Makarajyothi 2011 page 1-50

COLOR

COLORlecjXkgä~j ùMr OqîMem£e MjCXheaÍõM bXMlfnkXakjaä akäf bfùiuXEqèùleChjX aobXMem£ejX ùhCcecõuX

hájÔeKõaclox aãevflõX Mgíû haæÿjûlmõ ùhmaÿe YibezMem£e bmlf cevam

YtlveL moevÌemqbª Ytloãehjejìjìcue yeaueMeam£ lgYõX vace vcû

ãmõ OvVéjfq celehfle jgaùoeYfó©cûlX Mem£ejX DuX baÌcuessboõX oãevfOfX

Dvõoe MjCX vem£flVacb MjCX cclmxceox kejgCõ Yeabvjì jì cueùhaYe!

anekbrjõX cuehtpõXmqbª jìekjX bfYgXheqbªlr uôoãevÌXMem£ejX ùhCcecõuX

bfùh htpõX bfMV bÌõXbfóÛg MXaYeû ùhfãX mglXìfùh ùhmeovfjlXMem£ejX ùhCcecõuX

cècelXi icvXkejgCõecôl htjflXmqbª bfIxv ujX aobXMem£ejX ùhCcecõuX

DmxclxkganMVjX aobXDmxclxßùlg bfveMvXDmxcofóØ ùhoelejXMem£ejX ùhCcecõuX

ùMr uaj vcûhelg htqCÛùlãrMû

becX heoX ùhmejõ ùMflogjfl ujXoìfCX kgÂxpãflVe

pevgvõeOeã beacljcfljYgpXaMóaYesi vfOeã

hËelx heCfoVaãv ùhlfYëMcavMXKòaùk oOevû

aoabe YtóeOfãg©û ùlfoMhlfvglûhelghtqCÛùlãrMû

- 5 -

“£b-Øn¬ \n∂pw {XmW\w sNøp-∂Xv” (\m-i-Øn¬

\n∂pw c£n-°p-∂-Xv) ‘t£{Xw’ F∂ A¿∞-amWv {io i¶-cm-

Nm-cy¿ `K-hXv KoXbv°v cNn® `mjy-Øn¬ \evIn-bn-´p-f-f-Xv.

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-t£{Xw Cu A¿∞sØ

]q¿Æ-am-°p-∂p. Cu t£{X-Ønse tZhs\ Adn™v Bcm-[n-

°p-∂-h¿°v k¿Δ-sF-iz-cy-ßfpw {Ia-Øn¬ h∂p tNcp-∂p.

Xma -cw -Ip -f -ßc t£{X-Ønse apJy - {] -XnjvT

{io [¿Ω-im -kvXm -hn -t‚-Xm -Wv. Chn -SpsØ tZhs\

N{a-h-´-Ø-∏-\mbpw `‡-P-\-ßƒ Bcm-[n-®p-h-cp-∂p. he-Xp-

I -c -Øn¬ Aar -X -I -e -i -hp -ambn IpSn -sIm -f -fp∂

{io[¿Ω-im-kvXmhv Xs‚ `‡-cpsS GX-`n-em-jhpw km[n-®p-

sIm-Sp-°p-hm≥ Xøm-dmbn Ccn-°p-I-bm-Wv. I∂n-aq-e-bn¬

KW-]Xn `K-hm\pw sXs° Xncp-ap-‰Øp≈ t£{X-Øn¬

`{Z -Imfn tZhnbpw `‡-P-\ -ßƒ°v A\p- {K -l-ßƒ

\¬Ip-hm -\mbn hmW-cp -fp -∂p. IqSmsX \mK-cm -Pm -hv ,

{_“-c-£kv F∂o D]-tZ-h-∑m-tcbpw ChnsS {]Xn-jvTn-°-s∏ n p≠v.

hnf-°p-h-bv]v, Nμ\w Nm¿Ø¬, \ocm-RvP\w, Ff-fvXn-cn,

A∏w \nth-Zyw , ]mbkw \nthZyw XpS -ßn -b -h -bmWv

{io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hn-\p-ff apJy-h-gn-]m-Sp-Iƒ. hnti-j-Zn-h-k-ß-

fn¬ K-hm\v ]mev, s\øv F∂o {Zhy-ß-sf-s°m≠v {]tXyI A`n-

tj-I-ßfpw \S-Øn-h-cp-∂p. F√m-h¿jhpw aI-c-amkw 1˛mw

XobXn (a-I-c-hn-f°v Znh-kw) cmhnse `K-hm\v \S-Øn-h-cp∂

AjvSm-`n-tj-I-ß-fn¬ (F-Æ, s\øv, ]m¬, tX≥, ]©m-ar-Xw,

Icn-°v, kvaw, If`w F∂o -{I-a-Øn¬) \qdvI-W-°n\v ‡-P-\-

ßƒ ]s¶-SpØv Xß-fpsS A`n-tj-I-Øn-¬ `K-hXv _nw_w

Bdm-Sp-∂Xv I≠v -sXm-gpXv kmbq-Py-a-S-bp-∂p.

aI-c-amkw 1˛mw XobXn hen-b-hn-f°v hcpw-hn[w sImSn-

I-bdn c≠mw-Xo-bXn Bdm-t´m-´p-IqSn kam-]n-°p∂ 6 Znh-ksØ

aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLm-j-amWv Cu t£{X-Ønse {][m\ D’-hw.

CXp-Iq-SmsX Nnß-am-k-Øn¬ \nd, ]pØ-cn, hn\m-b-I-

N-Xp¿∞n, I∂n-am-k-Øn¬ ]qP-h-bv]v,hr›nIw, [\p amk-ß-

fn¬ aWvU-e-°m-ew, ao\-am-k-Øn¬ `K-hms‚ Xncp-\m-fmb

ss]¶p\n D{Xw, taS-am-k-Øn¬ hnjp-Zn-hkw hn-ti-jm¬ AjvS-

{Z-hy- K-W-]Xn tlmaw, I¿°n-S-I-Øn¬ cmam-b-W-am-km-N-cWw

F∂n-hbpw t£{X-Øn¬ hn]p-e-ambn BtLm-jn-®p-h-cp-∂p.

aq∂c ]Xn-‰m≠v apºv cq]o-Ir-X-amb t£{X-]-cn-k-c-hm-kn-

I-fpsS kwL-S-\-bmWv Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc Aø-∏-tk-hm-k-an-Xn. Cu

t£{X-Ønse ssZ\w-Zn-\-Im-cy-ß-fpw, D’-hm-tLm-j-ß-fpw,

\n¿Ωm-W-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßfpw \S-Øn-h-cp-∂-Xv Aø-∏- tkhm

k-an-Xn-bm-Wv. t£{X-Øns‚ D∂-a-\-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb ]e \n¿Ωm-W

-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßfpw CXn-\Iw sNbvXp-Xo¿°p-hm≥ kan-Xnbv°v

km[n-®n-´p-≠v. t£{X ]p\cp≤mcW b⁄Øns‚ \memw

L´Ønte°v kanXn Ct∏mƒ G¿s∏- n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. `K-hm≥

{io [¿Ω-im-kvXm-hns‚ A\p-{Klw sIm≠pw `‡-P-\-ß-fpsS

\n¿tem- -amb kl-I-cWw sIm≠pw Cu ]pWy-I¿Ω-ßƒ Ffp∏w

]q¿Øn-I-cn-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-sa∂v {]Xym-in-°p-∂p.

- 7 -

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011

{io]q¿Æ-{X-bo-i\pw tNm‰m-\n-°c AΩbpw kZbw klmbw

apcfo \mcm-b-W≥ \ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv(X-{¥n)

]pen-b-∂q¿ a\ (]q¿Æ-{io) Fcq¿ ]n.H.Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd ˛ 682 306

Phone: 2782005, 9895488613

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc imkvXm t£{X-Ønse aI-c-hn-f°v

D’-h-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v ]pd-Øn-d-°p∂ tkmh-\o¿ XnI®pw

hn⁄m-\-{]-Zhpw D’h t{]an-Iƒ°pw IqSmsX Bflob

am¿§ -Øn¬ k©-cn -°p∂ al-Z vhy -‡n -Iƒ°v Hcp

hgn-Im-ńbpw Bbn-cn -°p-sa∂ Imcy-Øn¬ kwi-b-an -√.

Ch-cpsS Cu kZp-Zy-a-Øn\v F√m-hn[ awK-fm-iw-k-Ifpw

t\cp-∂p. AtXm-sSm∏w [¿Ω-im-kvXm-hns‚ ssNX-\y-

hn -\ymkw temIw apgp -h≥ hym]n°s´ F∂v

{]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

F∂v

{_“{io. ]pen-b-∂q¿ apcfo \mcm-b-W≥ \ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv

19-12-2010


- 8 -

THAMARAMKULANGARA AYYAPPA SEVA SAMITHYTASS Mandir, Thamaramkulangara, Thripunithura - 682 301, Ernakulam Dt.

BapJw

kzmantb icWaø∏...........

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hns‚ Xncp-ap‰w as‰mcp D’h el-cn-bn¬ Bdm-Sm≥ Xøm-sd-Sp-°p-I-

bm-Wv. ]Xn-hp-t]mse Cu h¿jhpw D’-thm-]-lm-c-ambn “aIc-tPymXn” `‡-P-\-ßƒ°mbn ka¿∏n-°p

I-bm-Wv.

t]mb-h¿j-ß-fn¬ t£{Xm-Nm-c-ß-tfbpw A\p-jvTm-\-ß-tf-bpw, t£{X-I-e-I-tf-bpw, tIc-fob t£{X-ß-fnse Ahn- m-Py-

L-S-I-amb B\-I-tfbpw a‰pw khn-kvXcw D’-h-°-º-°m¿°v ap∂n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-h≥ Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc Aø∏tkhmkanXn

{ian-®n-cp-∂p. Cu h¿j-am-Is´ Cu ]d™ LS-I-ß-sf√mw Xs∂ ka-RvP-k-ambn ktΩ-fn-°p-tºmƒ kwPm-X-am-Ip∂ D’-h-e-l-cn,

hm°p-I-fn-eq-sSbpw Nn{X-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw hmb-\-°m-cn-te°v k∂n-th-in-°p-hm-\p≈ {ia-amWv Rßƒ aI-c-tPym-Xn-bn-eqsS \S-Øp-

∂-Xv.

Hcp-a-bp-sS-bpw, kmwkvIm-cnI kl-h¿Øn-Xz-Øn-t‚bpw AS-bm-f-ß-fmbn D’-h-ßƒ cq]w sIm≠Xv tKm{X-h¿§-kw-kvIm-

c-Øn\pw ap≥t]bm-bn-cn-°-Ww. {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ apd-sX-‰msX FØp∂ EXp-°ƒ t]mse am\-h-kw-kvIm-c-Øn¬ Ah Bh¿Øn-°-s∏-

´p. tZi-Im-e-t -Z-ßƒ°-\p-kr-X-ambn tZi-Øn-t‚bpw tZi-hm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw kmwkvIm-cnI X\n-a-bpsS Ie¿∏n-√mØ {]Xn- -e-\-ß-

fmbn, {]Im-i-\-ß-fmbn D’-h-ßƒ, ]qc-ßƒ.

tIc-f-Ønse D’-h-ß-fpsS kmwkvIm-cnI sshhn-≤y-ßƒ apgp-h\pw GXm\pw ]pkvX-I-Øm-fp-I-fn-em-°pI Akm-≤y-am-

sW∂p Rßƒ a\- n-em-°p-∂p-≠v. F¶nepw AØ-c-samcp {iaw Rßƒ XpSßn hbv°p-∂p. am{X-a√ GXm\pw Nne D’h k{º-

Zm-b-ßƒ tcJ-bn-em-°pI F∂-Xn-ep-]-cn, EXp-t`-Z-ßƒt]mse Bh¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Cu BtLm-j-ßƒ Fßns\ Hcp kaq-l-

Øns‚ Xs∂ i‡nt{kmX- mbn amdp∂p F∂-dn-bp-hm-\p≈ Hcp {iaw IqSn-bm-Wn-Xv.

BNm-c-ß-fpsS, A\p-jvTm-\-ß-fp-sS, t£{X-I-e-I-fpsS kwK-a-th-Zn-bm-Ip∂ D’-h-ßƒ t£{X-ssN-X\y h¿≤-\-hn\pw

XZzmcm tZi-hm-kn-I-fpsS \∑bv°pw Imc-W-ambn `hn-°p-∂p. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc t£{Xhpw AXn-t\mSv Bfl-_‘w ]pe¿Øp∂

`‡cpw CXv A\p- -hn-®-dn-™-h-c-t{X. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ K-hm≥ {io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hns‚ A\p-{K-lhpw ‡-P-\-ß-fpsS AI-a-

gn™ klm-b-k-l-I-c-W-ßfpw sIm≠v Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc Aø∏ tkhm-k-an-Xn°v t£{X-\-ho-I-cW {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \S-Øp-hm\pw

Du´p-]p-c-\n¿Ωm-W-Øn-\mbn t£{X-tØmSv tN¿∂v ÿew hmßp-hm-\pw, \n¿Ωm-W-Øn\v {]mcw- -{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \S-Øp-hm\pw km[n-

®p. mK-h-X-kvXm-lw, \mc-b-Wob ]mcm-b-Ww, I¿°n-SIw apgp-h\pw \o≠ cmam-b-W-am-km-N-cWw, NmIym¿Iq-Øns‚ Ah-X-cWw

F∂nh km≤y-am-bXpw kvacn-°p-∂p.

t£{X ssNX-\y-h¿≤-\-hn\p \nZm-\-amb AXy-]q¿Δhpw t{ijvT-hp-amb kma-th-Zm¿®\ \S-Øp-hm≥ km[n®p F∂Xpw

Nmcn-Xm¿Yy-P-\-I-am-Wv. thZ-a-{¥-ap-J-cn-X-amb B aq∂p Znh-k-ßƒ A\n-¿h-N-\o-b-amb Du¿÷-{]-k-c-WsØ {]Zm\w sNbvX-Xmbn

`‡¿ Adn-bn-®-Xv, Rßƒ°v C\nbpw AØcw sshZnI DZy-a-ßƒ°v {]tNm-Z-\-am-Ip-∂p.

