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What we talk about when
we talk about
Argument
Let’s start with a claim
Women should be allowed to fight in US
combat units
1) They are physically capable.2) Their presence would weaken gender stereotypes.3) This would expand the opportunities for women in the military.
Because...
1) They are physically capable.
What is the implied assumption?
Because...
2) Their presence would weaken gender stereotypes.
What is the implied assumption?
Because...
3)This would expand the opportunities for women in the military.
What is the implied assumption?
Because...
Stephen Toulmin
Terms:
ClaimReasonWarrant
Used to be called “implied assumption”
Example:
ClaimReasonWarrant
I shouldn’t have to take Algebra
because I want to be a lawyer
career utility should be the main justification for class requirements
Your Turn:
ClaimReasonWarrant
You should have to take algebra...
??????
??????
An Argument:Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones
...because they prevent kids from developing empathy.
ReasonClaim
An Argument:Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones
...because they prevent kids from developing empathy.
ReasonClaim
Grounds •testimony from kids•research connecting technology use with negative behavior on-and offline
So Far:
ClaimReasonWarrant
Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones
...because they prevent kids from developing empathy.
Developing empathy is an crucial element of growing up that parents should nurture.
So Far:
ClaimReason
Backing
Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones
...because they prevent kids from developing empathy.
Arguments that show how important empathy is a child/adult’s life.
Almost Done
Two More terms:
RebuttalQualifier
Two More terms:
RebuttalThe opposing argument against your claim
Two More terms:
RebuttalCellphones should be allowed because they help kids connect with their peers.
Two More terms:
The degree to which you are confident in your claim.
Qualifier
Two More terms:
Cellphones should DEFINITELY be banned
Qualifier
Two More terms:
Cellphones should POSSIBLY be banned
Qualifier
Two More terms:
We should consider whether cellphones should be banned.
Qualifier
OK, your turn:
WarrantBackingGrounds
ReasonClaim
RebuttalQualifier
OK, your turn:
WarrantBackingGrounds
ReasonClaim
RebuttalQualifier
All students should be required to take AP Language in order to graduate.