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Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 1
Mavhungu Nditamani 201320186Unit 6
Life Science Lesson Topic: Maintaining a healthy Weight
Grade: 10
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 2
Lesson outcomes By the end of this chapter, learners should be able
to: Define what is a healthy weight Calculate their Body mass index Define what obesity is Explain what implication does obesity have on a
person Name diseases associated with obesity
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 3
Continued learning outcomes
Give possible treatments for obesity that are scientifically proven
Explain the impact of not eating on a body Define anorexia List the symptoms of anorexia Treatment of anorexia Tabulate the difference between obesity and
anorexia
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 4
Introduction
Maintaining healthy weight has been a struggle for centuries.
In this struggle many people has resulted with one of the two extreme conditions which are obesity and anorexia.
In this chapter, we’ll learn about these two conditions.
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 5
Obesity is a challenge that has been going on for a long period for long.
It mostly affects the children and adolescents and it is on the rise
Obesity increases chances of developing various diseases with age
In South Africa overweight and obesity varies with age, gender and population group.
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 6
There is also a great amount of people who suffer from anorexia nervosa
This is caused by eating very little portions of food or exercising non-stop. In some cases not eating at all.
Mostly those people see themselves as being very fat and therefore want to fast to loose some body fat
The BMI of an anorexic person is less than 18.5
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 7
Healthy Weight
The Body mass index (BMI) is a measurement that determine the weight of a person and we could be able to assess it
BMI formula:
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 8
This formula will give you your body mass index (BMI). The obesity is diagnosed when the (BMI) is 30 or more, Refer to the table below to learn more about BMI.
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 9
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 10
Body mass index
BMI determine whether a person falls within a healthy weight range
Each individual has a unique body make up. Variation of individual’s BMI can be based on
gender and age Athletes will have greater BMI because of their
muscles than body fat Ladies always have more fat than men Older people have more body fats than younger
ones
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 11
Obesity Obesity refers to “excessive accumulation of fat in a body to
the extent that it may affect the health and well-being of the individual”.
Obesity increase the risk for the development of non-communicable diseases during childhood and adolescence
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 12
Causes of obesity
Geneticso Research shows that genetic factors are a link between
heredity and obesity. •Genes affect the amount of body fat we store and where to store,
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 13
Consumption of high energy fast food
Obesity occurs when a person consumes more calories than his/her body needs.
Excess calories are stored as fat in a person’s body
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 14
Medication
Drug induced weight gain increases chances of obesity
Examples: diabetic treatment Contraceptives Steroids Anti-depressants
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 15
Inactivity
Lower to no physical activity levels Most people spend most of their time watching television
and surfing the internet
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 16
Culture In most of the African cultures, the bigger a person
is, the healthier they are thought to be. Being fat was associated with wealth Japanese Sumo wrestlers are also obese people
for the sake of the game
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 17
Diseases associated with obesity
Diabetes High blood pressure Heart disease Cancer Decrease in life expectancy
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 18
Possible treatment methods
Get assistance from health professional team that may include the physician, a psychologist or psychiatrist, physical and exercise therapists, and dietitians amongst others
Surgery has proved to be the most effective method of treatment
Physical activity such as exercise Dietary change Weight loss medication (Prescription based)
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 19
Prevention
Prevention is always the best option. You can prevent obesity by:
o Exercising regularlyo Monitoring your weighto Eat healthy o Regular visits to the doctor for check ups
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 20
Anorexia
Anorexia is a mental-disorder characterized by an endless desire to lose weight by refusing to eat.
Anorexia often has certain behaviors that associate with not eating and may or may not consist of ways to “purge” food from the victims body.
But usually anorexia will consist of trying to lose weight by not eating or exercising too much.
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 21
Symptoms of Anorexia
Dieting despite being thin – Following a severely restricted diet. Eating only certain low-calorie foods. Banning “bad” foods such as carbohydrates and fats.
Obsession with calories, fat grams, and nutrition – Reading food labels, measuring and weighing portions, keeping a food diary, reading diet books.
Dramatic weight loss – Rapid, drastic weight loss with no medical cause.
Depression and low self-esteem Fatigue, dry skin, headaches and hair loss
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 22
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 23
Cause of anorexia
Fear of gaining weight Desire to look like models from fashion magazines Wanting to feel valued based on their weight Emotional needs not being met Fear of developing into matured adults
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 24
Effects of anorexia
Poor circulation Low blood pressure Brittle bones Increased facial hair Loss of periods/infertility
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 25
More effects of Anorexia
Fainting and dizziness Hair loss Dehydration Kidney damage Low body temperature
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 26
Sicknesses associated with anorexia• Heart problems • Osteoporosis • Mental health issues• Kidney failure•
Life Science: Maintaing a healthy weight 27
Treatment for anorexia
Seek professional help from health practitioners Seek assistance from friends and family Gaining and maintaining weight.
Life Science: Maintaining a healthy weight 28
References Jain. A., Treating obesity in individuals and populations (2005), BMJ Knowledge Martinez. J.A. Body-weight regulation: causes of obesity, (2000)Department of
Physiology and Nutrition, University of Navarra Rob woods Johnson foundation, Overweight and Obesity Among African-
American Youths. (2010) Rossouw H.A, Grant C.C, Viljoen M., Overweight and obesity in children and
adolescents: The South African problem. S Afr J Sci. (2012);108(5/6), Art. #907, 7 pages. http:// dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajs. v108i5/6.907
Sidiropoulos. M., Anorexia Nervosa: The physiological consequences of starvation and the need for primary prevention efforts.(2007) McGill Journal of Medicine
Stark. C. All about Anorexia Nervosa. (2000), The mental health foundation.