CØ-c-Øn¬ ka-tbm-Nn-X-ambn ‡-P-\-ßƒ \evIp∂ D]-tZ-i-ßfpw, \n¿t±-i-ßfpw, X\-a-\-[\ ka-Nn-X-amb klm-b-ßfpw

sIm≠v mhn-bnepw Xma-cw-Ip-f-ß-c-bpsS t{ib- n\v th≠n {]h¿Øn-°m≥ Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc Aø∏ tkhm-k-an-Xn°v km[n-°p-am-dm-

Is´ F∂v k¿Δm- o-jvS-h-c-{]-Zm-b-I-\mb Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hn-t\mSv {]m¿∞n-®p-sIm≠v D’-h-e-l-cn-bpsS A£-c-cq-

]-amb aI-c-tPymXn K-hms‚ Xr∏m-Z-ß-fn¬ ka¿∏n-®p-sIm-≈-s´.

APnXv Ipam¿ h¿Ω{]kn-U‚v, Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc Aø∏ tkhm kanXn

- 9 -


aI-c-tPym-Xn-bn-eq-sS............

{io]q¿Æ-{X-bo-is‚ hr›n-tIm-’-h-tØmsS a[y-tI-c-f-Øn¬ D’--hm-ch-ßƒ

Db¿∂p XpS-ßn. C\n D’-hm-Nm-c-ß-fp-tSbpw BtLmjßfp-tSbpw \mfp-Iƒ.

N{a-h-´Ø∏\mbn ‡¿ Bcm-[n-°p∂ Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hns‚

D’-hm-tLm-j-ßƒ 2011 P\p-hcn 11 \v sImSn-I-b-dn P\p-hcn 16\v Bdm-t´msS kam-]n-

°p-∂p. P\p-hcn 15 (a-Icw 1)\mWv {]i-kvX-amb ""aI-c-hn-f-°v''.

D’-h-tØmSv A\p-_-‘n®v Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc Aø-∏-tk-hm-k-anXn XpS¿®-bmbn 9˛mw sIm√hpw

“aI-c-tPymXn” kvac-WnI ]pd-Øn-d-°p-IbmWv. kvac-Wn-I-bpsS hnj-b-ßsf-°p-dn®v Aø-∏-tk-hm-k-

anXn {]h¿Ø-I¿ F∂pw {i≤m-ep-°-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Xnc-s™-Sp-°p∂ hnjbw t£{X-ßsf kw_-‘n-

®p≈XmI-W-sa∂pw, teJ-\-ßƒ Dƒ°m-ºp≈XpamIWw F∂pw Rßƒ B{K-ln-°p∂p. C{]-Im-c-

ap≈ Nn¥-bmWv Cu h¿jsØ hnj-b-am°n “tIc-f-Ønse t£t{Xm-’-h-ßfpw ]qc-ßfpw” Xnc-

s™-Sp-°p-hm≥ Rßsf t{]cn-∏n-®-Xv.

tIc-f-Øns‚ hSt°b‰-Øp≈ Xr®w-_cw {ioIr-jvW-kzman t£{Xw apX¬ sXt° A‰Øv

{io ]fl-\m-`-kzm-an-t£{Xw hsc-bp≈ t£{X-ß-fnse D’-h-ß-fn-eqsS bm{X sNøp-tºmƒ \ap°v

ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xv hyXy-kvX-ßfmb BNm-c-ßfpw D’-hm-tLm-j-co-Xn-I-fp-am-Wv. BNm-c-ßfpw

BtLm-j-ßfpw Ime-{I-taW cq]-s∏-´p-h-cp-∂h-bm-Wv. AXv B {]tZ-isØ P\-ß-fpsS kwkvIm-c-

sØ {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂p. kmwkvIm-cnI tIc-f-Ønse D’-h-ß-fn-eqsSbp≈ Cu bm{X \nß-tf-

h¿°pw Bkzm-Zy-I-c-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v Rßƒ°v Dd-∏p-≠v.

{]uV-Kw-ò-c-amb teJ-\-ßƒ FgpXn Cu kvac-Wn-Isb tXP- p-‰-Xm-°nb F√m alZvhy‡n-

Iƒ°pw, ]c-ky-ßƒ \¬In Rß-tfmSv kl-I-cn® ÿm]-\-ßƒ, hy‡n-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h¿°pw,

F√m `‡-P-\-ßƒ°pw, Cu kvac-Wn-I-bp-tSbpw aI-c-hn-f°v D’-h-Øn-t‚bpw hnP-b-Øn-\mbn

A£oWw {]h¿Øn°p∂ F√m {]h¿Ø-I¿°pw F√m-hn[ Bbp-cm-tcm-Ky-ku-Jy-ßfpw D≠m-It´

F∂v Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hn-t\mSpw {io]q¿W-{X-bo-i-t\mSpw Bflm¿∞-ambn

{]m¿∞n®psIm≈p-∂p.

{io]q¿Æ-{X-bo-im-b-\a:

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io[¿Ω-im-kvXm icWw

25- 12- 2010

Fkv. {io[¿

I¨ho-\¿, aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmjIΩn-‰n.

THAMARAMKULANGARA AYYAPPA SEVA SAMITHYTASS Mandir, Thamaramkulangara, Thripunithura - 682 301, Ernakulam Dt.

- 11 -


D’-h-ß-fpsS D’hw hr›n-tIm-’hw ˛ Pb≥ am¶m-bn¬ 13

{io]-fl-\m-`-kzm-an-t£{Xw ˛ Aiz-Xn- Xn-cp-\mƒ Kucn-e-£van-`mbn Xºp-cmń 23

B‰p-Im¬ s]m¶me -˛ (temIØnse G‰hpw henb h\nXmkwKaw)

ae-bn≥Iogv tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥ 37

{io h-√` alm-t£{Xw ˛ ]n. DÆn-Ir-jvW≥ -\m-b¿, Xncp-h√ 47

i_-cn-ae aI-c-hn-f°v atlm-’-h-Øn¬ ]¥-f-Ø-c-Ns‚ km∂n≤yw ˛ cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω 61

ssh°-Ø-jvSan ˛ cmP-ti-J¿. ]n. ssh°w 67

G‰p-am-\q¿ {ioa-lm-tZ-h-t£{Xw ˛ kn.-F-kv. {io[-c≥ aqØXv 83

Xncp-\-°-c-tØ-h-cpsS Xncp-ap-‰Øv ˛ s{]m^. sX°pw-Iq¿ tkma-h¿Ω-cmPm 101

Zbm-aq¿Øn-bmb Xr{]-bm-d-∏≥ ˛ ""Cuimhmky-anZw k¿Δw'' ˛ tImc-ºØv tKm]n-\m-Y≥ 115

`c-tXm-’hw ˛ C.-sI. tIi-h≥ \ºq-Xncn 129

Bdm-´p-]pg {io imkvXm t£{Xhpw tZh-kw-K-ahpw ˛ Fw. cmtP-{μ≥ 145

"s]cp-a-bp≈ s]cp-h\w ]qcw' ˛ s]cp-h\w Ip´≥amcm¿ 157

]qcw apX¬ ]qcw hsc h¿jw Ipdn-bv°p∂ Xr»q¿ ˛ s{]m^: am[-h≥Ipń 167

Kpcp-hm-bq¿ D’hw ˛ Kpcp, Kpcp-hm-bq¿ 173

{iocp[nc almImfn-°mhv (D-{Xm-fn-°m-hv) t£{Xw ˛ tKm]n-\mYv, Ipa-c-s\-√q¿ 193

s\∑md h√ßn the ˛ Atim-I≥, s\∑md tZiw 201

Xncp-am‘mwIp∂v]qcw ˛ ]n. kn. Ac-hn-μ≥ 209

Xr®w-_cw D’hw ˛ sI. sF. \mcm-b-W≥ amÃ¿ 215

t£t{Xm-’-h-ß-fnse BNm-c-ßfpw A\p-jvTm-\-ßfpw ˛ A\n-b≥ 229

DØ-c-a-e-_m-dnse hyXy-kvX-ß-fmb D’-h-°m-gvN-Iƒ ˛ Fw.-B¿.-F-kv. tat\m≥ 241

tNm‰m-\n-°c tZhnt£{X-Ønse D’-h-ßƒ ˛ tNm‰m-\n-°c hnP-b≥ amcm¿ 247

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f°v ˛ APnXv Ipam¿ h¿Ω 251

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D≈-S°w

- 13 -


Pb≥ am¶m-bn¬

D’-h-ß-fpsS D’hw hr›n-tIm-’hw

hmaw ]mZw {]kmcy {inX Zpcn-X-lcw

Z£nWw IpRvNbnXzm

Pm\p-\ym-[mb hmta-X-c-an-X-c-`pPw

tij-t`mtK \n[mb

]ivNmXv ]mWn-Zz-tb\ {]Xn-`-S-i-at\

iwJv Nt{I Z[m\:

tZthm `qjm-Zn-bp‡: {XnZ-i-]-Xn-\pX:

]mXp ]q¿Æ-{X-boi:

bpKm-¥-c-ßƒ°p-apºv \c-\m-cm-b-W-∑m-

cmb A¿÷p-\-t\bpw {ioIr-jvW-t\bpw ImW-

W-sa-∂p≈ tamlw tlXp-hmbn sshIp-WvT

-\m-Y≥ Hcp km[p-{_m-“-Ws‚ k¥m-\-ßsf

sshIp-WvT -Øn-te°v hcp -Øp-I-bp -≠m-bn.

{_m“Wk¥m-\-ßsf c£n-°m-sa∂ hm°p

]men -°m≥ Ign -bmsX

tZl-Xym-K-Øn\p Xøm-

dmb A¿÷p-\-t\bpw

sIm≠v {ioIr -jvW≥

sshIp-WvT-Øn¬ FØp-

Ibpw, A\¥knwlm-k-\-

Øn¬ `qantZhn-tbmSpw

e£vantZhn-tbmSpw IqSn

{_m“W k¥m-\-ßsf

emfn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂

sshIp-WvT-\m-Ys\ I≠v

A¤pX ]c-h -i -\mbn

Xocp -Ibpw sNbvXp.

{_m“W k¥m-\-ßsf

Xncn®p \¬Inb tijw

sshIp-WvT-\m-Y≥ GXp

cq]-`m-h-t`-Z-ß-fn-emtWm

Ccp-∂n-cp-∂Xv, AtX cq]-

`m -h -ß-fn¬ D≈-Xmb

Xs‚ tXtPm -a -b -amb

ARvP\inem-hn{Klw

IrjvWm¿÷p-\-∑m¿°v

\¬In AXv `qan-bn¬ ]hn-{X-amb Hcp ÿeØv

{]Xn-jvTn-°-W-sa∂v Bh-iy-s∏- p-. IrjvWm¿÷p-

\-∑m¿ hn{K-l-tØm-Sp-IqSn `qtemIØn¬ Xncn-

s®Øn km[p {_m“-W-k-¥m-\-ßsf Xncn®p

\¬Inb tijw b⁄-`q-an-bmb Cu ]pWy-ÿ-

eØv hn{K-l-{]-XnjvT \S-Øn. A¿÷p-\≥ ]q¿Æ-

{X-bo-is\ {]Xn-jvTn-®Xv Ien-bpKw XpSßn

51-˛mw \mfn-em-sW∂v hniz-kn®p hcp-∂p.

sshIp-WvT-\m-Y≥, tbmK-\m-cm-b-W≥,

k¥m\tKm]m-e-aq¿Øn F∂o hnhn[ [ym\-ß-

fn¬ Bcm-[n®p hcp∂ {io ]q¿Æ-{X-bo-i≥ aq∂p

thZ-ß-fp-tSbpw aq¿Øn-a¬`m-h-amb b⁄-]p-cp-

j-\m-Wv. A\-¥- -W-ßƒ hncp-Ønb O{X-Øn\p

Iogn¬ A\-¥m-k-\-Øn¬ ]memgn a[y-Øn¬ Ccp

]m¿iz-ß-fnepw `qantZhn-

tbmSpw e£vao -tZ -hn -

tbmSpw IqSn Ccp-∂-cp-fp∂

`K-hm≥ k¿Δm -òjvS

{]Zm-b-I\pw Cl-Øn¬

k¿Δ-hn[ kpJ-ß-tfbpw

]c -Øn¬ kmbqPy

]Z-hn -tbbpw \¬Ip∂

km£m¬ sshIp -WvT -

\m-Y-\m-Wv.

cmP-`cWIm-eØv

hr›n-tIm-’hw apX-emb

t£t {X m -’ -h -ßf p w

t£{X`c-Whpw sIm®n

alm-cm-Pm-hns‚ t\cn- p≈

ta¬t\m-´-Ønepw \nb-{¥-

W-Øn-epamWv \S-Øn-h-

∂n-cp-∂-Xv. cmP-`-c-W-Øn-

\p-tijw t£{X-`-cWw

sIm®n≥ tZhkzw t_m¿

Un¬ \n£n-] vX -am -sb-

¶nepw, {io]q¿Æ-{X-bo-

- 15 -


is‚ hr›n-tIm-’hw ap≥Im-e-ß-fnse AtX

{]uVn-tbmSpw Kmwò-cy-tØmSpw IqSn Ct∏mgpw

\S∂p hcp-∂p.

