Luis%Vidigal%

!Working!in!a!digital!and!inclusive!government%

Luís%Vidigal%

APDSI%

%

Peniche,%2015%June%4th%

1%

Luis%Vidigal%

Summary%

•  The!Context!–  Economic%and%social%crises%– New%approaches%with%ICT%%

•  My!research!– OrganizaIonal%Interoperability%–  Life%events%and%collaboraIon%radar%

•  Working!in!e9Government!!–  ReducIon%and%creaIon%of%jobs%–  CiIzenship%mediators%%

2%

Luis%Vidigal%

The!Context%

3%

Luis%Vidigal%

!!!!!!!!Networked!!!!!!!!!State!

!!!!!!!!New!Public!Service!

XXI

State%Models%From%Government%to%Governance%

4

!!!!!!!Business!!!!!!!!!State!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!New!Public!Management!

80th XX

BureaucraAc!State!

Weberian!

20th XX

Administered% Client% CiIzen%

We are here

Luis%Vidigal%

Walking%through%ICT%in%AdministraIve%ModernizaIon%in%the%last%40%years%

5%

Luis%Vidigal% 6%

EU%(2013).%Public%Services%Online%“Digital%by%Default%or%by%Detour?":%Assessing%User%Centric%eGovernment%performance%in%Europe%–%eGovernment%Benchmark%2012.%Final%Insight%Report.%A"study"prepared"for"the"European"Commission"DG"Communica7ons"Networks,"Content"&"Technology.%

We%are%the%Champions?%

Luis%Vidigal%

User`Centric%e`Government%

7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

MT% PT% ES% EE% IE% FI% AT% NL% SE% DK% IT% FR% LV% LT% PL% BE% EU28% UK% SI% DE% LU% BG% CY% CZ% HR% EL% HU% RO% SK%

User-Centric eGovernment in the EU (2012-2013)

Luis%Vidigal%

Transparent%e`Government%

8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

MT% EE% PT% AT% LT% ES% FR% FI% LV% SE% DK% SI% NL% BE% IT% EU28% IE% HR% UK% BG% PL% LU% CY% DE% CZ% HU% EL% SK% RO%

Transparent eGovernment in the EU (2012-2013)

Luis%Vidigal%

Digital%Competences%in%PopulaIon%

9%Fonte:%Digital%Agenda%Scoreboard%2014%

Luis%Vidigal%

e`Government%usage%So%much%services%and%so%few%users...%

10%

0%%10%%20%%30%%40%%50%%60%%70%%80%%90%%100%%

DK% NL% SE% FI% FR% LU% AT% SI% BE% DE% EE% IE% ES% EU28% UK% PT% HU% EL% LV% LT% SK% MT% CY% CZ% HR% PL% BG% IT% RO%

eGovernment use by citizens in the last 12 months

2012 2013 Source: EUROSTAT

Target%•  50%%of%populaIon%using%e`Government%in%2015%SituaIon%in%2013%•  41%%in%EU%ande%36%%in%Portugal%

Luis%Vidigal%

Aier%all%it%seems%that%we%are%not%the%best%on%demand%side…%

11%

Luis%Vidigal%

Economic!and!social!crises!!

12%

Luis%Vidigal%

Growth%Paradox%

13%

Importance!of!strong!public!administraAon!for!the!success!of!all!other!reforms!!

Necessary!fiscal!consolidaAon!

Financial!Austerity!

State!

Squeeze%

OECD%(2013).%“Bemer%Policies”%Series:%Portugal%`%Reforming%the%State%to%promote%Growth,%May%

Luis%Vidigal%

The%promise%“miracle”%of%“Troika”%

14%

State!

Growth!

Luis%Vidigal%

A%big%Risk%

15%

A%destroyed,%unmoIvated%and%inefficient%state%becomes%an%amracIon%

for%illegaliIes%and%corrupIon%%

Sovereignty!eroded!!

•  external%intervenIon%%•  poliIcal%discrediIng%%•  devaluaIon%of%the%role%of%the%state%%

•  etc.%

PopulaAon!divided!

•  young%against%old%•  private%sector%against%public%sector%

•  employed%against%unemployed%

•  etc.%%

Luis%Vidigal%

Efficiency%opIons%

16%

Resources!(inputs)!

decrease!and!outputs!increase!!

Resources!remain!the!same!and!outputs!increase!!

Resources!increase!but!outputs!

increase!by!an!even!larger!amount!

Outputs!remains!staAc!but!resources!decrease!!

Outputs!decrease!but!

inputs!decrease!by!an!even!

larger!amount!!

Growth!

State!AutomaAon! State!ReducAon!•  reducIons%in%public%

salaries%and%pensions%•  sale%of%more%public%

assets%

State!

