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Limits at Infinity, Part 2

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In this video we solve two examples of limits at infinity: one that can be solved in two ways and the limit of an infinite sum.

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Page 1: Limits at Infinity, Part 2
Page 2: Limits at Infinity, Part 2
Page 3: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Problem That Can Be Solved In Two WaysFirst Our Basic Technique

Page 4: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Problem That Can Be Solved In Two WaysFirst Our Basic Technique

limx→∞

x + 1

x

Page 5: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Problem That Can Be Solved In Two WaysFirst Our Basic Technique

limx→∞

x + 1

x

Let’s try first our technique.

Page 6: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Problem That Can Be Solved In Two WaysFirst Our Basic Technique

limx→∞

x + 1

x

Let’s try first our technique.First, identify the greatest exponent.

Page 7: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Problem That Can Be Solved In Two WaysFirst Our Basic Technique

limx→∞

x + 1

x

Let’s try first our technique.First, identify the greatest exponent. It is 1.

Page 8: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Problem That Can Be Solved In Two WaysFirst Our Basic Technique

limx→∞

x + 1

x

Let’s try first our technique.First, identify the greatest exponent. It is 1. Now, divideeverything by x :

Page 9: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Problem That Can Be Solved In Two WaysFirst Our Basic Technique

limx→∞

x + 1

x

Let’s try first our technique.First, identify the greatest exponent. It is 1. Now, divideeverything by x :

limx→∞

xx + 1

xxx

Page 10: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Problem That Can Be Solved In Two WaysFirst Our Basic Technique

limx→∞

x + 1

x

Let’s try first our technique.First, identify the greatest exponent. It is 1. Now, divideeverything by x :

limx→∞

�x�x

+ 1x

xx

Page 11: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Problem That Can Be Solved In Two WaysFirst Our Basic Technique

limx→∞

x + 1

x

Let’s try first our technique.First, identify the greatest exponent. It is 1. Now, divideeverything by x :

limx→∞

�x�x

+ 1x

�x�x

Page 12: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Problem That Can Be Solved In Two WaysFirst Our Basic Technique

limx→∞

x + 1

x

Let’s try first our technique.First, identify the greatest exponent. It is 1. Now, divideeverything by x :

limx→∞

�x�x

+ 1x

�x�x

= limx→∞

(1 +

1

x

)

Page 13: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Problem That Can Be Solved In Two WaysFirst Our Basic Technique

limx→∞

x + 1

x

Let’s try first our technique.First, identify the greatest exponent. It is 1. Now, divideeverything by x :

limx→∞

�x�x

+ 1x

�x�x

= limx→∞

(1 +

1

x

)This one is easy:

Page 14: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Problem That Can Be Solved In Two WaysFirst Our Basic Technique

limx→∞

x + 1

xLet’s try first our technique.First, identify the greatest exponent. It is 1. Now, divideeverything by x :

limx→∞

�x�x

+ 1x

�x�x

= limx→∞

(1 +

1

x

)This one is easy:

limx→∞

1 +����0

1

x

Page 15: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Problem That Can Be Solved In Two WaysFirst Our Basic Technique

limx→∞

x + 1

xLet’s try first our technique.First, identify the greatest exponent. It is 1. Now, divideeverything by x :

limx→∞

�x�x

+ 1x

�x�x

= limx→∞

(1 +

1

x

)This one is easy:

limx→∞

1 +����0

1

x= 1

Page 16: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Problem That Can Be Solved In Two WaysNow a Faster Method

Page 17: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Problem That Can Be Solved In Two WaysNow a Faster Method

Let’s try a different approach:

Page 18: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Problem That Can Be Solved In Two WaysNow a Faster Method

Let’s try a different approach:

limx→∞

x + 1

x

Page 19: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Problem That Can Be Solved In Two WaysNow a Faster Method

Let’s try a different approach:

limx→∞

x + 1

x

In this case we can directly separate the terms:

Page 20: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Problem That Can Be Solved In Two WaysNow a Faster Method

Let’s try a different approach:

limx→∞

x + 1

x

In this case we can directly separate the terms:

limx→∞

(x

x+

1

x

)

Page 21: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Problem That Can Be Solved In Two WaysNow a Faster Method

Let’s try a different approach:

limx→∞

x + 1

x

In this case we can directly separate the terms:

limx→∞

(�x

�x+

1

x

)

Page 22: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Problem That Can Be Solved In Two WaysNow a Faster Method

Let’s try a different approach:

limx→∞

x + 1

x

In this case we can directly separate the terms:

limx→∞

(�x

�x+

1

x

)

= limx→∞

(1 +

1

x

)

Page 23: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Problem That Can Be Solved In Two WaysNow a Faster Method

Let’s try a different approach:

limx→∞

x + 1

x

In this case we can directly separate the terms:

limx→∞

(�x

�x+

1

x

)

= limx→∞

(1 +

1

x

)= 1

Page 24: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

Page 25: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

limn→∞

1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n

n2

Page 26: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

limn→∞

1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n

n2

As n→∞, the numerator becomes an infinite sum.