]qc-ß-fpsS ]qcw GsX∂p tNmZn-®m¬

BZyw e`n-°p∂ adp-]Sn Xriq¿ ]qcw F∂m-Wv.

F∂m¬ C°m-cy-Øn¬ Nne¿s°-¶nepw `n∂m-

`n-{]mbw D≠m-hmw. Bdm-´p-]p-g-]q-cw, s]cp-h\w

]qcw, D{Xm-fn-°mhv ]qcw, apX-emb {]ikvX ]qc-

ßfpw CtXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ D≠v. F∂m¬ D’-

h-ß-fpsS D’hw {io]q¿Æ-{X-bo-is‚ hr›n-

tIm-’hw Xs∂ F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ `n∂m-`n-

{]mbw D≠m-Im≥ CS-bn-√. hfsc A[nIw sshhn-

[yhpw Kmwò-cyhpw {]uVnbpw D≠v Xr∏q-Wn-

Øp-d-°m-cpsS kz¥-amb hr›n-tIm-’-h-Øn-\v.

a™n¬°p-fn®p \n¬°p∂ hr›n-I-am-k-

Ønse tNmXn \£-{X-Øn¬ sImSn-I-bdn Xncp-

thmWw Bdm-t´m-Sp-IqSn kam-]n-°p∂ hr›n-tIm-

’-h-Øns‚ F´p \mfp-Iƒ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Znhym-

\p-`q-Xn-Iƒ {]Zm\w sNøp∂ Zn\-cm-{X-ß-fm-Wv.

a‰p t£{X-ß-fn¬ \n∂v hn`n-∂-ambn sImSn-tb-

‰n\p apºv cmhn-se-Xs∂ 15 B\-∏p-d-Øp≈

iothen Fg-s∂-≈n∏pw hnkvX-cn® ]©m-cn-ta-

fhpw Chn-SsØ am{Xw {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv.

hr›n-tIm-’-h-Øns‚ {][m\ BI¿jWw

15 B\-Isf AWn-\n-c-Øn-s°m-≠p≈ ioth-

enbpw cm{Xn hnf-°n\v Fgp-s∂-≈n-∏p-am-Wv. ]Xn-

s\m-∂cASn Db-c-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ sNß-√p¿ cwK-

\m-Y≥ Ioc-ßm v tIi-h≥, Bh-W-∏-d-ºv, IpS-em-

‰p-]p-dw, ]mºp-ta-bv°m-Sv, it¶m-cXv XpSßn \nc-

h[n KP-ho-c-∑m¿ hr›n-tIm-’-h-Øns‚ lc-am-

bn-cp-∂p. C∂v Imew amdn. Fgp-Ø-—≥ {io\n-hm-

k≥, Xncp-h-ºmSn N{μ-ti-J-c-≥, tjWmbv N{μ-

ti-J-c≥, sImßmSv Ipń-»-¶-c≥, ]pØ≥Ipfw

A\-¥-]-fl-\m-`≥ XpSßn B\t{]an-I-fpsS lc-

ambn amdnb Ccp-]-Ø-t©mfw {]kn≤B\-Iƒ

C°-gn™ hr›n -tIm -’-h -Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp -

°pIbp≠m-bn.

B\ Fgp-∂-≈n-∏ns\∂t]mse Xs∂

{]m[m-\y-amWv hr›n-tIm-’-h-Ønse taf hmZy-

ßƒ°p-ap≈-Xv. cmP-hm-gvN-°m-e-sØ-s∏-se-Xs∂

a[y-tI-c-f-Ønse {]apJ hmZy-hn-Z-Kv[¿ Ct∏mgpw

hr›n-tIm-’-h-Øns‚ BI¿j-W-am-Wv. hr›n-

tIm-’-h-Øn¬ Znh-tk\ cmhnse ioth-en°pw

cm{Xn hnf-°n\pw \S-°p∂ ]©m-cn-tafw ]c-a-{]-

[m-\-am-Wv. aq∂caWn-°q¿ hsc \ofp∂ ]©m-

cn-ta-f-Øn¬ \q‰n A≥]-tXmfw {]K¤ Iem-Im-c-

∑m¿ AWn \nc-°p-∂p. ]q¿Æ-{X-bo-is‚ Xncp-ap-

ºn¬ ]©mcn taf-Øn¬ ]s¶-SpØ ap≥Im-e-taf

{]Xn-`-I-fm-bn-cp∂p s]cp-h\w i¶pÆn amcm¿,

Xmg-tØ-SØv tKmhn-μ-am-cm¿, sNºmen]pdØv

tKmhn-μ-am-cm¿, Xrt∏-°pfw tKmhn-μ-am-cm¿, s]cp-

h\w \mcm-b-W-am-cm¿, ]≠m-c-Øn¬ Cu®-c-am-

cm¿, amt°mØv \mWpamcm¿, Ipdp-∏Øv \mcm-

bW amcm¿, ]cn-bm-cØp Ip™≥am-cm¿, ]´-cm-

cØv i¶-c-am-cm¿, s]cp-h\w A∏p-am-cm¿, Ipa-c-

]pcw A∏p-am-cm¿, Imc-bv°m v Cu®-c-am-cm¿, Ipdp-

∏Øv Cu®-c-am-cm¿, ]cn-bm-cØv Ip©p-am-cm¿,

N°w-Ipfw A∏p-am-cm¿, Xrt∏-°pfw A®p-Xam-cm¿

- 17 -


XpS-ßn-b-h¿. {io. s]cp-h\w Ip´≥am-cm-cpsS

t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ BWv hfsc h¿j-ß-fmbn ]©m-

cn-tafw \S-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv. GI-tZiw H∂c aWn-

°q¿ ]Xn-Im-ehpw Ccp-]-Xp an\n‰v hoXw hcp∂

c≠pw aq∂pw \mepw Ime-ßfpw ap∏-Xv an\n‰v

A©mw Imehpw F∂ {Ia-Øn-emWv ]©m-cn-

tafw \S-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv. imkv{Xo-b-amb IW-°-\p-

k-cn®v sN≠-bpsS CSwXe-bn¬ 15 t]cpw,

Ah¿°p ]n∂n¬ aqt∂m \mtem hcn-I-fn-embn

\mev]-Ø-t©mfw t]¿ hew Xe-bnepw Xmfw

]nSn-°p-∂p. ap∏-Xn¬]cw Ce-Øm-f-°mcpw 15-t]¿

hoXw sImºp-Imcpw Ipg¬°mcpw Bbn-cn-°pw.

F∂m¬ hr›n-tIm-’-h-Øn\v CXnepw hfsc

A[nIw taf-I-em-Im-c-∑m¿ ]s¶-SpØp hcp-∂p≠v.

C{]-Imcw hnkvX-cn-®p≈ 15 ]©m-

cn-ta-f-ßƒ Htc ÿeØv XpS¿®-

bmb Znh-k-ß-fn¬ \S-°p-∂Xv

hfsc A]q¿Δ-am-Wv. hr›n-tIm-’-

h-Øn\v ]©mcn H∂mw Imehpw

c≠mw Imehpw B\-]-¥-en\p

ap∂n-emWv ]Xn-hv. aq∂mw Imew

sXs° \S-bnepw, \memw Imew

sX°p ]Sn -™mtd `mKØpw

A©mw Imew ]Sn-™mdp `mKØv

hS-t°m´p Xncn™p \n∂pw sImń

Iem-in-°p-∂p. A©mw-Imew ""Xncp-

ap-ºn¬ tafw'' F∂ t]cnepw Adn-

b-s∏´phcp-∂p. CXn-\p-tijw tafw hS-

t°-\-S-bn-te°v \oßn, AS¥ aq∂pw

\mepw Ime-ßƒ sImń Iem-in-°p-∂p.

XpS¿∂v apdn AS¥ sImń hS°p

Ingt° aqe-bn¬ sNºS tafw \memw

Imew XpSßn \S-∏pc taf-tØm-Sp-IqSn

kam-]n-°p-∂p.

]©m-cn -tafw t]mse-Xs∂

{]m[m-\y-tØm-Sp-IqSn \S-∂p-h-cp∂ a‰p

taf-ßfpw hr›n-tIm-’-h-Øns‚

{]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. BZysØ aq∂p

Znhkw B\∏¥-en¬ h®v Ac-tß-

dp∂ Xmb-ºI tafm-kzm-Z-I¿°v AXy-

]q¿Δ-amb A\p-`qXn {]Zm\w sNøp-∂p. CXn\p

]pdta F√m Znh-khpw c≠p t\cw \S-°p∂ \mZ-

kz-c-hpw, Xnan-e, ho°≥, Ce-Xm-fw, tNßne Ch-

sb√mw tN¿∂ ]cn-j-hm-Zyhpw, a±-f-]-‰pw, sImºp-

]-‰pw, Ipg¬]‰pw F√mw hr›n-tIm-’hØns‚

{]tXy-I-X-I-fm-Wv. IqSmsX Bdm-ń\v Fgp-∂-≈n-

®-tijw \S-°p∂ ]©-hm-Zyhpw, Bdm v Ign™v

Xncn®v Fgp-∂-≈n-°p-tºmƒ \S-°p∂ ]m≠n-ta-

fhpw tafm-kzm-Z-I¿°v Hcp \hym-\p-`hw {]Zm\w

sNøp-∂p.

Hcn°¬ Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd D’-h-Øn\v hnez-

aw-Kew kzman-bm¿ Z¿i-\-Øn\p h∂Xv Hcp

Xrt°´ Znh-k-am-bn-cp-∂p. Fgp-∂-≈n®p \n¿Øn-

- 19 -


bn-cp∂ B\-I-fpsS

]pdØv DÆn -Ir -

jvWs‚ cq]-Øn¬

`K-hm≥ NmSn-I-fn®v

ckn -°p -∂ -XmWv

hnez-aw-Kew I≠-Xv.

A∂p apX-emWv

X r t ° ´ Z ¿ i \ w

AXoh ]pWy-ambn

IW-°m°n hcp-∂-

Xv. B\ Fgp-s∂-

≈n∏v `K -hms‚

CjvS hgn-]m-Smbpw

IW-°m-°n-h-cp-∂p.

Fgp -∂ -≈n -∏ n\ p

apºn¬ ImWn°

A¿∏n-°p-∂-Xn\p

{]m[m\yw D≠m-bn.

Xrt°´Znhkw apX¬ Fgp-∂-≈n-°p-∂ B\°v

cXv\-ßƒ ]Xn® kz¿Æ-t°m-e-hpw, kz¿Æ-X-te-

s°-´pw, kz¿Æ-°p-S-bpw, kz¿Æ∏nSn-bp≈ Nma-c-

ßfpw BWv D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≈-Xv. ImWn°

A¿∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn `K-hms‚ apºn¬ kz¿Æ-

°p-S-ßfpw D≠m-bn-cn°pw. B\ hgn-]mSpw

Xrt°´ ImWn-bv°-bn-SepwsIm≠v sFlnI

kuJy-hpw, ZmºXykpJhpw, k¬k¥m\kn≤n-

bpw, hnZymkº-∂-Xbpw, k¿Δ sFiz-cy-ßfpw,

Bbp-cm-tcm-Kyhpw, AXy-¥n-I-amb kmbq-Py-]-Z-

hnbpw kn≤n-°p-hm≥ ]cym-]vX-am-sW∂v hniz-

kn®p hcp-∂p.

B\ Fgp-∂-≈n-∏n\pw, taf-Øn\pw hr›n-

tIm-’-h-Øn¬ hfsc A[nIw {]m[m\yw Ds≠-

¶nepw, Znh-khpw 24 aWn-°qdpw aXn-e-IØp \S-

°p∂ hnhn[ Iem]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ D’-h-Øn\p am‰p-

Iq-´p-∂p. cmhn-esØ ioth-en°p tijw Hm´≥

Xp≈-ens‚ XpS-°hpam-bn. Znh-tk\ ct≠m

aqt∂m IY-Iƒ C{]-Imcw Ac-tß-dp-∂p. ]d-b≥

Xp≈¬, ioX-¶≥ Xp≈¬ XpSßn lmky-{]-[m-

\-amb ]e IY-Ifpw ChnsS Ah-X-cn-∏n®p hcp∂p.

B\∏¥-en¬ Hm´≥ Xp≈¬ \S-°p∂ AtX

kabw Du´p]pc-bn¬ A£-c-t«mIkZkv Ac-

tß-dp-I-bm-bn. A£-c-t«m-I-Øn¬ ]WvUn-X-

∑msc Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠v hnhn[ kwL-ßƒ

ChnsS am‰p-c-bv°p-hm≥ FØn-t®-cm-dp-≠v.

A£-c-t«mIkZ-kn\p tijw {]K¤

]WvUn-X-∑m¿ \S-Øp∂ ]pcmW IYm-{]-`m-j-W-

ßƒ°v XpS-°-am-Ip-∂p. \S-∏p-c-bn¬ \mZ-kzcw

Ac-tß-dp-∂p. k‘ym-k-a-bØv BZysØ aq∂p

Znh-k-ß-fn¬ Ipd-Øn-bm-´w, tIm¬I-fn, ]mh-

°qØv hnhn[ Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ XpS-ßp-I-bm-bn.