Austerity!Pollim%and%Bouckaert%(2011)%%OpAmisAc!

Outcomes%and%EffecIveness%%PessimisAc!

Outputs%and%Efficiency%%

Luis%Vidigal%

Efficiency%opIons%

17%

Resources!(inputs)!

decrease!and!outputs!increase!!

Resources!remain!the!same!and!outputs!increase!!

Resources!increase!but!outputs!

increase!by!an!even!larger!amount!

Outputs!remains!staAc!but!resources!decrease!!

Outputs!decrease!but!

inputs!decrease!by!an!even!

larger!amount!!

Growth!

State!

Austerity!Pollim%and%Bouckaert%(2011)%%OpAmisAc!

Outcomes%and%EffecIveness%%PessimisAc!

Outputs%and%Efficiency%%

IT!providers%are%very%opAmisAc!!

Survey:%80%experts%from%the%public%and%private%sectors%`%members%of%a%permanent%group%for%PA%(APDSI,%2013)%%

Managers!from!PA!are%very%pessimisAc%%

Luis%Vidigal%

AlternaAve!ways!for!State!Reform!

18%

ReducAon!of!State!•  Staff%reducIon%•  Cuqng%salaries%and%pensions%•  Sale%of%assets%

Estado

Austerity!

Doing!less!with!much!less!

Radical%benefits%Efficiency%and%ProducIvity!

AutomaAon!of!State!•  eAGovernment"•  DematerializaIon%•  Interoperability%•  Priority%to%CiIzen%•  CollaboraIon%•  Sharing%!

Growth

Doing!much!more!with!less!

985%!

Luis%Vidigal%

NPM!in%Portugal%has%been%Upside%Down%

19%

Luis%Vidigal%

Agencies,%Markets%and%Partnerships%

More!Authonomy!

More!Control!and!

Accountability!

Yes,!but…!!

20%

Luis%Vidigal%

Post`NPM%and%New%Weberian%approaches%with%

ICT!

21%

Luis%Vidigal%

Centrifugal%or%centripetal%force%

22%

Luis%Vidigal%

RecentralizaAon!in!Ames!of!crisis!

Public! Private!

CentralizaAon!

Autonomy!

Central!integraAon!and!strengthening!

of!the!State!

23%

DILEMA!Liberal!poliAcs!

Luis%Vidigal%

RecentralizaAon!in!Ames!of!crisis!

Public! Private!

CentralizaAon!of!InformaAon!

Autonomy!and!Accountability!

24%

With!ICT!

Luis%Vidigal%

AdministraIve%Reform%in%Post%NPM%

25%

CiAzen9centric!•  Whole%of%Government%•  Joined%up%Government%•  CollaboraIve%Government%

AutomaAon!•  e`Government%•  Digital%Era%Governance%•  Real%Time%Government%

Government!TransformaAon!

!

Luis%Vidigal%

AdministraIve%burden%reducIon%roadmap%in%EU%

26%

Once!only!strategies!

Impact:%•  Cost%minimizaIon%•  Benefit%maximizaIon%

Time%

EU%(2014).%Study%on%eGovernment%and%the%ReducIon%of%AdministraIve%Burden%

SimplificaAon!and!personalizaAon!strategies!

Digital!by!default!strategies!

Luis%Vidigal%

Pos`NPM%CiIzen`oriented%

27%

Joined!up!Government%

TransformaAonal!Government%

Whole!of!Government%

New!Weberian! Rebuilt!

public!values!

Come!together!

CollaboraAve!Governance%

HolisAc!Governance%

Luis%Vidigal%

My!research%

28%

Luis%Vidigal%

The%road%from%e`Government%to%e`Governance%

Presence!

InteracAon!

TransacAon!

TransformaAon!

e9Democracy!

Adapted%from%Siau%&%Long%(2005)%

Cultural!and!PoliAcal!challenges!

Openness!CollaboraAon!ParAcipaAon!Transparency!Mutual!Trust!

29%

Luis%Vidigal%

ExpectaIons%and%realiIes%for%e`Gov%

E`Gov%to%increase%the%efficiency%and%effecIveness%of%

the%PA%

ExpectaAons! Capture%of%the%state%by%private%interests%

State%organizaIonal%breakdown%

MulIple%repositories%and%informaIonal%entropy%

Weakness%and%lack%of%confidence%in%state%

Short`term%ICT%policy%adopIon%(euphoria%/%rejecIon)%

RealiAes!

Broken!state!

30%

Luis%Vidigal%

It%is%urgent%to%change%focus%

Power!oriented%

CiAzen!oriented%

31%

Luis%Vidigal% 32%

AdministraIon%by%Network?%Interoperability?%

Organizacional “Peopleware” (Will)

Informacional / Semantics “Infoware” (Línguage)

Technological “ Software” and “Hardware” (infrastructure)

It is here that everything fails

Joined%up…!%

Whole%of…!%

Transform…!%

Digital…!%

Luis%Vidigal%

Interoperability%for%service%

SemanAc!Interoperability!

