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Presentation delivered by Tom Baker at Linked Open Data @ AIMS Webinars. http://aims.fao.org/linked-open-data-webinars-at-aims http://aims.fao.org/linked-open-data-webinars-at-aims/tom-baker Abstract ------------- Linking data into the Semantic Web means more than just making data available on a Web server. It means using Web addresses (URIs) in data as names for things; tagging resources using those URIs - for example, URIs for agricultural topics from AGROVOC; and using URIs to point to related resources. This talk walks through a simple example to show how linking works in practice, illustrating RDF technology with animated graphics. It concludes with a recipe for linking your data: Decide what bits of your data are most important, such as Subject, Author, and Publisher. Use URIs in your data, whenever possible, such as Subject terms from AGROVOC. Then publish your data in RDF on the Web where others can link to it. Simple solutions can be enough to yield good results.
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Linking your resourcesto the Data Web
Thomas BakerDublin Core Metadata Initiative
Linked Open Data @ AIMS4 December2012
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Linking Open Datacloud diagramby Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzschhttp://lod-cloud.net/
Data Web – the Cloud…
Data Web – zooming in…
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AGRIS record
AGROVOC concept
DBPediaconcept
VIVO Expert
BBC Web page
BBC News
Wikipediapage
How to link data into the “Semantic” Web
1. Publish your data on the Web.
2. Use Web addresses (URIs) as names for things.
3. Tag your resources with URIs (Agrovoc!).
4. Pointing to related resources with URIs.
See: http://aims.fao.org/sites/default/files/CIARD-2011-06-10.pdf http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html
Describe things in a standard, reusable way
Simple “statements” using bits of data to describe things.
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ResourcerelatedTo
ResourceA ResourceB
ResourcedescribedBy
ResourceA Text data
RDF – the grammar for data statements
These are called “triples”.
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ResourcetranslatedBy
http://bookA http://personB
ResourcehasName
http://personB “Alan Oh”
EXAMPLE: “LINKING” TWO RESOURCES
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Resource A: Article indexed in AGRIS database
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Topic of the articleIs “acrididae”, i.e.“grasshoppers”.
One author is named“Lu Hui”.
Statements about Resource A as “pseudo-triples”
Subject Predicate Object
Resource A has the Title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死亡率的研究
Resource A has an Author Lu Hui
Resource A has a Topic Acrididae (grasshoppers)
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Triplifying the description…
Subject Predicate Object
agris:CN2009002389 has the Title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死亡率的研究
agris:CN2009002389 has an Author Lu Hui
agris:CN2009002389 has a Topic Acrididae (grasshoppers)
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Resource A is identified by the URI http://agris.fao.org/resource/CN2009002389.Let’s abbreviate this as agris:CN2009002389.
Triplifying the description…
Subject Predicate Object
agris:CN2009002389 has the Title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死亡率的研究
agris:CN2009002389 has an Author agris-author:luhui
agris:CN2009002389 has a Topic Acrididae (grasshoppers)
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The author is identified by the URI http://agris.fao.org/author/luhui.Let’s abbreviate this as agris-author:luhui.
Triplifying the description…
Subject Predicate Object
agris:CN2009002389 has the Title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死亡率的研究
agris:CN2009002389 has an Author agris-author:luhui
agris-author:luhui has the Name Lu Hui
agris:CN2009002389 has a Topic Acrididae (grasshoppers)
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The author agris-author:luhui has the name Lu Hui.
Triplifying the description…
Subject Predicate Object
agris:CN2009002389 has the Title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死亡率的研究
agris:CN2009002389 has an Author agris-author:luhui
agris-author:luhui has the Name Lu Hui
agris:CN2009002389 has a Topic agrovoc:c_4416
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The topic is identified by the URI http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4416.Let’s abbreviate this as agrovoc:c_4416.
Triplifying the description…
Subject Predicate Object
agris:CN2009002389 has the Title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死亡率的研究
agris:CN2009002389 has an Author agris-author:luhui
agris-author:luhui has the Name Lu Hui
agris:CN2009002389 has a Topic agrovoc:c_4416
agrovoc:c_4416 has preferred label Acrididae (en)
agrovoc:c_4416 has preferred label 蝗科 (zh)
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The description of http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4416 in the AGROVOCConcept Scheme tells us how this concept is labeled in English and in Chinese.
Triplifying the description…
Subject Predicate Object
agris:CN2009002389 dct:title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死亡率的研究
agris:CN2009002389 has an Author agris-author:luhui
agris-author:luhui has the Name Lu Hui
agris:CN2009002389 has a Topic agrovoc:c_4416
agrovoc:c_4416 has preferred label Acrididae (en)
agrovoc:c_4416 has preferred label 蝗科 (zh)
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The Dublin Core element “Title” is identified by the URI http://purl.org/dc/terms/title.Let’s abbreviate this as dct:title.