AtX kabw Xs∂ IqØv, ]mT-Iw, apX-em-b-

hbv°pw {]m[m-\y-ap-≠v. sshIp-t∂cw 6 aWn-tbm-

Sp-IqSn Du´p-]pc kwKoXkZ- p-Iƒ°v hgn-sbm-

cp-ßp-I-bm-bn. 6 apX¬ 7 hsc XpS-°-°m-cmb

kwKoX {]Xn-`-I-fpsS Ac-tß-‰hpw hnhn[ It®-

cnIfpambn-cn-°pw. {io]q¿Æ-{X-boi k∂n-[n-bn¬

Ah-cpsS {]mK¤yw sXfn-bn-°m-\p≈ Hcp Ah-

kcw IqSn-bm-WnXv. AXn-\p-tijw 7 apX¬ 9

hscbp≈ kabw apXn¿∂ Iem-Im-c-∑m¿°pw

Iem-Im-cn -Iƒ°pambn \o°n h®n-cn -°p-∂p.

At\Iw kwKo-X-⁄-cpw, hoW, hb-en≥, arZwK

- 21 -


sNß-∂q¿ cma≥ ]n≈

XpSßn \nc-h[n {]K-¤¿

hr›n-tIm-’-h-Øns‚

Ifn-b-c-ßp-I-fn¬ \nd-km-

∂n-[y-am-bn-cp-∂p. Iem-a-

WvUew cma≥Ipń \mb¿,

Iem-a -WvUew tKm]n,

kZ\w IrjvW≥Ip-ń,

s\√n-tbmSv hmkp-tZ-h≥

\ºq-Xn-cn, tIm´-bv°¬

inh-cm -a≥ XpS -ßnb

{]K¤ Iem -Im -c -∑m¿

Ct∏mgpw {io]q¿Æ-{X-bo-

is‚ Xncp-ap-‰Øv Xß-

fpsS Ign -hp -I -fpsS

A\¿L \nan-j-ßƒ Hcp-

°p-∂p-. IY-Ifn kwKo-Xw

Iem-a-WvUew \ºo-i≥,

Iem-a-WvUew DÆn-Ir-

jvW-°p-dp-∏v, Iem-a-WvUew i¶-c≥ \ºq-Xn-cn,

shäWn lcn-Zmkv XpS-ßn-b-h-cn¬ \n∂pw

amSºn kp{_-“-Wy≥ \ºq-Xn-cn, ]me-\mSv Znhm-

I-c-≥, Iem-\n-ebw DÆn-Ir-jvW-≥, tIm´-bv°¬

a[p XpS-ßnb {]Xn`m kº-∂-cn¬ FØn

\n¬°p-I-bm-Wv.

hr›n-tIm-’-h-Øn\v t£{X NS-ßp-

Iƒ°pw henb {]m[m-\y-ap -≠v. apf-bn -S¬,

\mtemfw D’-h-_-en-Iƒ, Xncp-h-RvP\w Nm¿Øv

XpS-ßn-bh Ah-bn¬ {][m-\-s∏-´-h-bm-Wv.

hr›n-I-amkIpfn-cn¬ F´v Zn\-cm-{X-ßƒ

kzbw ad∂v ebn®v tNcp∂ F√m `‡P\-

ßƒ°pw ChnSw Hcp `qtemIsshIp-WvTm-\p-

`q-Xn-Xs∂ {]Zm\w sNøp-∂p.

Iem-Im-c-∑mcpw Cu Acßv kº-∂-am-°p-∂p. 9

aWn-ap-X¬ I¿Wm-SI kwKo-X-Ønse hnJym-X-

cmb kwKo-X-⁄-cpsS It®-cn-I-fm-Wv. sNssº

sshZy-\mY `mK-h-X¿ XpSßn Ip∂-°p-Sn,

siΩm≥Ip-Sn, Fw.-Pn.-cm-[m-Ir-jvW≥, s\øm-

‰n≥Ic hmkp-tZ-h≥ apX-emb I¿Wm-SI kwKoX

temIsØ apSn-Nq-Sm-a-∂≥am¿ kº-∂-am-°n-bn-

cp∂ Cu thZn-I-fn¬ Ct∏mƒ Sn. F≥. IrjvW≥,

Sn. sI. tKmhn-μ-dm-hp, sI. Fkv. tKm]m-e-Ir-

jvW≥ XpSßn ]e {]K-¤cpw Aeu-In-I-amb

kwKoX kZ- p-I-fn¬ Hcp-°p-∂p.

hr›n-tIm-’-h-Øns‚ thsdmcp {]tXy-IX

IY-Ifnbc-ßp-I-fm-Wv. {]K-¤-cmb Iem-a-WvUew

IrjvW≥\mb¿, hmtg-¶S Ip©p-\m-b¿, Iogv]Sw

Ipam-c≥ \mb¿, IpS-am-fq¿ Icp-Wm-I-c≥ \mb¿,

Pb≥ am¶m -bn¬: {io]q¿Æ-{X -boi tkhm kwLw {]kn -U-≠v .

Nm¿tÚv A°u-≠‚ v Bbn {]mIvSokv sNø-p-∂p.

- 23 -


Z£n-tW-¥y-bnse G‰hpw ]g-°-ap≈ P\m-

[n-hmktI{μ-am-bn-cp∂ Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øns‚

lrZ-b-`m-KØv ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ {io]-fl-\m-`-kzm-

an-t£{Xw sFXn-ly-ßfpw Ncn-{Xhpw sI´p-]n-W-

™p-In-S-°p∂ Hcp alm-t£-{X-am-Wv.

t£{X-Øns‚ ]ga

t£{X-Øns‚ ]g-°-sØ-∏‰n IrXy-amb

tcJ-I-sfm-∂p-an√ Hcp {]mNo-\-{KŸhcn-{]-Imcw

Ien-h¿jw XpSßn 950 Znhkw Ign-™n-´mWv

t£{Xw ÿm]n -® -sX-∂p -Im -Wp -∂p. CXv

BC 2097-˛mw h¿j-Øn-\p- Xp-ey-am-Wv. 13- 14 \q‰m-

≠p-I-fn¬ cNn® ]e IrXn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw A°m-

eØv t£{Xw {]kn-≤-am-sW∂v ImWp-∂p. IrkvXp-

hn\p aq∂p \q‰m-≠p-apºv cmPyw `cn-®n-cp∂ Bbv

cmP-°m-°-∑m-cpsSXmbn-cp∂p Cu t£{Xw F∂v

Nne {]mNo\ tcJ-I-fn¬ ImWp-∂p. Ct∏m-gsØ

Aiz-Xn- Xn-cp-\mƒ Kucn-e-£van- mbn Xºp-cmń

{io]-fl-\m- -kzm-an-t£{Xw

cmP-Ip-Spw_w Ch-cpsS

]n≥Km-an-I-fm-sW∂p

Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p. GXm-

bmepw tIc-f-Ønse

G‰hpw {]mNo-\-amb

Hcp kt¶-X-am-bn-cp∂p

Cu t£{Xw

F∂Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√.

{]mNo-\-ß-fmb tcJ-

Isf kw_-‘n-®n-S -

tØmfw Ncn{X cN-\m-

]-T -\-]-c -ambn C{X

{]m[m-\y-ap≈ as‰mcp

tI{μhpw Ds≠∂p

tXm∂p-∂n-√. ap∏Xp

e£-Øn-tesd Npcp-W-

Iƒ (Hm-e-®p-cp-fp-Iƒ)

Cu t£{X-Øn¬

kwc-£n-°-s∏- n- p-≠v.

CXp-]Øn At©mfw inem-im-k-\-ßƒ Cu

t£{X-Øn¬ D≠v.

kwL-Im-eØv AXm-bXv In.-h. H∂mwi-X-I-Øntem c≠mw iX-I-Øntem cNn-°-s∏´ ]Xn-‰p-∏Øv F∂ IrXn-bnepw, Nne-∏-Xn-Im-c-Øn-epw,HºXmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-Im-e-L-´-Øn¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ \Ωm-gvhmcpsS Xncp-hm-bvsam-gn-bnepw, ]e-]p-cm-W-ß-fnepw Cu t£{X-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ CXns‚ ]ucm-Wn-I-Xz-Øn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv.

sFXn-ly-ßƒ

1. Znhm-I-c-ap-\nbpw KpP-dmØv_‘hpw

{io]-fl-\m-`-t£-{X-sØ-∏‰n ]e sFXn-ly-

ßfpw \ne-\n¬°p-∂p-≠v. ]gb KpP-dm-Øn¬

kn‘p-\-Zo-XSw {]_-e-amb Hcp kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS

- 25 -


tI{μ-am-bn-cp-∂p. kn‘p kap--{ZØn¬ tNcp∂ Agn-

ap-JØv temYm¬ F-∂p-t]-cmb Hcp Xpd-ap-J-\-

Kcw hnIm-kw-{]m-]n-®n-cp-∂p. Ahn-S∂ph∂ Znhm-

I-c-ap-\n-sb-∏-‰n-bm-Wv HsscXn-lyw. Cu \Kcw

\mtim-∑p-J-am-b-t∏mƒ P\-ßƒ Ahn-S∂v Zzmc-

I-bn-te°pw Z£n-Wm-]-Y-Øn-te°pw kw{I-an-°p-

I-bp-≠m-bn. IrjvW-`-K-hms‚ ]n≥Km-an-I-sf∂v

Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ -K-hm≥ kz]v\-Øn¬ \n¿t±-

in-®-X-\p-k-cn®p A\-¥-i-b\w e£y-am°n bm{X

XpS¿∂p. Ncn-{X-]-WvUn-X-∑m¿ Cu bm{Xsb icn

sh°p-∂p-≠v. \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°v apºv Ah¿ sIm≠p-

h∂ {ioIrjvWhn{K-l-amWv ]fl-\m-`-kzman

t£{X-Ønse Xncp-h-ºmSn t£{X-Øn¬ h®m-

cm-[n-°p-∂-Xv. Cu hn{K-l-tØm-sSm∏w h∂ Ejn-

h-cy-\mWv Znh-Im-c-ap\n F∂p Icp-Xp-∂p. KpP-dm-

Øn¬ \n∂pw h∂-h-cpsS ]n≥X-e-ap-d-°m¿

IrjvW≥hI°m¿ F∂ t]cn¬ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-

dns‚ ]gb Xe-ÿm-\-amb ]fl-\m- -]p-cØpw ]cn-

k-cØpw Ct∏mgpw [mcm-f-ambn ImWm-dp-≠v.

2. Znhm-I-c-ap-\nbpw Xpfp-_-‘hpw

Imk¿tImUv Pn√-bnse Ipº-f-°-SpØv

X]kv sNbvXpsIm≠n-cp∂ Znhm-I-c-ap\n (CXv

as‰mcp Znhm-I-c-ap-\n)-bpsS ASpØv tXP-kzn-bmb

Hcp inip {]Xy-£-s∏- p. ap\n°v Ipń-tbmSv Akm-

[m-cW hm’eywtXm-∂n. X\n°p amXm-]n-Xm-

°tfm Krltam Cs√∂p ]d-™-t∏mƒ Xs‚

IqsS Xma-kn®psIm≈m≥ ap\n Bh-iy-s∏-´p.

X\n°v CjvS-a-√m-ØXp sNbvXm¬ Xm≥hn- p-t]m-

Ip-sa-∂p-]-d™p Ipń Xma-k-am-°n. Hcp Znhkw

Ipkr-Xn- aqØv ap\n ]qPn-®n-cp∂ kmf-{Km-a-sa-

SpØp hmbn-en-´-t∏mƒ ap\n Ip™ns\ imkn®p.

Xs∂ ImWm≥ A\-¥≥ Imń¬ h∂m¬a-Xn-sb-

∂p-]-d™p Ipń HmSn-t∏m-bn. Ipń Bcm-sW∂p

a\- n-em-°nb ap\n Ipń-bpsS ]n∂mse Hcp Kpl-

bn-eqsS HmSn IS¬Øo-c-Øn-\-Sp-Øp≈ Hcp h\-

Øn≥ kao]w sN∂p-tN¿∂p. Hcp henb Cep-∏-

a-c-Øn-te°v B inip A¥¿≤m\w sNbvXp.

X¬£Ww B Cep-∏-acw adn-™p-hoWv hnjvWp-

-K-hms‚ ib-\-cq-]-ambn ]cn-W-an-®p. inckv Xncp-

h-√Øp DS¬ Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØpw Xr∏m-Z-ßƒ

Xr∏m-Z-]p-cØp (Xr-∏m-∏q¿)-ambn 18 tbmP\ \o≠p-

\n∂ B Znhy-cq]w ap\n-bpsS Bh-iy-{]-Imcw

Xs‚ tbmK-Z-WvUns‚ aq∂n-cń hep-∏-ap≈ cq]w

kzoI-cn-®p.

3. ]pe-b-_‘w

]Wn-sb-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠p-\n¬°p∂ Hcp ]pe-

bkv{Xo Hcp Ip™ns‚ Ic-®n¬tI v sN∂-t∏mƒ

Akm-[m-cW kuμ-cy-ap≈ HcmÏp-™ns\

I≠p. B Ip™ns\ ssIøn¬ tImcn-sb-SpØp

ape-∏m-eq-ń. im¥-\mb inip-hns\ ]Xps° Hcp

- 27 -


Cep-∏-a-c-Øns‚ Np-h-ń¬ InS-Øn. DS≥ A©p-X-

e-bp≈ Hcp k¿∏w {]Xy-£-s∏´v inip-hns\ ac-

s∏m-Øn-\p-≈n--te°v sIm≠p-t]mbn ^W-ap-

b¿Øn kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hnh-c-a-dn™p

cmPmhp DS≥ Ahn-sS-sbØn t£{Xw \n¿Ωn-®p.

