FRBR & RDA:Relationships in Cataloging

LIS 653Spring 2014

Starr Hoffman

Goals…

Understand a little about the FRBR model (relationships & entities)

Think about how FRBR could change OPAC result displays

Understand that RDA uses FRBR as a basis for new rules

FRBR lays groundwork for Linked Open Data functions…

How it All Fits Together

Record(representation of bibliographic

information)

Code (rules:

AACR2, RDA)

Encoding (MARC, XML)

Authority control (standardized author name: J. R. R. Tolkien)

Structure (ISBD, XML)

Subject headings (LCSH, Sears,

AAT)

Classification (shelving: LC,

Dewey)

Model (FRBR, trad.

model)

Record is displayed in an OPAC, online database, etc.

Format(MARC,

Dublin Core)

FRBR: a model of relationships

FRBR =

Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records

Developed in 1998 by IFLA IFLA: international library organization (International Federation of Library

Associations and Institutions)

A conceptual model Not: a system design, record structure, content standard, or encoding format

Organizes information objects in groups based on their function/role in the bibliographic universe

Deals with relationships: between works/items, between works and derivative works, between works and people, etc.

Identifies user tasks (find, identify, select, obtain/access, list)

FRBR Entities

Group 1: products of intellectual/artistic endeavor:

Work: a distinct intellectual or artistic creation Expression: the realization of a work Manifestation: the physical embodiment of an

expression of a work Item: a specific, single copy of a manifestation

WORK: Jane Austen’s Emma

EXPRESSION: English recording of the text

MANIFESTATION: • 1) CD audiobook (read by Juliet Stevenson in

2006)• 2) Mp3 (read by Wanda McCaddon in 2008)

ITEM: Specific copy of the CD audiobook held at NYPLSpecific copy of the CD audiobook at CUNY

FRBR Entities: Group 1

isrealized through

isembodied

in

isexemplified

by

-- Call number: CD FIC A-- Call number: Audiobooks PA 36

WORK: Jane Austen’s Emma

EXPRESSION: English text

MANIFESTATION: • Hardback first edition, 1815 • Reprinted 1972 edition, introduction by R.

Blythe

ITEM: Specific copy of the 1972 paperback, personal copy Specific copy of the 1972 edition at NYPL

FRBR Entities: Group 1

isrealized through

isembodied

in

isexemplified

by

-- Call number: Classics FIC A

WORK: Jane Austen’s Emma

EXPRESSION:

English text

MANIFESTATION: • Hardback first edition,

1815 • Reprinted 1972 edition,

introduction by R. Blythe

ITEM: Personal copy,1972 paperback

NYPL copy of 1972 edition

FRBR Relationships

-- Call number: Classics FIC A

WORK: 1996 film Emma

EXPRESSION: English recording

MANIFESTATION: • Collector’s edition DVD • Theatrical release Blu-ray

ITEM: Personal copy of DVD NYPL copy of Blu-ray

Formed basis for derivative

work…

FRBR Entities

Group 2: persons (or corporate bodies) responsible for the intellectual/artistic content, physical production and dissemination, or custodianship of a work. Examples:

Harper Collins, the publisher of a work Jane Austen, the author of a work

FRBR Entities: Groups 1 & 2

Jane Austen

created…WORK: Emma

Jane Austen

realized this work as…

EXPRESSION: English text

Penguin Publisher

s

published / produced…

MANIFESTATION:

Reprinted 1972 edition of

Emma

NYPL owns…ITEM:

Shelved at 58th street branch

Gro

up

2:

pers

on o

r co

rpora

te b

ody

RELATIONSHIPS

RELATIONSHIPS

Gro

up

1:

inte

llect

ual or

art

isti

c en

deavor

FRBR Entities

Group 3: subjects of an intellectual/artistic endeavor—may be a concept, object, event, place, and/or any Group 1 or Group 2 entity, Examples:

The French Revolution the event that is the subject of the musical Les Miz

Jane Austen an author of books (Group 2) who is the subject of the

movie Becoming Jane

FRBR Compared to Other Models

One-entity model (an inventory) Each individual copy (or item) has its own record

Two-entity model (currently common) Catalog records represent editions (FRBR manifestations) that may have multiple

copies (items) Current catalog records are often at this level, with holdings information for each item

(number of copies, call numbers)

Three-entity model Catalog that uses consistent uniform titles Multiple expressions are not collocated

Four-entity model (FRBR) Works/expressions are collocated Long results lists are compacted Easier for user who only cares about the work (i.e., “I want to read Jane Austen’s

Emma, I don’t care what edition”) to quickly find all available items of that work Easier for user to find related works (i.e., movies adapted from books) V/FRBR test catalog: Scherzo: http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/projects/vfrbr/

Example: search for work “Moonlight Sonata” Previous Indiana catalog: list of over 100 results, displayed in reverse chronological order,

included unrelated books

So… What about RDA?

RDA started as AACR3 (new cataloging rules) in 2004/2005

Renamed to indicate a break from the AACR tradition

Based on FRBR model of bibliographic relationships

Changes in RDA from AACR2 (Benefits)

Most changes (AACR2 to RDA) implemented with batch modifications Some require manual updates

RDA organized according to entities (FRBR’s 3 groups) rather than format (AACR2) Move away from GMD (general material designation) Catalog format separately from content More flexibility, create records for new formats

RDA better handles Group 2 entities (responsible persons/corporate bodies) Account for creators/contributors other than “authors” AACR2/MARC 245 statement of responsibility not explicit about

responsibility (RDA is) Move away from “Rule of Three” (multiple authors)

AACR2 to RDA ExampleExample: book titled, Managing Bird Damage to Fruit and Other Horticultural Crops, coauthored by John Tracy, Mary Bomford, Quentin Hart, Glen Saunders, and Ron Sinclair. (Example created by Adam Schiff at the University of Washington Libraries: http://rdabasics.com/2012/09/10/specific-changes-from-aacr2-to-rda/)

AACR2 would code the book thusly in MARC: 245 00  $a Managing bird damage to fruit and other

horticultural crops / John Tracey … [et al.]. 700 1_  $a Tracey, John Paul.

RDA codes the book in MARC this way: 100 1_  $a Tracey, John Paul, $e author. 245 10  $a Managing bird damage to fruit and other

horticultural crops / John Tracey, Mary Bomford, Quentin Hart, Glen Saunders, Ron Sinclair.

700 1_ $a Bomford, Mary, $e author. 700 1_ $a Hart, Quentin, $e author. 700 1_ $a Saunders, Glen, $e author. 700 1_ $a Sinclair, Ron, $e author.

Takeaways for FRBR & RDA

FRBR is about relationships between entities

RDA is a new catalog code (rules) based on the FRBR model of entities & relationships

There is controversy over RDA (too much change, not enough change, just enough)

Many (not all) libraries are gradually adopting RDA in their cataloging

For now, MARC remains the record format/encoding standard

As with AACR2 or metadata description rules, the basic principles of info org. remain the same: “Say what you see” – describe the info object Think about your collection’s users:

How are they likely to search for this object? How can you make this object easy to discover?