Page 27: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

limn→∞

1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n

n2

As n→∞, the numerator becomes an infinite sum.The numerator is an arithmetic progresion.

Page 28: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

Page 29: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

We can find a formula for this sum:

Page 30: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

We can find a formula for this sum:

Sn = 1 + 2 + ... + n

Page 31: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

We can find a formula for this sum:

Sn = 1 + 2 + ... + n

Sn = n + (n − 1) + ... + 1

Page 32: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

We can find a formula for this sum:

Sn = 1 + 2 + ... + n

Sn = n + (n − 1) + ... + 1

Sn + Sn =

Page 33: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

We can find a formula for this sum:

Sn = 1 + 2 + ... + n

Sn = n + (n − 1) + ... + 1

Sn + Sn = (n + 1)

Page 34: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

We can find a formula for this sum:

Sn = 1 + 2 + ... + n

Sn = n + (n − 1) + ... + 1

Sn + Sn = (n + 1) + (n − 1 + 2)

Page 35: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

We can find a formula for this sum:

Sn = 1 + 2 + ... + n

Sn = n + (n − 1) + ... + 1

Sn + Sn = (n + 1) + (n − 1 + 2) + (n − 2 + 3)

Page 36: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

We can find a formula for this sum:

Sn = 1 + 2 + ... + n

Sn = n + (n − 1) + ... + 1

Sn + Sn = (n + 1) + (n − 1 + 2) + (n − 2 + 3) + ...

Page 37: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

We can find a formula for this sum:

Sn = 1 + 2 + ... + n

Sn = n + (n − 1) + ... + 1

Sn + Sn = (n + 1) + (n − 1 + 2) + (n − 2 + 3) + ... + (n + 1)

Page 38: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

We can find a formula for this sum:

Sn = 1 + 2 + ... + n

Sn = n + (n − 1) + ... + 1

Sn + Sn = (n + 1) +������:

(n + 1)(n − 1 + 2) + (n − 2 + 3) + ... + (n + 1)

Page 39: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

We can find a formula for this sum:

Sn = 1 + 2 + ... + n

Sn = n + (n − 1) + ... + 1

Sn + Sn = (n + 1) +������:

(n + 1)(n − 1 + 2) +���

���:(n + 1)

(n − 2 + 3) + ... + (n + 1)

Page 40: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

We can find a formula for this sum:

Sn = 1 + 2 + ... + n

Sn = n + (n − 1) + ... + 1

Sn + Sn = (n + 1) +������:

(n + 1)(n − 1 + 2) +���

���:(n + 1)

(n − 2 + 3) + ... + (n + 1)︸ ︷︷ ︸n terms

Page 41: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

We can find a formula for this sum:

Sn = 1 + 2 + ... + n

Sn = n + (n − 1) + ... + 1

Sn+Sn = (n + 1) +������:

(n + 1)(n − 1 + 2) +���

���:(n + 1)

(n − 2 + 3) + ... + (n + 1)︸ ︷︷ ︸n terms

= n(n+1)

Page 42: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

We can find a formula for this sum:

Sn = 1 + 2 + ... + n

Sn = n + (n − 1) + ... + 1

Sn+Sn = (n + 1) +������:

(n + 1)(n − 1 + 2) +���

���:(n + 1)

(n − 2 + 3) + ... + (n + 1)︸ ︷︷ ︸n terms

= n(n+1)

2Sn = n(n + 1)

Page 43: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

We can find a formula for this sum:

Sn = 1 + 2 + ... + n

Sn = n + (n − 1) + ... + 1

Sn+Sn = (n + 1) +������:

(n + 1)(n − 1 + 2) +���

���:(n + 1)

(n − 2 + 3) + ... + (n + 1)︸ ︷︷ ︸n terms

= n(n+1)