]n¬°m-eØp {]kn-≤-amb ]pØ-cn -°≠w

kt¥m-j-ambn B kv{Xo°v ]Xn-®p-\¬Ip-Ibpw

sNbvXp.

4. hnez-aw-K-e-Øns‚ IY

]fl-\m-`-kzm-an-t£-{X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´

G‰hpw {]Nm-c-ap≈ IY hnez-aw-K-e-Øns‚XmWv.

Znhm-I-c-ap-\n-bpsS IY-tbmSp kmay-ap-≈-Xm-Wn-Xv.

ChnsSbpw ]qPm-th-f-I-fn¬ {]Xy-£-am-Ip-am-bn-

cp∂ ss]X-ens\ ]pdw-ssI-sIm≠p X≈n-am-‰n-

b-t∏mƒ Ipń A{]-Xy-£-am-bn. A\-¥≥Im-ń¬

ImWm-sa∂p Ai-cocntI´p. A\-¥≥ ImS-t\z-

jn®v I≠p-]n-Sn-°m-\m-hmsX Xf¿∂ Hcp ac-®p-

h-ń¬ hn{i-an-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂ hnez-aw-Kew ""Ic-

®n¬ \n¿Øn-bn-s√-¶n¬ A\-¥≥ Imń-te-s°-

dnbpw''sa∂ Ai-cocn tI´p. Aßs\ A\-¥≥

Imń¬ kzman-Iƒ FØn-b-t∏mƒ AhnsS \n∂n-

cp∂ Cep-∏-acw tLmc-i-_vZ-tØmsS \new-]-Xn-

°p-Ibpw A\-¥s‚ ]pdØv ibn-°p∂ {io]-fl-

\m-`-cq-]sØ Z¿in-°p-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. Xs‚ `‡n-

{]-I-Sn-∏n-°m-\mbn Hcp Nnc-´-bn¬ Ahn-S∂p ]dn-

s®-SpØ amß \nth-Zn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. B Nnc-´-

X-s∂-bmWv Ct∏mƒ kz¿Æhpw cXv\-ßfpw

s]mXn™p kwc-£n-®p-sIm≠p \nthZyw ka¿∏n-

°p-∂-Xv. {io]-fl-\m-`-kzman t£{X-Øn\p ]Sn-

™mdp`mKsØ \Sp-hn¬ aT-Ønse {ioIr-jvW-

t£{Xw hnez-aw-K-e-Øp-kzm-an-bm-cpsS kam-[n-bn¬

{]Xn -jvTn -°-s∏-´ -Xm -sW∂pw Icp -Xp∂p.

Imk¿tIms´ Ipº-f-°-SpØ A\-¥-]p-c-t£{Xw

]≠p Xpfp-tZ-i-Øns‚ `mK-am-bn-cp-∂p. A\-¥-]-

fl-\m` {]Xn-jvT-bp≈ Ipº-f-bnse A\-¥-]pcw

t£{X-hp-ambp≈ Znhm-I-c-ap-\n-bpsS _‘hpw,

C∂v Xpfp-{_m-“-Wm-cn-hn-SpsØ ]qP-sb-∂Xpw

Ncn-{X-]-c-ambn Cu c≠p t£{X-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈

_‘-Øn\p-Zm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv. Cu sFXn-ly-

ßƒ°v sshcp-≤y-ß-tfm-sSm∏w Nne-k-am-\-X-I-

fp-ap-≠v.

A\-¥-imbn hn{Klw

InS-°p∂ {io]-fl-\m-`-kzm-an-bpsS AXn-Kw-

ò-c-amb cq]w Dƒs∏sS {iotIm-hn-en¬ ImWp∂

F√m hn{K-l-ßfpw

IS p -i¿° - c -I q - ´ p --

sIm≠p \n¿Ωn-®-h-

bmWv. `K -hm≥.

e£van-tZho, qan-tZhn

F∂n -h -cpsS A`n -

tjI hn{K-l-ßfpw

{ i o ] - fl - \ m - ` s ‚

iothen _nw_hpw,

inh-enw-Khpw Fgp-∂-

≈n-∏p-Iƒ°p-]-tbm-Kn-

°p∂ c≠v Kcp -U-

∑mcpw am{X-amWv A]-

hm-Z-ßƒ. {io]-fl-\m-

` -kzman inc v

sX°pw ]mZ -ßƒ

hS°pw hc -Ø-°-

hÆw sh®p-sIm≠pw

t_m[-]q¿Δ-amb \n{Z-

bn¬ A\-¥s‚

- 29 -


]pdØv \nh¿∂p-In-S-°p-∂p. ap≥]v Cep-∏-Ø-Sn-bn-

ep-≠m-°n-bn-cp∂ hn{K-l-Ønse ssNX\yw

]n∂oSv ISp-i¿°-c-tbm-K-Ønse hn{K-l-Øn-te°v

Bhm-ln-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.

t\∏m-fnse KWvU-Io\-Zn-bpsS ASn-Ø-

ń¬\n∂v tiJ-cn®p B\-∏p-dØph®p sIm≠p-

h∂ ]¥o-cm-bncw kmf{Kmaßƒ sIm≠p-\n-d-®-

XmWv hn{K-l-Øns‚ A¥¿`mKw. kmf-{Km-a-

Øn¬ hnjvWp-ssN-X\yw \nd-™n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂-

XmWv hnizm-kw. Cu hn{K-l-Øn\v 22 ASn \of-

ap-s≠-∂mWv Icp-X-s∏- p-h-cp-∂-Xv. \nc-h[n Huj-

[-ßƒ tN¿Øp≈ AXn-hn-in-jvS-am-b, k¶o¿Æ-

amb Hcp {]{In-b-bn-eq-sS-bmWv ISp-i¿°-c-tbmKw

Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xv. AXy-]q¿Δ-amb Cu tbmKw tIc-

f-Øns‚ kw`m-h-\-bm-sW-¶nepw CØcw hn{K-

l-ßƒ tIc-f-Øn¬Øs∂ Ipd-hm-Wv. t£{X-\-

ho-I-c-W-tØm-sSm∏w am¿Øm-WvU-h¿Ω alm-cm-

Pm-hmWv hn{Klw ]pXp°n {]Xn-jvTn-®-Xv.

{iotIm-hn-ens‚ aq∂p hmXn-ep-Iƒ Xpd-s∂-

¶n¬ am{Xta hn{Klw apgp-h-\mbn ImWm-s\m°p

\m`n-bn¬ \n∂pw ]pd-s∏-Sp∂ Xma-c-bn¬ {_“m-

hn-s\-°m-Wmw. he-Xp-hiw A\-¥-X¬∏-Øn\p

kao]w \oń-Xq-°n-bn-ń-cn-°p∂ Nn∑p-{Z-tbm-Sp-Iq-

Snb heXp Ic-Øn-\p-Xmsg Hcp inh-enw-K-ap-≠v.

{io]-fl-\m-`s‚ {iotIm-hn-en¬ {_“m-hn-jvWp-

ssih ssNX\yw H∂n®-cp-fp-∂-Xn-\m¬ `mc-X-

Øns‚ a‰p-`m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-ÿ-ambn

ChnsS F√m hnizm-k-ß-fp-sSbpw ka-\z-b-tI-{μ-

am-bn-cp∂p. {io]-fl-\m-`s‚ kao-]Øv k\I

k\μ k\¬ Ipam-cmZn al¿jn-am¿ Bcm-[n-®p-

\n¬°p-∂p. amdn-S-Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bmbn e£van-tZ-hn-

tbbpw Aev]w AIse `qan-tZ-hn-tbbpw {]Xn-

jvTn -®n -cn -°p -∂p. Ah-cpsS kao -] -Ømbn

imWvUney Znhm-I-cmZn al¿jn-amsc ImWmw.

{iotIm-hn-en\p apºn¬ H‰°¬ aWvU-]-

Øn\p ap≥h-iØp Hcp sNdnb apdn-bn¬ {iocm-

a≥, koX e£va-W≥, l\p-am≥ F∂n-h-cpsS hn{K-

l-ßƒ ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p. sX°p-`m-K-Ømbn \c-

knw-l-kzm-ansb {]Xn-jvTn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. {]mNo-\-Im-

e-sØ-∂-t]mse C°m-eØpw \c-knw-l-kzm-an-bp-

ambn _‘-s∏´ \nc-h[n A¤p-X-I-Y-Iƒ ‡-P-

\-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ {]N-cn-®n-´p-≠v. hSs° \me-º-

e-Øn¬ Hcp thZ-hymk t£{Xw D≠v. [¿Ω-a-

WvU-]-Ønse Icn-¶¬ XqWn¬ {iol-\p-ams‚

Hcp hen-b-hn-{Klw sImØn-bn-´p-≠v. t£{X-a-

Xn¬°-I-Øp-Xs∂ {io]-fl-\m-`-kzm-an-t£-{X-

tØmfw ]g-°-ap≈ Xncp-h-ºmSnt£{Xw ImWmw

sX°p-]-Sn-™m-dp-`m-K-Ømbn heXp hi-Ømbn

imkvXm-hns‚ Hcp]-tZ-hm-e-bhpw D≠v. Ch

IqSmsX Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dns‚ Ncn-{X-hp-ambn _‘-

s∏´p \nc-h[n t£{X-ßfpw Cu t£{X-Øns‚

]cn-k-c-Ømbn D≠v.

]qPm-hn-[n-Iƒ

Gsd k¶o¿Æ-ß-fmb ]qPm-hn-[n-I-fmWv

]fl-\m-`-kzman t£{X-Øn-te-Xv. {]Xy-£-Øn¬

Xangv kzm[o\w ImWm-sa-¶nepw tIc-fo-b-Xm-{¥n-

I-hn-[n-{]-Im-c-ap≈ Icv°-i-amb hyh-ÿ-I-fmWv

Chn-SpsØ ]qPm-hn-[n-Iƒ°p-≈-Xv. kwK-ta-i-]pcn

(C-cn-ßm-e-°p-S) {Kma-Ønse ]e-ip-cm-a-\m¬ Xnc-

s™-Sp-°-s∏´ Xc-W-\-√q¿ IpSpw-_-°m-cmWv Chn-

SpsØ X{¥n-am¿. tIc-f-Ønse H´p an° t£{X-

ß-fnepw X{¥-k-ap-®-b-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-

emWv ]qPm-Zn-Iƒ \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂-sX-¶nepw ]c-

ip-cm-a-]-≤-Xn-{]-Im-c-amWv Chn-SpsØ Xm{¥nI NS-

ßp-Iƒ \nb-{¥n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ cmP-

Ip-Spw-_-Ønse apJy-]p-tcm-ln-X-ÿm-\hpw Xc-W-

\-√q-cn\v Xs∂-bm-Wv.

{io]-fl-\m-`-kzman t£{X-Ønse {][m-\-

s∏´ Hcp ]Z-hn-bmWv ]pjv]m-RvPen kzman-bm¿

Xr»q-cnse \Sphn¬ aT-Øn¬\n∂pw I\ym-Ip-amcn

Pn√-bnse ap©nd aT-Øn¬ \n∂p-amWv Chsc

sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. ipI-]p-cw, s]cp-h\w, Cc-

ßm-e-°pS F∂o {Kma-ß-fnse A·n-tlm-Xn-I-

fmb \ºq-Xn-cn-amsc am{Xsa AXm-Xpa-T-ß-fn¬

Ah-tcm-[n-®n-cp-∂p-≈q. Bdp-amkw hoXw XpS¿®-

bm-bn-´mWv Ch¿ Ah-tcm-[n-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv. {io]-

fl-\m-`-kzm-an°v \nXyhpw cmhnse Bdp apX¬

F´p-hsc {iotIm-hn-en¬ ]pjv]m-⁄en \S-Øp-

- 31 -


I-bmWv At±-l-Øns‚ Npa-X-

e. Imhn -h -kv{X-[m -cn -bmb

k\ym-kn-bm-bn-cp -∂-Xn-\m¬

Xs‚ ]Zhn ImWn -°p∂

ZWvUv - {io -tIm -hn -te°p

sIm≠p-t]m-Im≥ At±-lsØ

A\p-h-Zn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. {io\-c-

knw-l-kzm-an°p Xncp-h-ºmSn

IrjvW-kzm-an°pw At±-lw-X-

s∂-bmWv ]pjv]m-⁄en \S-

Øp-∂-Xv.

