LEED Design for Buildings and Communities with an Emphasis on Energy Conservation

LEED Design for Buildings and Communities with an Emphasis

on Energy Conservation

Melek Yalcintas, Ph.D., P.E., LEED-AP, CxA

CEE691/EE693K Seminar in Renewable Energy and Island Sustainability (REIS), Honolulu, HI, November 19, 2009

AMEL Technologies, IncManoa Innovation Center2800 Woodlawn Drive, Suite 251Honolulu, HI 96822Phone: 808-988-0200E-mail: [email protected]

• LEED Overview- Why is it Important?- LEED Framework

• LEED EB O&M: Case Study

• Importance of Energy Efficiency & Energy Conservation: Case Studies

OverviewOVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION

What is LEED?

• Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

• Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)

• The most recognized and widely used certification program for sustainable buildings.

• Mission: To transform the way buildings and communities are designed, built and operated, enabling an environmentally and socially responsible, healthy, and prosperous environment that improves the quality of life.

OVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION

• A program that awards points to a project for green development and construction features.

• Based on the number of credits achieved for each category, the project is then awarded a level of certification ranging from Certified, Silver, Gold, and Platinum

What is LEED?OVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION

• Creates jobs

• Bring communities together

• Looks, feels, and operates great

• Live, work, and play in living buildings

• Improve the quality of life

• Reduces the impact of buildings on the earth

Why is LEED Important?OVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION

LEED provides building owners and operators a concise framework for:

- Green Building Design

- Construction

- Operations and Maintenance

LEED FrameworkOVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION

How it Works

Different rating systems for different types of projects:


6 Point Categories:

•Sustainable Sites

•Water Efficiency

•Energy & Atmosphere

•Materials and Resources

•Indoor Environmental Quality

•Innovation in Design

How it WorksOVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION

Rating system for existing commercial and institutional buildings, especially offices buildings, with at least 50% occupancy for 12 consecutive months

Maximize operational efficiency, minimize environmental impacts

Addresses whole-building cleaning and maintenance, recycling, exterior maintenance, systems upgrades, resource conservation

What is LEED EB O&M?OVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION

EB O&M

•On-going process•Life of building•Operating budgets•Performance based

NC and CI

•One-time event•Design and construction•Capital budgets•Simulations and projections

LEED EB O&M vs LEED NC and CIOVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION

Sustainable Sites

Water Efficiency

Energy & Atmosphere

Materials and Resources

Indoor Environmental Quality

Innovation in Operations

Stormwater management, heat island effect, transportation, light pollution, pest and landscape management

Potable water conservation - irrigation, cooling towers, indoor plumbing fixtures

Energy conservation, on-site renewable energy generation, report emissions, refrigerant management

Sustainable purchasing, waste management through recycling and reuse

Provide adequate ventilation, institute green custodial policies and cleaning practices, provide comfort controls, daylight and views

Exemplary performance, innovative methods, encourage tracking cost of sustainable building operations

LEED EB O&M CategoriesOVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION


Nature Conservancy of Hawa`i

SUSTAINABLE SITESOVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION

SS C5

SS C7.2

SS C4

SUSTAINABLE SITESOVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION

WATER EFFICIENCYOVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION

WATER EFFICIENCYOVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION

ENERGY & ATMOSPHEREOVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION



MATERIALS & RESOURCESOVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION



INDOOR ENVIROMENTAL QUALITYOVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION

Sky Lights Provide DaylightingOVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION

INNOVATION IN OPERATIONSOVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION

Mug WallOVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION

http://www.nature.org/initiatives/climatechange/calculator/

Operational MilestonesOVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION

Timeline – Maintenance

1916BUILDING CONSTRUCTED

2005BUILDING ACQUIRED BY TNC

2007RENOVATION BEGINS

plumbing retrofitinterior finishes

12 2008photovoltaic system installed

roofing installed

04 2008HVAC retrofit(PHASE 1)

03 2009HVAC retrofit(PHASE 2)

10 2008lighting retrofit(COMPLETED 5/2009)

02 2007energy audit

08 2007RACU feasibility study

06 2009EnergyStar ™AWARD

07 2009LEEDSilver

AWARD

• Energy Efficiency: A Great Resource

• Energy Efficiency Improvement by Building Industry: Case Studies from Hawaii

• Integrated Energy Efficiency with Renewable Energies


Energy Efficiency & Conservation

• Transportation Sector: 20%

• Electric Power Sector: 30%

• Overall Energy Efficiency: 35%

• This means 65% energy is released to atmosphere in the form of heat!

• Pollutants released to atmosphere!

• Energy efficiency is long delayed solution to energy sustainability and global warming

Energy Efficiency by End-SectorOVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION

• Commercial and Residential Buildings Use – 65% of total U.S. electricity consumption, – 39% of total primary energy use

• Main Electricity Consumption: – HVAC – lighting, – computers, – household appliances, – other equipment.