2Sn = n(n + 1)

Sn =n(n + 1)

2

Page 44: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

Page 45: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

Now we can apply that formula to our problem:

Page 46: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

Now we can apply that formula to our problem:

limn→∞

1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n

n2

Page 47: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

Now we can apply that formula to our problem:

limn→∞

1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n

n2

limn→∞

n(n+1)2

n2

Page 48: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

Now we can apply that formula to our problem:

limn→∞

1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n

n2

limn→∞

n(n+1)2

n2= lim

n→∞

n(n + 1)

2n2

Page 49: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

Now we can apply that formula to our problem:

limn→∞

1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n

n2

limn→∞

n(n+1)2

n2= lim

n→∞

n(n + 1)

2n2

limn→∞

n2 + n

2n2

Page 50: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

Now we can apply that formula to our problem:

limn→∞

1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n

n2

limn→∞

n(n+1)2

n2= lim

n→∞

n(n + 1)

2n2

limn→∞

n2 + n

2n2

Now let’s apply our technique.

Page 51: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

Now we can apply that formula to our problem:

limn→∞

1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n

n2

limn→∞

n(n+1)2

n2= lim

n→∞

n(n + 1)

2n2

limn→∞

n2 + n

2n2

Now let’s apply our technique.Let’s divide everything by n2:

Page 52: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

Now we can apply that formula to our problem:

limn→∞

1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n

n2

limn→∞

n(n+1)2

n2= lim

n→∞

n(n + 1)

2n2

limn→∞

n2 + n

2n2

Now let’s apply our technique.Let’s divide everything by n2:

limn→∞

n2

n2+ n

n2

2n2

n2

Page 53: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

Now we can apply that formula to our problem:

limn→∞

1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n

n2

limn→∞

n(n+1)2

n2= lim

n→∞

n(n + 1)

2n2

limn→∞

n2 + n

2n2

Now let’s apply our technique.Let’s divide everything by n2:

limn→∞

��n2

��n2+ n

n2

2n2

n2

Page 54: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

Now we can apply that formula to our problem:

limn→∞

1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n

n2

limn→∞

n(n+1)2

n2= lim

n→∞

n(n + 1)

2n2

limn→∞

n2 + n

2n2

Now let’s apply our technique.Let’s divide everything by n2:

limn→∞

��n2

��n2+ �n

n�2

2n2

n2

Page 55: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

Now we can apply that formula to our problem:

limn→∞

1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n

n2

limn→∞

n(n+1)2

n2= lim

n→∞

n(n + 1)

2n2

limn→∞

n2 + n

2n2

Now let’s apply our technique.Let’s divide everything by n2:

limn→∞

��n2

��n2+ �n

n�2

2��n2

��n2

Page 56: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

Now we can apply that formula to our problem:

limn→∞

1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n

n2

limn→∞

n(n+1)2

n2= lim

n→∞

n(n + 1)

2n2

limn→∞

n2 + n

2n2

Now let’s apply our technique.Let’s divide everything by n2:

limn→∞

��n2

��n2+ �n

n�2

2��n2

��n2

= limn→∞

1 + 1n

2

Page 57: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

Now we can apply that formula to our problem:

limn→∞

1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n

n2

limn→∞

n(n+1)2

n2= lim

n→∞

n(n + 1)

2n2

limn→∞

n2 + n

2n2

Now let’s apply our technique.Let’s divide everything by n2:

limn→∞

��n2

��n2+ �n

n�2

2��n2

��n2

= limn→∞

1 +���0

1n

2

Page 58: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

Now we can apply that formula to our problem:

limn→∞

1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n

n2

limn→∞

n(n+1)2

n2= lim

n→∞

n(n + 1)

2n2

limn→∞

n2 + n

2n2

Now let’s apply our technique.Let’s divide everything by n2:

limn→∞

��n2

��n2+ �n

n�2

2��n2

��n2

= limn→∞

1 +���0

1n

2=

1

2

Page 59: Limits at Infinity, Part 2

A Different Problem

Now we can apply that formula to our problem:

limn→∞

1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n

n2

limn→∞

n(n+1)2

n2= lim

n→∞

n(n + 1)

2n2

limn→∞

n2 + n

2n2

Now let’s apply our technique.Let’s divide everything by n2:

limn→∞

��n2

��n2+ �n

n�2

2��n2

��n2

= limn→∞

1 +���0

1n

2=

1

2

Page 60: Limits at Infinity, Part 2