\ºn-am¿

{][m\ ]qPm-cn-am-cmb

\mep \ºn-amcpw tPmen-bn¬

{]th-in-°p-tºmgpw hnc-an-°p-

tºmgpw ]pjv]m-⁄en kzman-

bm-cmWv Imcy-ßƒ \n¿Δ-ln-

°p-∂-Xv. kzman-bm¿ t£{X-Øn-

se-Øn-bm¬ ap∂n¬ tImep-hn-f-°p-ambn Hcp ]cn-

Nm-c-I≥ apºn-ep-≠m-Ipw. \ºn-am-cn¬ s]cnb \ºn-

bmWv Xe-h≥. At±-lhpw ]©-K-hyØp

\ºnbpw apJy {iotIm-hn-en-\-IsØ F√m NS-

ßp-Ifpw \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂p. sXt°-S-Øp-\ºn {io\-

c-knw-l-kzman t£{X-Øn-tebpw Xncp-h-\-ºmSn

\ºn Ahn-S-tØbpw ]qP-Iƒ \S-Øp-∂p. Cu c≠p

\ºn-am¿°p Imcyw \n¿Δ-ln-°m≥ km[n-°msX

h∂m¬ {io]-fl-\m-`s‚ ]qP-bv°m-bp≈ \ºn-

am¿°p Cu tPmen sNømw. F∂m¬ adn®p A\p-

hm-Z-an√. ]qPm-hr-Øn-bn¬ \n∂pw hnc-an-°p∂

s]cn-b-ºn°v as‰mcp t£{X-Øn¬ ]qP-\-S-Øm≥

A\p-hm-Z-an-√. 4 \ºn-amsc IqSmsX Ccp-]-Øn-\mep

t]m‰n-amcpw im¥n-°m-cm-bp-≠v. Ch¿ Imk¿tImUv

Pn√-bnse Nμ-Kn -cn -∏p -g°p Ccp -h -i-Øp-

\n∂pap≈hcm-bn-cn-°pw. tPmen-bn¬ {]th-in-°p-

tºmgpw hnc-an-°p-tºmgpw Ch¿ ]pjv]m-⁄en

kzman-bmsc \a-kv°-cn-°-Ww. aq∂p-h¿j-tØ°p

\nb-an-°-s∏-Sp∂ \ºn-am¿ Bdm- n-\pw, ]≈n-th-

´°pw am{Xsa t£{Xw hn´p-t]m-Im≥ A\p-hm-Z-ap-

≈q. ]pd-Øn-d-ßp-tºmƒ Hme-°pS ]nSn--°-W-sa∂v

\n¿∫-‘-ap-≈-Xn-\m¬ Chsc IpS-im¥n F∂p-]-

d-™p-h-cp-∂p. ]t£ t£{X-ß-fn¬ ]c-a-amb

ÿm\w X{¥n-°p-X-s∂-bm-Wv. X{¥n-am-cpsS NS-ßp-

Iƒ sNøm≥ ]pjv]m-⁄en kzman-bm¿°p Ah-

Im-i-an-√. X{¥n-am¿°p hne-°p-h-∂m¬ D’-hm-Zn-

Iƒ \oń-h-°p-I-am-{Xta \nhr-Øn-bp-≈q. X{¥n-am-

cmbpw ]pjv]m-⁄en kzman-bm-cmbpw D∂-X-Ip-e-

Pm-X-cmb \ºq-Xn-cn-am¿ Ah-tcm-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xns‚

]n∂n¬ hnez -aw -K-e-hp -am -bp≈ _‘hpw

Imk¿tImSpIm-cmb Xpfp-t]m-‰n-am¿ \ºn-am-cmbpw

]qP°v klm-bn-°p∂ t]m‰n-am-cmbpw \nb-an-°-s∏-

Sp-∂-Xns‚ ]n∂n¬ Znhm-I-c-ap-\n-bp-am-bp≈ _‘-

hp-am-sW∂v Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p.

D’hw

B≠p-tXmdpw Xpemw, ao\w (A-ev]-in- ss]-

¶p-\n) F∂oam-k-ß-fn-emWv 10 Znh-kw-\o-≠p-

\n¬°p∂ D’-hw. F√m amk-ß-fnepw {]tXyI

BtLm-j-ßƒ t£{X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-ń-´p-≠m-

hpw. t£{X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏ v {io]-fl-\m` kzman-

t£-{X-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®p-h∂ 14 kwKo-tXm-]-I-

c-W-ß--sf-∏-‰nbpw t£{X-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p-h∂

55-˛-Hmfw Iem-cq-]-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw ]gb tcJ-I-fn¬

- 33 -


ImWp∂p≠v. D’-h-°m-eØv ]Øp-Zn-hkw D®°p

cm{Xn-bnepw ioth-en-I-gn™p Be-]n-°m-\p≈

cmK-ßfpw Nn´s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. IY-I-fn-°pw,

imkv{Xob kwKo-X-Øn\pw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ cmP-

Ip-Spw-_mw-K-ßƒ \¬Inb kw`m-h-\-Ifpw Gsd

hne-s∏-´-Xm-W-t√m. Im¿ØnI Xncp-\mƒ alm-

cm-Pm-hns‚ ImeØv ]fl-\m- -kzman t£t{Xm-’-

h-Øn-\p-th≠nbmWv IY-I-fn-bnse sX°≥Nn´

F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ k{º-Zmbw Iπn-ßm´v \ºq-Xn-

cn-bp-ambn kl-I-cn®p Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXpw {]K-¤-

I-em-Im-c-∑msc Dƒs∏-SpØnsIm≠p sIm´mcw

Ifn-tbmKw ÿm]n-®Xpw \h-cm{Xn kwKo-tXm-’-

h-Øn\pw ]mtS≠ IrXn-Iƒ Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-

∂p. ao\-am-k-Ønse D’-h-°m-eØp ]©-]m-

WvU-h-∑m-cpsS òamIm-c-amb {]Xn-a-Iƒ Ae-¶-

cn®p \n¿Øn-bn-cn°pw ]fl-\m-`-kzm-an-t£{Xw

apX¬ iwJp-ap-Jw-hsc h¿Æ-i-_-f-amb Bdm´v

tLmj-bm{X ImWm≥ ]Xn-\m-bn-c-ßƒ ImØn-

cn-°pw. alm-cm-Pmhv ap≠p-am{Xw [cn®v Ducn-∏n-

Sn® DS-hm-tfmSpw cmP-Iob Nn”-ß-tfmSpw tLmj-

bm{X \bn-°p-∂p. D’h ioth-en-Iƒ°p B\-

°p-]-Icw hml-\-ß-fmWv ]Xn-hv. A\ngw Xncp-

\m-fns‚ ImeØv Hcm\ \nb-{¥-Wm-[n-\-a-√m-Xm-

b-Xn-s\-Øp-S¿∂mWv B\-Isf \n¿Øn-bXv

knwlm-k\ hml\w, A\-¥-hm-l-\w, Ia-e-hm-

l-\w, ]√-°p-hm-l-\w, Kcp-U-hm-l-\w, C{μhm-l\w

F∂n-h-bmWv Fgp-∂-≈n-∏n-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ hml-

\-ßƒ. Bdm- n\v B\-Iƒ ]Xn-hp-≠v.

Nn{X-Ie in¬∏w

\nc-h[n at\m-l-c-ß-fmb Nph¿Nn-{X-

ßƒsIm≠v kº-∂-amWv Cu t£{Xw. `mK-h-X-

Ønsebpw cmam-b-W-Øn-sebpw \nc-h[n IYm-

k-μ¿` -ßƒ CXn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp -∂p. I√p -I -

fn¬\n∂pw kky-®m-dp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw e`n-°p∂

{]Ir-Xn-Z-Ø-amb Nmb-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv Ch

hc-®n-´p-≈-Xv. ]Xn-s\´mw \q‰m-≠n¬ \mSp-hm-Wn-

cp∂ A\ngw Xncp-\mƒ am¿Øm-WvU-h¿Ω alm-

cm-Pm-hns‚ Ime-ØmWv an°-Nn-{X-ßfpw hc-®-Xv.

s\øm-‰n-¶c {ioIr-jvW-kzman t£{X-Øn-sebpw

{io]-fl-\m-`-]pcw sIm´m-c-Øn-sebpw `nØn-Nn-{X-

ßfpw GXm≠v CtX-Im-eØv Xs∂-bmWv Bte-

J\w sNø-∏-ń-´p-≈-Xv. tIc-f-Øns‚ X\-Xmb

Nph¿Nn{X ]mc-º-cy-Ønse G‰hpw anI®

amXrIIƒ \ap-°n-hnsS ImWmw.

{io]-fl-\m-`-kzman t£{X-Øn¬ in¬∏-I-

e-bpsS tIc-f-{Zm-hnU k{º-Zm-b-ß-fpsS ka-\zbw

ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. 1686-˛¬ D≠mb h≥Xo-]n-Sp-

ØsØ XpS¿∂mWv XSn-°p-]-Icw Icn-¶√v D]-

tbm-Kn-®p≈ t£{X-\n¿ΩmWw ]fl-\m-`-kzm-an-

t£-{X-Øn¬ Bcw-`n-®-Xv. 1566˛¬ BZn-Xy-h¿Ω

cmPm-hns‚ ImeØv 40 ASn XmgvN-bn¬ at\m-l-

c-amb Ingt° tKm]p-c-Øns‚ Aÿn-hmcw Cs´-

¶nepw Gsd-°mewsIm≠mWv CXp]q¿Øn-bm-b-

Xv. 1729 apX¬ 1758 hsc \mSp-hm-Wn-cp∂ B[p-

\nI Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dns‚ in¬∏n-bmb A\ngw Xncp-

\mƒ hoc-_me am¿Øm-WvU-h¿Ω-bpsS Ime-

ØmWv G‰hpa[nIw hnI-k\ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

\S-Øn-bn-cp-∂Xv XSn-°p-]-Icw Icn-¶√v D]-tbm-

Kn®v ]p\¿\n¿ΩmWw \S-Øn-b-Xm-Wv At±-l-

Øns‚ G‰-hpw-h-enb ]cn-jv°m-cw. 1733-˛¬ {io]-

fl-\m-`s‚ C∂p-Im-Wp∂ ISp-i¿°-c-tbm-K-Øn-

ep≈ hn{Klw {]Xn-jvTn-®Xp At±-l-Øns‚ Ime-

Øm-Wv. AXn-hn-Nn-X-amb H‰°¬ aWvU]w

ÿm]n -®Xpw C°m-e -ØmWv. AS-°m -acw

sIm≠p≈ sImSn-acw am‰n kz¿Æ-s°m-Sn-acw

ÿm]n-®Xpw At±-lw-X-s∂. 1750 P\p-h-cn-bn¬

\S∂ Xr∏-Sn-Zm-\hpw Ct±-l-Øns‚ Ime-Øm-bn-

cp-∂p. t£{X-Øns‚ sX°pw hS°pw ]Sn-™mdpw

sNdnb tKm]p-c-ß-ƒ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-®-tijw A\-

¥-]p-cn-bpsS A`n-am-\-amb Ings° tKm]p-c-Øns‚

5 \ne-Iƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-°m≥ At±-l-Øn\p Ign-

™p. At±-l-Øns‚ ]n≥Km-an-bmb {ioIm¿ØnI

Xncp-\m-fns‚ Ime-ØmWv a‰p c≠p-\n-e-I-ƒ

]q¿Øn-bm-°n-bXv. h≈-Øns‚ BIr-Xn-tbm-Sp-

IqSn tKm]p-c-Øn-\p-ap-I-fn¬ Ggp-kz¿Æ Xmgn-I-

°p-S-ßƒ ÿm]n-®Xpw Im¿ØnI Xncp-\m-fm-Wv.

(h-©n-\mSv F∂ Bi-b-sØ-bmWv CXp hy‡-

am-°p-∂-Xv) k]vX-kv]-c-ßsf ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°m≥

Ign-bp∂ Ggp-Xq-Wp-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb AXn-hn-in-jvS-

amb Ipe-ti-Jc aWvU]w Ct±-l-amWv ]Wn-bn-

- 35 -


®-Xv. Cu c≠p cmPm-°-∑m-cp-sSbpw Imew {io]-

fl-\m- -kzm-an-t£-{X-Øns‚ kph¿Æ Ime-L- -am-

bn-cp∂ Im¿ØnI Xncp-\m-fns‚ Ime-Øv Sn∏p-

kp¬Øm≥ Cu t£{X-Øn-s‚bpw Xncp-hn-Xmw-

Iq-dn-s‚bpw kºXv kar-≤n-I≠p c≠p-X-hW

Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dns‚ t\sc B{I-a-W-{iaw \S-Øn.

Xs‚ IpXn-csb {io]-fl-\m- -kzm-an-t£-{X-Ønse

sImSn-a-c-Øn¬sI-´p-sa∂v At±lw {]Jym-]n-

°pIbpw sNbvXncp-∂p. ]t£ Cu B{Klw k -

e-am-Ip-∂-Xn-\p-apºv Sn∏p-hns‚ ]X\w D≠m-bn.

Sn∏p-hns‚ sImSn hmƒ ]cnN F∂nh Xncp-hn-

Xmw-Iq¿ tk\-cm-P-k-a-£-Øn¬ FØn-®p. cmPm-

hns‚ Hcp kvt\ln-X\pw klm-bn-bpw-Bb

I¿Æm-SnI \hm-_ns‚ Bh-iy-{]-Imcw hmfpw

]cn-Nbpw XncnsI sImSp-sØ-¶nepw Sn∏p-hns‚

]X-\-Øns‚ {]Xo-I-ambn At±-l-Øns‚ ISpw-

]-®-s°mSn Bdm-´vtLm-j-bm-{X-bpsS ap∂n¬

{]Z¿in-∏n-®p. AXns‚ {]Xn-cq-]-amb ]®-∏-XmI

C∂pw Bdm´v tLmj-bm-{Xsb A\p-K-an-®p-h-cp-

∂p.

apd-P]w e£-Zo]w

{io]-fl-\m-`-kzman t£{X-Ønse BNm-c-

{]-[m-\-amb Hcp NS-ßmWv apd-P]w aq∂p-th-Z-

ßfpw \nXyhpw sNm√p∂ \mZ-{_“m]mk-\-

bmWv apd-P-]w. Bgvhmt©cn X{ºm-°ƒ, Xncp-

\m-hmb hm[ym-∑m¿ Xc-W-\-√q¿ X{¥n-am¿ F∂n-

h-cpsS ta¬t\m-´-Øn-emWv apd-P]w \S-Øn-bn-cp-

∂-Xv. 56 Znh-k-ßƒ \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ Hcp NS-

ßm-bn-cp∂p CXv. e£-Zo]w apd-P-]-Øns‚ Ah-

km\ Znhkw \S-°p∂ e£w-Zo-]-ß-fpsS atlm-

’-h-am-Wn-Xv. Ime-Øns‚ am‰-ßƒ Cu BtLm-

j-ß-sfbpw _m[n-®n- p-≠v.