Technological!Interoperability!

Organizacional!Interoperability!

Basic!Process! Citizens Enterprises

33%

Luis%Vidigal%

It!is!here!that!everything!fails!

Interoperability%

Legal%

OrganizaIonal%

SemanIc%

Technological%

34%

OrganizaIonal%

Luis%Vidigal%

Holes%in%the%Whole%of%Government%

35%

Luis%Vidigal%

Holes%in%the%Whole%of%Government%

36%

300! 5! 300! 5!

Speed!of!Lazy!snails!

Luis%Vidigal%

Ministry%1% Ministry%2% Ministry%3% Ministry%n%

Time!Cost!Quality!

Maturity!Stages!for!e9Government!Andersen%e%Henriksen%(2006)%Layne%e%Lee%(2001)%

Dep.%A%

Dep.%C%

Dep.%n%

Closed!NPM!Entrepreneurship! What!Strategy!

What!leadership!

Audiences!

Life!Events!

x x x x%

x x x x%

x x x x%

x x x x%

x x x x%

x x x x%

Reality%of%“to%be”%(Closed)%

NormaI

vity%of%“shou

ld%be”%(Shared)%

A%wider%horizontal%vision%of%public%services%

Closed%“Consultocracy”%Denis%Saint%MarIn%(2000;%2007)%

Dep.%B%

CoproducAon!of!value!John%Alford%(2009)%

37%

Luis%Vidigal%

Structures%and%Processes%

Structures

Processes

In Out

A!dual!role!

38%

Luis%Vidigal%

Birth%

NaI

onality%

Family%

Health%

Social%protecIon

%

Security%/%Defen

ce%

EducaI

on%/%Culture%

Environm

ent%

Hou

sing%

Car%/%Mob

ility%

JusIce%

Taxes%

Busine

ss%

Employmen

t%

Savings%/%Co

nsum

e%

Death%

Child%/%Youth%

Woman%

Student%

Worker%

Businessman%

Sick%person%

Disabled%

Difficult%condiIons%

Emigrant%

Immigrant%

Traveler%

Tourist%

Car%driver%

Criminal%

ReIred%

Elderly%

Table%of%pub

lic%roles%/%Life

%events%(Services)%

Events%/%Services%

Public%/%Roles%

39%

Luis%Vidigal%

14%Systems%/%Life%Events%TransformaIonal%and%collaboraIve%

•  Born%ciIzen%•  CiIzen%card%•  Social%benefits%•  Health%moderator%fee%

•  Buying%a%house%%•  Changing%address%•  CreaIng%a%business%

•  Car%documents%

•  Zero%Licencing%•  CerIficate%of%no%debt%•  Sharing%business%data%•  Industrial%licence%•  Death%cerIficate%•  Interoperability%plaworm%

40%

Luis%Vidigal%

0%1%2%3%4%5%6%7%8%9%

10%Rules%and%Procedures%

Governance%

Leadership%

Mutuality%

Autonomy%

Trust%

Strategic%vision%

Interdepartamental%vision%

Life`events%orientaIon%

Sharing%technical%and%human%resources%

Sharing%funancial%resources%

Sharing%data%

CollaboraAon!Radar!

41%

Luis%Vidigal%

CriIcal%success%factors%for%e`Government%in%Portugal%

1. Strategic%vision%2. PoliIcal%support%3. CiIzen`orientaIon%4.  Interdepartmental%vision%

5. OperaIonal%leadership%("champion")%%

42%

Survey:%80%experts%from%the%public%and%private%sectors%`%members%of%a%permanent%group%for%PA%(APDSI,%2013)%%

OrganizaAona

l!

Interoperabilit

y!!

Luis%Vidigal%

Working!in!e9Government!!

43%

Luis%Vidigal%

Different%change%rhythms%

44%

New!Technologies! New!Paradigms!

Luis%Vidigal%

From%documents%to%processes%

45%

Power!around!Papers!

Power!around!Flows!

Transparency!and!Accountability!

Luis%Vidigal%

Your%Excellency%the%Paper%

(Un)Producivity Paradox 46%

Luis%Vidigal%

Digital%collaboraIon%

47%

Luis%Vidigal%

Changing%to%digital%by%default%It%is%not%easy…%

48%

Luis%Vidigal%

Finish%all%cerIficates%and%vouchers!%

Proof!me!of!who!you!are!

Proof!me!that!you!don’t!have!debts!to!the!State!

Cer7ficates"and"vouchers"are"“bits”"and"web"services"

Once Only

Proof!me!that!you!are!not!a!criminal!

