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Low Vision:Developed by:Julie Garden-Robinson, Ph.D., R.D., L.R.D., Food and Nutrition SpecialistSherri Stastny, Ph.D., R.D., C.S.S.D., L.R.D., Assistant Professor, Health, Nutrition and Exercise SciencesCasey Kjera, R.D., Program Assistant (former)Krystle McNeal, R.D., Program Assistant (former)Stacy Wang, R.D., L.R.D., Extension Associate

A Guide for Educators

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Support and review of this project was provided by:

• A Healthy Vision Community Grant from the National Eye Institute in collaboration with the North Dakota Optometric Association

• Dr. Michael Ranum, Low-vision Specialist, Dakota Eye Institute

• Susan Ray-Deggs, NDSU College of Human Development and Education

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What is low vision?

Adapting the environment

Overview

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What is low vision?

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20/70 to 20/400

Cannot be corrected with glasses, contact lenses or surgery

Interferes with daily activities

Low Vision

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What is having low vision like?

20/70 20/200 20/400Photo courtesy of theCao Thang International Eye Hospital

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Symptoms

• Loss of central vision

• Loss of visual field

• Loss of color vision

• Loss of ability to adjust to glare

• Loss of ability to see in dark areas

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Causes

Macular degeneration

Cataracts

Glaucoma

Diabetic retinopathy

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Normal Vision

Photo courtesy of the National Eye Institute

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Macular Degeneration

Photo courtesy of the National Eye Institute

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Cataracts

Photo courtesy of the National Eye Institute

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Glaucoma

Photo courtesy of the National Eye Institute

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Diabetic Retinopathy

Photo courtesy of the National Eye Institute

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Risk Factors

Uncontrolled diabetes

Poor diet and obesity

Smoking

Poor health habits

Aging

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Statistics

3.5 million Americans have low vision

180 million people worldwide have low vision

The number of people affected is expected to

double in the coming years

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Presenting to Those with Low Vision

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Font Styles

•Do not use BroadwayNo

•Do not use Lucida CalligraphyNo

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Font: Print

GeorgiaCourier

New

Times New Roman

Arial

Bookman Old Style

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Font: Projecting

Arial Tahoma

VerdanaCentury Gothic

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Font Size: Print

• Do not use 12-point

No

• Do not use 14-point

No

• 16- to 18- point font is best

Yes

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Font Size: Projecting

• Use at least 32-point font

Yes

• Use at least 36-point font for titles

Yes

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Font Style

• Italicized

No

• Standard

No

• Bold

Yes

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Color: Print

Black letters on a white background are ideal for printed handouts/brochures.

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Color: Projection

White letters on a black background are easiest to read.

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Color

Colored letters on a

colored backgroundare very hard to

read.

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DocumentAdaptation

Allow extra space between lines of text

Avoid shiny or glossy paper

Limit the use of ALL CAPS

Use a standard format

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Controlling Glare

Cover windows with blinds or drapes

Use shades on lamps

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Things to Note:

The best method is to ask individuals what the easiest way is for them to learn.

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Remember This?

Diabetic Retinopathy

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Peanut Butter Sandwich and Glass of Water Challenge!

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Resourceshttp://aota.org/Consumers/consumers/Adults/LowVision/35190.aspx

http://nei.nih.gov/lowvision

http://ndvisionservices.com

http://ndipat.org

http://lowvisionchef.com

www.shoplowvision.com

http://assistivetech.nethttp://ameds.com/daily-living-aids/eating-aids/adaptive-eating-utensils.html

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Resourceshttp://Lowvision.org

http://lighthouse.org/navh

www.visionaware.org

www.lowvision.com/tips

www.afb.org/section.aspx?FolderID=2&SectionID=4&DocumentID=1452cclvi.org/large-print-guidelines.html

www.goingblindmovie.com: “Going Blind: Coming Out of the Dark About Vision Loss”

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Click icon to add picture

References• Adam R, and Pickering D. Where are all the clients? Barriers to referral for low vision

rehabilitation. Visual Impairment Research. 2007;(9):45-50.• American Academy of Ophthalmology. 2001. There is hope for those with age-related macular

degeneration. Retrieved Nov. 13, 2004 from www.medem.com/medlb.• Holbrook EA, Caputo JL, Perry TL, Fuller DK, Morgan DW. Physical activity, body

composition, and perceived quality of life of adults with visual impairments. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness. 2009;103:17–29.

• Kammer R, et al. Survey of optometric low vision rehabilitation training methods for the moderately visually impaired. Optometry. 2009;(80):185-192.

• Lamoureux E, et al. The effectiveness of low-vision rehabilitation on participation in daily living and quality of life. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2007;(48):1476-1482.

• LowVisionFAQ. www.washington.edu/doit/Faculty/Strategies/Disability/Vision/low_vision_faq.html

• Mamer L, et al. Food experiences and eating patterns of visually impaired and blind people. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice & Research. 2009;(70)1:13-18. CINAHL Plus with Full Text. Web. May 31, 2012.

• Marinoff R. Referral patterns in low vision: a survey of mid-south tri-state eye care providers. Journal of Behavioral Optometry. 2012;(23):9-15.

P: 555.123.4568 F: 555.123.4567123 West Main Street, New York, NY 10001

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References• Massof R. Low vision and blindness: changing perspective and increasing success. Braille

Monitor. 2006;(49)10:40-43. Web. June 6, 2012. https://nfb.org/images/nfb/publications/bm/bm06/bm0610/bm061005.htm.

• Misiano J. Low vision requires innovative prevention and treatment strategies. Ocular Surgery News. 2008;(26)2:41-42. CINAHL Plus with Full Text. Web. May 31, 2012.

• National Eye Institute. www.nei.nih.gov

• Pizzimenti J. Low vision rehabilitation for persons living with retinal disease. Presentation at the North Dakota Optometric Congress, Bismarck, N.D. September 2012.

• Pizzimenti J. The eye in obesity. Presentation at the North Dakota Optometric Congress, Bismarck, N.D. September 2012.

• Ray-Deggs S. Peer review lighting and kitchen. Presentation at the North Dakota Optometric Congress, Bismarck, N.D. September 2012.

• Russell-Minda E, Jutai JW, Strong G, Campbell KA, Gold D, Pretty L, Wilmot L. The legibility of typefaces for readers with low vision: a research review. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness. 2007;(101):402-415.

• Wilkin C. Designing educational programs for older adults. University of Florida IFAS Extension. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy631 Publication Date: 2008. Accessed May 5, 2013

• World Blind Union and Cornell University ILR School. PowerPoint accessibility. http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1299&context=gladnetcollect. Publication Date: 2006. Accessed Sept. 10, 2012.