Xr∏-Sn-Zm\w

t£{X-Øns‚bpw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-s‚bpw

Ncn-{X-Ønse Hcp kp{]-[m\ kw`-h-amWv Xr∏-

Sn-Zm-\w. F.-Un. 1750- ¬ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ cn-®n-cp∂

A\ngw Xncp-\mƒ am¿Øm-WvU-h¿Ω alm-cm-Pmhv

I\ym-Ip-amcn apX¬ ]d-hq¿hsc hym]n-®n-cp∂

Xs‚ cmPy-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Imcw {io]-fl-\m-

`\pka¿∏n® kw`-h-amWv Xr∏-Sn-Zm-\w. {io]-fl-

\m` Zmk-\m-bmWv alm-cm-Pmhv cmPyw `cn-®n-cp-

∂-Xv. bYm¿∞ A[n-Imcn ]fl-\m-`-kzm-an-X-s∂.

Cu ÿm\w {_nójv k¿°mcpw A\p-h-Zn®p

sImSp-Øn-cp-∂p.

t£{X-{]-th-i\ hnfw-_cw

1936-˛se Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse t£{X-{]-th-

i\ hnfw-_-cw tIc-fNcn-{X-Øn¬ kz¿Æ-en-]n-

I-fm¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ≠ Hcp alm-kw-`-h-am-bn-cp-

∂p. P\Ømtem, aX-Ømtem lnμp-hmb GsXm-

cmƒ°pw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse t£{X-ß-fn¬ {]th-

in-°p-∂-Xnt\m Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xnt\m bmsXm-cp-

hn[ \ntcm-[-\-ßfpw Cs√∂ {]Jym-]-\w-sIm≠p

NnØnc Xncp-\m-fns‚ {]h¿ Ønsb B[p-\nI

`mc-X-Ønse A¤pXw F∂pw-hn-ti-jn-∏n®

almfl Km‘n NnØnc Xncp-\m-fns\ B[p-\nI

Atim-I≥ F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Ccp-]-Øn-\memw hb- n-emWv ]ptcm-K-a-\-]-c-amb

Cu Xocp-am\w At±lw FSp-Ø-Xv F∂m-Wv

as‰mcp khn-ti-j-X.

cmPyhpw A[n-Im-chpw \jvS-s∏-s´-¶nepw

C∂pw {io]-fl-\m-`-kzm-an-t£{Xw cmP-Ipw-_-

Øns‚Xp Xs∂-bm-Wv. cmP- -c-W-Im-eØv \S-∂n-cp∂

]e sNe-hp-Ifpw shń-°p-d-t°-≠n-h-∂p-sh-¶nepw

C∂pw ]fl-\m- -kzman t£{X-Øns‚ al-Xz-Øn\v

Hcp t]mdepw G¬°m-Ø-hn[w `cWw \S-Øn-s°m-

≠p-t]m-Im≥ cmP-IpSpw-_-Øn\p Ign-bp-∂p-≠v.

AizXn Xncp -\mƒ Kucn e£van -`mbv Xºp -cmń : aI-c -tPymXn

kvac-Wn-Ibv°pth≠n kZbw Ab-®p- X∂ ""{io]-fl-\m- -kzman t£{Xw'' F∂

_rl-Ømb {KŸsØ Bkv]-Z -am°n ]{Xm -[n]kan -Xn -°p -th≠n

{io. Fw.-B¿.-F-kv. tat\m≥ Xøm-dm-°n-b-Xv.

- 37 -


ae-bn≥Iogv tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥

B‰p-Im¬ s]m¶me(temIØnse G‰hpw henb h\nXmkwKaw)

temIØn¬

G‰hpw IqSp -X¬

h\n-X-Iƒ ]s¶-Sp-

°p∂ NS -ßmbn

B‰p-Im¬ s]m¶me

D’hw Kn∂kv

_p°n¬ CSw-t\-Sn-

°-gn -™p. Ccp -

]Øn A©ve£w

a¶-am-cmWv Hscm‰

Znh-ksØ s]m¶m-

ebv°v FØp-∂-

Xmbn Kn∂kv

thƒUv dn°m¿Uv

Ah-km\w tcJ-s∏-

Sp-Øn-b-Xv. F∂m¬

AXns‚ FÆw

Hmtcm h¿jhpw

IqSn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-

bm -Wv . Hcn°¬

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw \K-c-Øn¬ am{Xw HXpßn \n∂n-

cp∂ NS-ßm-bn -cp∂p B‰p-Im¬ s]m¶m-e.

F∂m¬ a‰p Pn√-Ifn-te°pw AhnsS \n∂pw tIc-

f-am-sIbpw ]n∂oSv sXs° C¥y-bnse {][m\

kwÿm-\-ß-fnepw hf-sc-s∏-s -∂mWv AXv hym]n-

®-Xv. C∂v temIØv FhnsS ae-bm-fn-I-fpt≠m

Ahn-SsØ ae-bmfna¶-am-cpsS a\- n¬ B‰p-Im¬

s]m¶me ÿm\w-]n-Sn-®n-´p-≠v. Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw

\mń¬ hcp-tºmƒ B‰p-Im¬ tZhnsb kμ¿in-

°pI Ah-cpsS kz]v\w Bbn- p-≠v. temI-Øns‚

\m\m-`m-K-Øp-\n∂pw t]mÃv hgnbpw C‚¿s\‰v

hgnbpw Chn-tSbv°v HgpIp∂ \nth-Zy-Øn-\p≈

XpI-Iƒ Cu `‡n-bpsS sXfn-hm-Wv. Fhn-

tSbv°pw {]kmZw Ab-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-hm-\p≈ kwhn-

[m\w t£{Xw {SÃv Hcp°n-bn-´p-≠v. [mcmfw

hntZih\n-X-Ifpw Ct∏mƒ t£{Xw ImWphm\pw

AXns‚ apºn-ep≈ hnf-°p-Im-en¬ \mcßm

hnf°v IØn-°phm\pw FØp-∂p-≠v. hntZih\n-

Xsf kw_-‘n®v C{Xbpw henb h\nXmkwKaw

IuXpI ImgvN-bm-Wv. Ah-cn¬ Nne¿ ap≥ssI

FSp-ØmWv B‰p-Im¬ s]m¶me temIdn°m¿Un¬

FØn-®-Xv. CSbv°v `q´m≥cm⁄n Ajn-tZm¿Pn

hmIvtam thMvNp-°v, aItfmsSm∂n®v B‰p-Im¬

kμ¿in-®Xv henb hm¿Øm {]m[m\yw D≠m-

°n. s]m¶m-e -bn¬ ]s¶-Sp -°m≥ [mcmfw

hntZih\n-X-Ifpw Ct∏mƒ FØp-∂p-≠v. CXp

IqSmsX hntZi h\nXm]{X-te-J-I-cpw, sSen-hn-

j≥ dnt∏m¿´-amcpw FØp-∂p-≠v.

- 39 -


"k{Xo-I-fpsS

i_-cn -ae' F∂v

Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ B‰p-

Im¬ t£{X-Ønse

s ] m ¶ m - e b v ° v

{]tXy-I-X-Iƒ Gsd-

bm-Wv. CXv e£-°-

W-°n\v a¶-am-cpsS

`‡n-bpsS kwK-a-am-

Wv. AXn¬ sF.-F.-

F v., sF.-]n.-F-kv.-

Im¿ apX¬ ]md

sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒhsc

D≠v. ]mhm-S-°mcn

apX¬ ]Sp-hr-≤-hsc

tZho - {]o -X nb v° v

s]m¶me A¿∏n -

°phm≥ FØp-∂p.

F∂m¬ s]m¶me

Znhkw Ah¿ F√m-

hcpw ]Z-hnbpw ]{Xmkpw {]mbhpw F√mw ad∂v

H∂mIp-∂p. shbn-epw, Xobpw, ]pIbpw F√mw

ad∂v B‰p-Im¬ tZhnbv°v apºn¬ A\p-k-c-W-

bp≈ Ipń -I -sf -t∏mse H‰a -\ -t msS

Ah¿ s]m¶me ss\thZyw D≠m-°p-∂Xv hntZ-

in-a¶-am¿°v A¤pX ImgvN-bm-Wv. hniz-kp-μ-cn-

]´w Inń-b-h-cpw, kn\n-am-Xm-cßfpw, h\nX t\Xm-

°-fpw, hIp∏v A≤y-£-Ifpw F√mw kz¥w

ssIsIm-≠mWv s]m¶me Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xv.

`‡nbpsS \n¿hr-Xn -bn¬ apßn-\n¬°p∂

Ah¿°v Xobpw ]pIbpw shbnepw H∂pw {]iv\-

am-In-√. Hcp h¿jw B‰p-t\m-‰n-cp-∂mWv Ah¿

s]m¶m-ebv°v FØp-∂-Xv . s]m¶m-e -bn¬

]pWymlw hogp-∂-tXmsS am{Xta Ah-cpsS a\-

nse `‡n-bpsS ]mc-hiyw ]q¿W-am-Ip-∂p≈q.

C\n ASpØ h¿jw ImWmw F∂v ]d-™mWv

F√m-hcpw bm{X-bm-Ip-∂-Xv.

bmK-im-e-bmbn amdp∂ A\-¥-]pcn

cmP-`-c-W-Øns‚ ]cn-em-f-\-tb‰v hf¿∂

A\-¥-]p-cnbv°v D’-h-ßfpw NS-ßp-Ifpw ]pØ-

cn-b-√. F∂m¬ AsX√mw \njv{]- -am-°p-∂-XmWv

B‰p-Im¬ s]m¶me D’-hw. t£{X-Øn\v Np‰p-

ap≈ ]Øp]Xn-\©v Intem-ao-‰¿ Np‰-f-hn¬ ASp-

∏p-IƒsIm≠v \nd-bpw. s]m¶m-ebv°v BgvN-

Iƒ°p apºp -Xs∂ temdn-I-fn¬ e£-°-W-°n\v

aÏ-e-ßfpw Nń-Ifpw NpSp-I-√p-Ifpw sX°≥

tIc-f-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xan-gv\m-ń¬ \n∂pw Xncp-h-

\-¥-]p-c-tØbv°v HgpIm≥ XpS-ßpw. Ch-bpsS

henb Iq\-Iƒ Ingt°tIm´ apX¬ B‰p-Im¬

hsc-bp≈ tdmUns‚ Ccp-`m-KØpw ÿm\w ]nSn-

bv°pw. Iehpw Nńbpw am{X-a√ s]m¶m-e-bv°m-

h-iy-amb kma-{Kn-I-fpsS hnev]-\ im-e-Iƒ Fßpw

ImWmw. s]m¶m-e-tbmSv A\p-_-‘n®v Nme-bnepw

tIm´-bv°-I-Øp-ap≈ I®-hS tI{μ-ß-fnepw h≥

Xnc-°m-bn-cn-°pw. Ipw`-am-k-Ønse Im¿ØnI

\£-{X-Øn-emWv B‰p-Im¬ D’-h-Øns‚ XpS-

°w. Im∏vsIń IpSn-bn-cp-ØemWv A∂sØ

{][m\ NS-ßv. ]©-tem-l-Øn¬ Xo¿Ø c≠p

Im∏p-Iƒ ssIX-\m-cn¬ tIm¿Øv H∂v tZhn-bpsS

DS-hm-fnepw as‰m∂v ta¬im-¥n-bpsS ssIønepw

X{¥n- sI-´p-∂p. H≥]Xmw Znh-k-amWv {]kn-≤-

- 41 -


amb s]m¶m-e. A∂v cmhnse apX¬ Bbnc°-

W-°n\v _men-I-am-cpsS Xme-s∏men \S-°pw.

aq∂mw Znhkw IpØn-tbm´ t\¿®-bpsS XpS-°-

am-bn. 12 hb- n\v Xmsg-bp≈ BÏp-ń-IfmWv

IpØn-tbm´ {hXw \S-Øp-∂-Xv. Ign™ h¿jw

Bbn-c-Øn-tesd IpØn-tbm-´-°m-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

Ah-sc√mw s]m¶m-e-hsc t£{X-Øn¬Øs∂

{hX-tØmsS Ign-b-Ww. Ch-cmWv s]m¶me

Znhkw cm{Xn tZhnsb ]pdØv Fgp-∂-≈n-°p-

tºmƒ AI-ºSn tkhn-°p-∂-Xv. cmhnse aW-

°mSv imkvXm-t£-{X-Øn-se-Øn-t®-cp∂ tZho

hn{K-lw, AhnsS Zo]m-cm-[\ \S-Øp-∂-tXmsS

Xncn-s®-gp-∂-≈Øv Bcw-`n-°pw. ]n∂oSv t£{X-

Øn¬ \S-°p∂ IpcpXn X¿∏-W-

tØmsS s]m¶me D’-h-Øn\v kam-

]-\-am-Ipw.