People! Enterprises! Territory! Vehicles!

49%

Luis%Vidigal%

Sharing%for%quality%

50%

Degree!of!InformaAon!

sharing!

Quality!of!service!

Once Only

Luis%Vidigal%

Remove%arbitrariness%

The!real!Law!is!in!the!algorithm!

Recover%•  Accountability%•  CoordinaIon%•  Transparency%•  Equality%•  ImparIality%%

New%Weberian%and%post%NPM%%

From uncertainity of More or Less To%the%certainity%of%Yes!or!Not!51%

Luis%Vidigal%

WaiIng%Ime%is%proporIonal%to%corrupIon%

Time

Cor

rupt

ion

52%

Luis%Vidigal%

A%new%model%for%the%state%reform%

Shared!repositories!(data%orientated)%

Processes!and!Com

muniAes!

(life%events%orient

ed)%

People% Companies% Territory% Vehicles%

Re9think!OrganizaAonal!Structures!for!e9Government!

Re9think

!Social!N

etworks!fo

r!e9Go

vernan

ce!

•  Openness%•  CollaboraIon%•  ParIcipaIon%•  Transparency%•  Mutual%Trust%

53%

CiAzen

ship!(P

ublic%Engagem

ent)%

ProducAvity!(CollaboraIve%Services)%

Luis%Vidigal%

Bad%and%good%

Unemployment! Employment!

54%

Luis%Vidigal%

•  Dream!•  Inovate!•  Create!•  Communicate!•  Give!affecAon!•  Decide!

Information & Knowledge Cognitive &

nonroutine tasks

Dave!

2001 Space Odissey (Stanley Kubrick - 1968)

Knowledge!Worker!

•  Search!•  Collect!•  Copy!•  Compare!•  Put!in!order!•  Calculate!•  Measure!•  Verify!•  Archive!

Energy & Data routine &

mechanical tasks

55%

Luis%Vidigal%

Energy!

+

56%

Luis%Vidigal%

Knowledge!

+

57%

Luis%Vidigal%

47%%jobs%will%desapear%due%to%computerizaIon%

58%

Frey†,%Carl%Benedikt%&%Michael%A.%Osborne%(2013).%The%Future%of%Employment:%How%SuscepIble%are%Jobs%to%ComputerisaIon?%Oxford%University%Engineering%Sciences%Department%and%the%Oxford%MarIn%Programme%on%the%Impacts%of%Future%Technology,%in%Workshop%“Machines%and%Employment”,%September%17th%

Stop%Advance%

Most!of!administraAve!jobs!is!heare!

Luis%Vidigal%

ReducIon%and%creaIon%of%intermediate%jobs%

59%

technology increasingly replaces medium-skilled jobs, leading to earnings polarisation

OCDE%(2014).%Policy%Challenges%for%the%Next%50%Years.%Economic%Policy%Paper,%July%No.%9%(Braconier%et%al.,%2014;%Goos%et%al.,%2010;%Causa%et%al.,%2014)%

“Citizenship mediators”%

Luis%Vidigal%

Digital%divide%and%Universal%Service%

60%

Contact%Center%

Local%Assistance%

Kiosk%

ZYX! CBA!Inclusion% Exclusion%

Luis%Vidigal%

One%Stop%Shop%

61%

Stop!

Go!

Life!Event!

Luis%Vidigal%

CiIzenship%mediators%From%Power%to%Service%

62%

!!!!!CITIZEN!SPACE!

Luis%Vidigal%

From%Shopping%Centers%to%Universal%Digital%Services%

63%

!!!!!CITIZEN!SPACE!

•  Decentralized%around%the%country%•  Integrated%and%oriented%to%life%events%•  Cheap%

•  Centralized%in%big%ciIes%•  Disintegrated%•  Costly%

!!!!!CITIZEN!SHOP!

Luis%Vidigal%

E`Competences%%What%amract%and%retain%in%the%state?%

64%

A%–%Plan%%B%–%Build%%C%–%Run%D%–%Enable%E%–%Manage%

hmp://profiletool.ecompetences.eu%

3.0%(2014)%

Luis%Vidigal%

Officials%and%departments%are%more%exposed%to%society%

65%

Luis%Vidigal%

Extend%Ime%and%space%as%soon%as%possible%

Tim

e

Space 66%

Luis%Vidigal%

Thank%you%

67%

Phone:%+351%963459044%Skype:%luis.vidigal1%!Blog:!hmp://mudaroestado.blogspot.com!Facebook:!hmp://www.facebook.com/lvidigal!Linkedin:!hmp://www.linkedin.com/in/luisvidigal%Twider:!@luisvidigal%PresentaAons:!hmp://www.slideshare.net/vidigal%Academia:%hmps://ulisboa.academia.edu/LuisVidigal%