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Religion and Philosophy
Giving life meaning
Greek Myth
Myths: a usually traditional story of historical events that serves to unfold part of the world view
of a people or explain a practice, belief, or natural phenomenon
Religious beliefs: multiple interpretationsGreeks: polytheistic (believed and worshiped
multiple gods)
Greek Myth
In the beginning, Chaos (a gaping endless void) and a vast flowing blanket of water (Oceanus) covered all of the universe.
Greek Myth
Eurynome: was the Goddess of All Things, and desired to make order out of the Chaos. She “merged” with a powerful snake, Ophion and she gave birth to Eros, god of Love, also known as Protagonus, the "firstborn".
Greek Myth
Also born out of Chaos were Gaia, called Earth, or Mother Earth, and Uranus, the embodiment of the Sky and the Heavens, as well as Tartarus, god of the sunless and terrible region beneath Gaia, the Earth.
Greek Myth
Gaia and Uranus married and gave birth to the Titans, a race of formidable giants, which included a particularly wily(crafty, clever) giant named Cronus.
Greek Myth
Gaia and Uranus warned Cronus that a son of his would one day overpower him. Cronus therefore swallowed his numerous children by his wife Rhea, to keep that forecast from taking place.
Greek Myth
Zeus made himself Supreme God over all and lived on Mount Olympus, in Thessaly. All the others were left to fend for themselves in lands below Mount Olympus.
Greek Myth
Greek Myth
Prometheus, one of the Titans not vanquished in the war between Zeus and the giants. It is said in many myths that Prometheus had created d a race of people from clay…The Common People
Greek Myth
The gods of Greek myth were how a lot of citizens understood the ways of life. They had a creation story to tell and explain their existence.
This gave comfort, but the gods where also very distant beings:
Immortal vs. Mortal
Supreme Beings(Mount Olympus) vs. Common People (Prometheus)
Roman Myth
For the most part, the Greek and Roman myths were about the same.
The Romans were more interested with Power than the Greeks ideas of equality, so this aspect changes the myths .
Roman MythIndo-European Regions
Roman MythCastor and Pollux
Roman Myth
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Roman Myth
Philosophy
Philosophy: pursuit of wisdom b: a search for a general understanding of values and reality by chiefly speculative rather than observational means
Philosophy
Socrates Plato
Aristotle
Philosophy
Stoics: practiced moderation, led to a happy life
example: eating, sleeping, working (doing all of these moderately
one apparently or professedly indifferent to pleasure or pain
Philosophy
Skeptics: a group of philosophers whose main idea was that we can't really know anything for certain about the world around us, or about ourselves
Philosophy
Epicureans: believed that the best way to be happy and not sad was to not want anything. It's wanting things that leads to pain.
Philosophy
Early years.
Socrates: (469 B.C.-399 B. From Athens, Sculptor, soldier
Philosophy
Later Years: Sought to answer life questions:
What is wisdom? What is beauty?
What is piety? What is the right thing to do?
Wished for his questions to bring forth logic
Philosophy
Logic- The science of the formal principles of reasoning
Reason- are the steps one might take in creating an opinion, or an answer to a question.
Philosophy
What is beauty?
Philosophy
Court System: The Juries decided the verdict, very democratic. Socrates was sentenced to death by one of these Juries: for impiety.
Philosophy
Plato: wrote down Socrates’ thoughts
Dialogues: Euthyphro (what is piety), Apology (Socrates’ defense speech, Crito(being faithful to governed rules)
Republic vs. Democracy: Let educated aristocrats decide on government officials instead of the general public.
Republic vs.Democracy
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Philosophy
Plato’s Cave
Philosophy
Aristotle: was not from Athens, studied at Plato’s academy, was more interested in science, nature, and finding order scientific order in chaotic nature.
Science looked away from the gods and sought fact through nature, and tests.
Philosophy
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Scientific Method
Philosophy
Next Week
Christianity: Reforming the MythPlease read 51-55, 73-76,83-86