• 40% - 50% electricity usage for HVAC alone.

Building Sector Energy UsageOVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION

Examples of Energy Conservation

Case Study 1: Energy Management Systems in Hotel Guestrooms

Guestrooms

Retrofit Project: • Install Energy Management

Systems in Guestroom• Install Variable Frequency Drives

(VFDs) on Air Handling Units.

The Hotel: Located in Waikiki


Demand Savings: 151 kW

Payback Period: 4.3 years

Energy Saved: 28%

Comparison of Energy UsageOVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

12/10/02 12/15/02 12/20/02 12/25/02 12/30/02 1/4/03Pre-retrofit

Pow

er (k

Wh)

2/6/03 2/8/03 2/10/03 2/12/03 2/14/03 2/16/03 2/18/03Post-retrofit

Pre-retrofitPost Retrofit

Before & After Retrofit

Hotel building has 520 guest rooms

Retrofit Project: • Install Two New Cooling Towers

Case Study 2: Replacement of Existing Cooling Towers in a Hotel

Examples of Energy ConservationOVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION

Power Usage Comparision


Payback Period: 7.2 years

Energy Saved: 61%


-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

4-Mar-06 8-Mar-06 12-Mar-06 16-Mar-06 20-Mar-06 24-Mar-06

Pre-retrofit

Pow

er (k

Wh)

12-Apr-07 14-Apr-07 16-Apr-07 18-Apr-07 20-Apr-07 22-Apr-07

post retrofit

Pre-retrofitPost-retrofit

Retrofit Project:

• Remove existing 316 metal halide lighting fixtures and install 299 of 4L-T5HO new lighting fixtures with new ballasts


Payback Period: Less than one year

Energy Saved: 61%

Case Study 3: Manufacturing Facility Lighting Retrofits


• HVAC Retrofits

• Lighting Retrofits

• Low Flow Plumbing Fixtures

• PV Installation:12.5 kW Capacity

• 13,000 sq.ft. Downtown Historic Office Building• First Building in Hawaii to Earn LEED EB-OM Silver Certificate

Case Study 4: The Nature Conservancy


55% Decrease in AC Power Demand

HVAC Power Usage Consumption



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

23-Jun-07 27-Jun-07 1-Jul-07 5-Jul-07 9-Jul-07 13-Jul-07 17-Jul-07 21-Jul-07 25-Jul-07 29-Jul-07

Pow

er (k

Wh)

21-Feb-09 26-Feb-09 3-Mar-09 8-Mar-09 13-Mar-09 18-Mar-09 23-Mar-09 28-Mar-09

Pre-retrofitPost-retrofit

• New HVAC Equipment Installed April 08

• Lighting Retrofit Started October 08, Finished (Almost) May 09

• Low Flow Plumbing Fixtures Installed September 08

• 12.5 kW PV Installed December 08

2007 Average Monthly Electricity Use: 17,280 kWh/month2008 Average Monthly Electricity Use: 13,080 kWh/month2009 through April Average Monthly Electricity Use: 9,880 kWh/month12.5 kW PV system Average Monthly Power Generated 1,440 kWh/month

HVAC Power Usage Consumption



Power Demand Before Retrofit (kW)

Power Demand After Retrofit (kW)

Power Demand Savings (kW)

Energy Saving (%)

Retrofit Cost ($)

PV Cost without Federal and State incentives ($)

Payback period for Retrofitting(Yrs)*

Payback period after deducting Federal and State incentives (yrs)*

Case Study 1 539 388 151 28 1,125,000 7,250,000 4.3 17.3

Case Study 2 44 17 27 61 340,000 1,300,000 7.2 9.6

Case Study 3 145 70 75 51 90,000 2,020,000 <1 20

*Calculations are based on a $10 per Watt installation cost of PV and $0.20 per kWh of electricity, which are the average costs in Honolulu, Hawaii since 2006.

Case Study 4 47 27 20 43 140,000 90,000 8 *ROI Includes Building Equipment Retrofit Only, PV is by PPI (Power Purchase Agreement)

Comparison of energy savings and cost of retrofitting vs installing PV systems


• Energy Conservation and Energy Efficiency - are keys for sustainability- can reduce global warming and air pollution- offers the quickest implementation and best payback.

CONCLUSIONS

• Renewable energy should be considered only after implementing all energy conservation measures in buildings.


“It may be called green building now, but it’s just the right way to build”

• LEED is the future of the building industry.

Thank You

Melek Yalcintas, Ph.D., P.E., LEED-AP, CxA

CEE691/EE693K Seminar in Renewable Energy and Island Sustainability (REIS), Honolulu, HI, November 19, 2009

AMEL Technologies, IncManoa Innovation Center2800 Woodlawn Drive, Suite 251Honolulu, HI 96822Phone: 808-988-0200E-mail: [email protected]

Education

LEED Design for Buildings and Communities with an Emphasis on Energy Conservation