Triplifying the description…
Subject Predicate Object
agris:CN2009002389 dct:title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死亡率的研究
agris:CN2009002389 dct:creator agris-author:luhui
agris-author:luhui foaf:name Lu Hui
agris:CN2009002389 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416
agrovoc:c_4416 has preferred label Acrididae (en)
agrovoc:c_4416 has preferred label 蝗科 (zh)
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Ditto for author (i.e., creator) and topic (i.e. subject).Name is defined in the FOAF vocabulary.
Triplifying the description…
Subject Predicate Object
agris:CN2009002389 dct:title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死亡率的研究
agris:CN2009002389 dct:creator agris-author:luhui
agris-author:luhui foaf:name Lu Hui
agris:CN2009002389 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416
agrovoc:c_4416 skos:prefLabel Acrididae (en)
agrovoc:c_4416 skos:prefLabel 蝗科 (zh)
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A property for the preferred label of a concept has been definedIn the Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) vocabulary.
The triples seen as a graph
Subject Predicate Object
agris:CN2009002389 dct:title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死亡率的研究
agris:CN2009002389 dct:creator agris-author:luhui
agris-author:luhui foaf:name Lu Hui
agris:CN2009002389 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416
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agris:CN…389dct:title 典型草…
Lu Hui
agris-author:luhui
dct:subject
agrovoc:c_4416
foaf:name
dct:creator
Resource B: AGRIS article in German
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Triples describing Resource B seen as a graph
Subject Predicate Object
agris:CH2001000179 dct:title Heuschrecken brauchen ökologische Ausgleichsflächen
agris:CH2001000179 dct:creator agris-author:peterb
agris-author:luhui foaf:name Peter, B.
agris:CH2001000179 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416
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agris:CH…179dct:title Heuschrecken
Peter, B.
agris-author:peterb
dct:subject
agrovoc:c_4416
foaf:name
dct:creator
Merging triples for Resource A…
Subject Predicate Object
agris:CN2009002389 dct:title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死亡率的研究
agris:CN2009002389 dct:creator agris-author:luhui
agris-author:luhui foaf:name Lu Hui
agris:CN2009002389 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416
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…with triples for Resource B…
Subject Predicate Object
agris:CN2009002389 dct:title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死亡率的研究
agris:CN2009002389 dct:creator agris-author:luhui
agris-author:luhui foaf:name Lu Hui
agris:CN2009002389 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416
agris:CH2001000179 dct:title Heuschrecken brauchen ökologische Ausgleichsflächen
agris:CH2001000179 dct:creator agris-author:peterb
agris-author:luhui foaf:name Peter, B.
agris:CH2001000179 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416
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The computer detects matching URIs...
Subject Predicate Object
agris:CN2009002389 dct:title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死亡率的研究
agris:CN2009002389 dct:creator agris-author:luhui
agris-author:luhui foaf:name Lu Hui
agris:CN2009002389 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416agris:CH2001000179 dct:title Heuschrecken brauchen
ökologische Ausgleichsflächen
agris:CH2001000179 dct:creator agris-author:peterb
agris-author:luhui foaf:name Peter, B.
agris:CH2001000179 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416
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The computer detects matching URIs...
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agris:CN…389dct:title
典型草…
Lu Hui
agris-author:luhui
dct:subjectagrovoc:c_4416
foaf:name
dct:creator
agris:CH…179dct:title Heuschrecken
Peter, B.
agris-author:peterb
dct:subject
agrovoc:c_4416foaf:name
dct:creator
…and merges (“links”) the graphs into one.
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agris:CN…389dct:title
典型草…
Lu Hui
agris-author:luhui
dct:subject
foaf:name
dct:creator
agris:CH…179dct:title Heuschrecken
Peter, B.
agris-author:peterb
dct:subject
agrovoc:c_4416foaf:name
dct:creator
Resources in differentlanguages, linked by reference to a commonKOS Concept.
An “infinitely expandabledescription”…!
CASTING A WIDER NET
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Orthoptera
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Orthoptera.rdf
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The BBC Grasshopper page links to a news article…
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_8172000/8172168.stm
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…and to a DBPedia category…
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http://dbpedia.org/page/Orthoptera
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…using information extracted from Wikipedia.
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What else links to the DBPedia concept…?
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…the description of an expert!
What else links to the DBPedia concept?
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“exactly matches”
“broader than”
“Six degrees of (linked-data) separation”…
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AGRIS record
AGROVOC concept
DBPediaconcept
VIVO Expert
BBC Web page
BBC News
Wikipediapage
From one record, many links
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AGRIS record
AGROVOC
AGRIS Authors Dublin Core
FOAF
SKOS
Recipe for Linking your Data
1. Decide what bits of your data are most important (eg, Subject, Author, Publisher…).
2. Whenever possible, use URIs (eg, Agrovoc terms) to name those things.
3. Publish your data in RDF on the Web, where others can link to it.
4. Keep it simple. Simple solutions can be enough to yield good results.