (Hajj)

Pledging the faith

(Shahadad)

Ritual Prayer (Salat)

Charity to the poor (Zakat) Principle

of

Islam

Origin of Indo-Islamic Architecture:

The Muslim rulers were keen to invade India because:

o India was a rich region,

o Had a flourishing international trade

o Had the only known diamond mines in the world.

This eventually led to the formation of the short lived Islamic

kingdom, The Delhi Sultanate over the northern subcontinent

which led to the formation of Muslim empires in the Indian

subcontinent.

The first Indian mosque was supposedly

o built in 629 A.D

o Kerala

Architectural Implications:

The Islamic architecture encompasses a wide range of both

secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the

present day, influencing the design and construction of

buildings and structures in Islamic culture.

The principal Islamic architectural types are:

a.) Mosque

b.) Tomb

Jama Masjid in Delhi

Taj Mahal,Agrac.) Madrasa

d.) Sarai

Mughal Sarai, Shambhu,Punjab