D’-h-Øns‚ H≥]Xmw Znh-k-

amb s]m¶m-ebv°v F{Xtbm apºp-

Xs∂ t£{X-]-cn -kcw ASp -∏p -

IƒsIm≠v \nd-bpw. D’hw XpS-ßp-

tºmƒØs∂ {hX-sa-SpØv [mcmfw

`‡-P-\-ßƒ s]m¶me kma-{Kn-I-fp-

ambn t£{X-ØnseØmdp-≠v. Ah¿

s]m¶me Ignt™ aS-ßp-I-bp-≈q.

t£{X-Ønse {]kmZw Ign®v Ah¿

Ahn-sS-Øs∂ Ign-®p-Iq-´p-∂p. CØ-

c-°m¿ am{X-a-√, kn‰n-bnse ]e- `m-

KØpw Xma-kn-°p-∂-hcpw s]m¶m-

ebv°p apºp-Xs∂ t£{X-]-cn-k-

cØpw _‘p-°-fpsS ho´p-ap-‰Øpw

ASp-∏p-Iqń Ah-Imiw ÿm]n-°p-∂p.

D’hw XpS-ßn-bm¬ ]Xn-\m-bn-c-°-

W-°n\v ‡-P-\-ß-fmWv Hmtcm Znh-

khpw t£{X-Øn-se-Øp-I. {Sm^nIv

kwhn-[m\w ]e-t∏mgpw XI-cp∂ hn[-

Øn-emWv Cu Xnc-°v. t£{X]cn-k-

c-Øp≈ \m\m-Pm-Xn-a-X-ÿ¿ H‰ a\-

t m -Sp -Iq -S nbmWv C°m-eØv

{]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. ho´p-ap-‰-hpw, hoSpw

]cn-k-c-hpw, hgn-Ifpw F√mw s]m¶m-

e-°m¿°mbn Ah¿ hn´p-sIm-Sp-°p-

∂p. s]m¶m-e-°m¿°v sh≈w \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\pw,

Ah¿°v {]mY-anI kuI-cy-ßƒ D≠m°n sImSp-

°p-∂-Xn\pw \m\m-PmXnaX-ÿ-cmb \m´p-Im¿

Xøm-dm-bn-cn-°pw. Nne ap…nw]≈n-]-cn-k-cw-IqSn

s]m¶me ASp∏v Iq´p-∂-Xn\v Xpd∂p sImSp-°p-

∂-Xn¬ \n∂p-Xs∂ aX-ku-lm¿Zw Duln-°m-hp-

∂-Xm-Wv. D’hw XpS-ßp-∂-Xn-\p- ap-ºp-Xs∂ \K-

c-Ønse \m\m-`m-KØpw D’h IΩ-‰n-Iƒ cq]w-

sIm-≈pw. AXn\v t£{X-hp-ambn _‘-an-√.

AXmXv ÿesØ \m´p-Im-cpw, dkn-U‚ vkv

At m-kn-tb-j-\p-I-fpw, kmwkv°m-cn-I-˛-sXm-gn-

emfn kwL-S-\-Ifpw tN¿∂mWv kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-

∂-Xv. s]m¶m-ebv°v FØp∂ `‡-P-\-ßƒ°v

- 43 -


IpSn -sh -≈-hpw ,

tamcpsh≈hpw

\¬Ip -∂-Xn\pw

k w L - S - \ - I ƒ

k w h n - [ m \ w

G¿s∏ -S p -ØpI

]Xn-hm-Wv. F√mw

ad∂v B‰p-Im¬

D’hw hnP-bn-∏n-

°m-\p≈ HsØm

cpa F√m-bn-SØpw

Zriy-am-Ipw. \qdv

IW-°n\v Hmt´m-dn-

£-Iƒ s]m¶me

Znhkw kuP-\y-

khmcn \S-Øm≥

Xøm-dm-IpI ]Xn-

hm-Wv. D’-h-Øn-

t\m, a‰v ]cn-]m-Sn-

Iƒt°m \m´p -

I m c n ¬ \ n ∂ p w

]Ww ]ncnbv

°mØ t£{X-

amWv B‰p-Im¬.

s]m¶me Znhkw Pn√bv°v s]mXp- A-h-[n-bm-

Wv.

s]m¶me Znhkw t£{X-]-cn-k-c-Øpw,

s]m¶me CSp∂ ÿeØpw ]pcp-j-∑m¿°v

I¿i\ \nb-{¥Ww D≠v. ]mkv D≈-htc am{Xsa

IS-Øn-hn-Sq. Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v hmf‚n-b¿amcpw

t]meo-kp-Imcpw cwK-Øp-≠m-Ipw. D’hw XpS-ßp-

∂-Xn\p apºp-Xs∂ k¿°m¿Xe-Øn¬ Hcp°-

ßƒ°p≈ Ah-tem-I-\-tbmKw IqSpw. a{¥n-am¿,

{]Xn-]£t\Xm-hv, tab¿, D∂X DtZym-K-ÿ-∑m¿,

P\- {] -Xn -\n -[n -Iƒ XpS -ßn -b -h -c -S -ßnb

IΩ-‰n-bmWv kpc-£m-{I-ao-I-c-W-ßƒ hne-bn-cp-

Øp-∂-Xv.

t£{X-Øn\p apºn¬ k÷o-I-cn-®n-´p≈

]≠mc ASp-∏n¬ ]qPmcn NS-ßp-Iƒ°p- tijw

Xo sXfn-bn-°p-∂-tXm-sS-bmWv s]m¶m-ebv°v XpS-

°w. hmbv°p-c-h-bpw, tZhn-kvtXm-{X-ßfpw, sN≠-

ta-fhpw \nd™ A¥-co-£-Øn¬ t£{X-Øn-\p-

Np‰pw Intem-ao-‰¿ Zqc-Øn¬ e£-°-W-°n\v ASp-

∏p-I-fn¬ Xo Db-cpw. ]≠mc ASp-∏n¬ Xo ]I¿∂

hnhcw tdUn-tbm, sSen-hn-j≥, D®- m-jWn F∂n-

h-bn-eqsS Adn-bn-°m≥ kwLm-SI kan-Xn-Iƒ

G¿∏mSv D≠m-°n-bn-´p-≠v. ASp-∏p-I-fn¬ Xo Db-

cp-∂-tXmsS A\-¥-]p-cn-bpsS \s√m-cp-`mKw bmK-

im-e-t]m-se-bm-Ipw. AhnsS \n∂pw Db-cp∂ ]pI-

sIm≠v A¥-co£w aqSn-s°-´pw. s]m¶m-e, ]mb-

kw, a≠∏p-‰v, sXcfn F∂n-h-bmWv ‡-P-\-ßƒ

Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xv. sshIp-t∂cw ]pjv]-hrjvSn \S-

Øn-s°m≠v A¥-co-£-Øn¬ slen-tIm-]v‰¿ ]d-

°p-∂-tXmsS \nth-Zy-Øn-\p≈ ka-b-am-Ipw.

At∏mƒ \qdv IW-°n\v ]qPm-cn-am¿ Xo¿∞Pehp-

ambn "t\Zn-bv°¬' NS-ßn\v Cd-ßpw. s]m¶m-e-

bn¬ Xo¿∞-Pew hogp-∂-tXmsS Ah-bp-ambn ‡-

- 45 -


P-\-ßƒ aS-°-bm{X Bcw- n-bv°pw. Hcp h¿jsØ

ImØn-cn∏v Aßs\ Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p. s]m¶m-

e-°m¿°v k©-cn-°phm≥ {Sm≥kvt]m¿ v tIm¿∏-

td-j-\pw, sdbn¬th-bp-sa√mw {]tXyI k¿Δo-kp-

Iƒ G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. Pn√-bpsS hnhn[ `mK-

ß-fn¬ \n∂pw A\yPn√-I-fn¬ \n∂pw h∂n´p≈

hml-\-ß-fpw-sIm≠v aWn-°q-tdmfw KXm-KXw

kvXw`n-°pw.

t£{X sFXnlyw

In≈n B‰ns‚ ]Sn-™mtd Ic-bn-emWv

B‰p-Im¬ tZhot£{Xw ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-Xv. ]≠v

Cu {]tZ-isØ {][m\ Xd-hm-Sm-bn-cp∂ ap√p-ho-

ńse Imc-W-h¿°v In≈n B‰n≥Ic-bn¬ sh®v

Hcp _men-I-bpsS cq]-Øn¬ tZhoZ¿i\w

D≠mbn F∂mWv Cu t£{X-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ BZy

sFXn-lyw. cm{Xn kz]v\-Øn¬ tZhn, ASp-Øp≈

Imhn¬ aq∂v hc-Iƒ ImWp-∂n-SØv Xs∂ IpSn-

bn-cp-Ø-W-sa∂v Imc-W-h-tcmSv Bh-iy-s∏-´p.

AhnsS D≠m-°nb t£{X-amWv Ct∏mƒ Kn∂kv

_p°n¬ CSw t\Snb B‰p-Im¬ t£{Xw.

sFXnlyw F¥p-Xs∂bmbmepw Cu t£{XsØ

C¥y≥ Ncn-{X-hp-ambn _‘n-∏n-°p∂ Hcp alm-

\p-≠v. AXv {]ikvX kwkvIr-X-]-WvUn-X-\pw,

]©m-_nse cmPm-cw-RvPnXvknwKns‚ a{¥n-bp-

amb i¶¿\mYtPm’y-\m-Wv. hSt° ae-_m-dn¬

A·n-i¿a≥ \ºq-Xn-cn-bp-tSbpw htßm-´p-a-T-

Ønse ]m¿hXn]n≈-bm¿Xn-cn-bp-sSbpw aI-\mbn

P\n® i¶¿\mYtPm’ys‚ BZy-Ime PohnXw

A⁄m-X-am-Wv. Icn-sh-≈q¿ t£{X-Øn¬ At±-

l-Øns‚ hmfv C∂pw kq£n-°p-∂-Xmbn ]d-bp-

∂p. ae-_m-dn¬ \n∂pw KwKm kμ¿i-\-Øn-\p-

t]mb At±lw Hcp tPm’y-s\∂ \ne-bn¬

s]s´∂v {]kn-≤-\m-bn. Imin-bn¬ Xma-k-am-°nb

tPm’ys\ At\z-jn®v cmPm-°-∑m¿t]mepw

FØm≥ XpS-ßn. HSphn¬ "]©m_v knwlw'

F∂-dnbs∏ń-cp∂ cmPm-c-RvPnXvknwKv Xs‚

sIm´m-c-Øn-tebv°v i¶-c-\mYtPm’ys\ £Wn-

®p. At±-lsØ ]n∂oSv cRvPnXvknwKv a{¥n-am-

cn¬ Hcmfm-°n. cRvPnXvknwKv bp≤-Øn-\p-t]m-

Ip-∂Xv i¶-c-\mYvtPm’y≥ Ipdn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p∂

Znhkw BsW∂v hsc Imcy-ßƒ FØn. Cw•ojv

CuÃv C¥ym Iº-\n-bnse ]e D∂-Xcpw cmPm-

c-RvPnXvknwKp-ambn _‘-s∏-ń-cp-∂Xv i¶-c-

\mYtPm’y≥ hgn-bm-bn-cp∂psh∂mWv ]d-bp-∂-

Xv. Iº\n emtlm-dnepw a‰pw Icw Hgnhm°n

tPm’y¿°v ÿew \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. HSphn¬ Xncp-

hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse kzmXn-Xn-cp-\m-fns‚ ImeØv

tPm’y¿ At±-lsØ apJw ImWn-°phm≥ Xncp-

h-\-¥-]p-cØv FØn. kzmXnXncp-\mƒ i¶-c-\mYv

tPm’y\v PUvPn-bmbn DtZymKw \¬In. B‰p-

Im¬ sNdp-Ic henb hoń¬ \n∂mWv i¶-c-\mY

tPm’y¿ hnhmlw Ign-®-Xv. Pn¿Wm-h-ÿ-bn-em-

bn-cp∂p A∂sØ B‰p-Im¬ t£{Xw. Xs‚ mcy-

bpsS IpSpw_t£{XsØ tPm’y¿ ]p\-cp-≤-cn-

®p-sh-∂pw, tZho`‡-\mb At±-l-Øns‚ t\Xr-

Xz-Øn¬ BWv hn{Kl {]XnjvT \S-Øn-b-sX∂pw

]d-bp-∂p. D{XwXncp-\m-fns‚ Ime-Øm-bn-cp∂p

i¶-c-\mYtPm’y-cpsS ac-Ww.

Hcp {SÃv BWv B‰p-Im¬ t£{X-Øns‚

`cWw \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xv. Chn-SsØ ta¬im-

¥nsb Hmtcm h¿jhpw \nb-an-°p-∂p. _me-ap-c-

fn-bmWv ]pXnb ta¬im-¥n. IqSmsX ]n.-hn. tIi-

h≥\ºq-Xn-cn, Fw.-F≥. \mcm-b-W≥\-ºq-Xncn

F∂n kl-ta¬im-¥n-am-cpw. tNt∂mkv {_“{io

Znt\-i≥ \ºq-Xn-cn-bmWv B‰p-Im¬ tZhot£{X-

Ønse X{¥n. Znh-khpw AIsØ s]m¶m-e-bpw,

If-`m-`n-tj-Ihpw, Ip¶p-am-`n-tj-Ihpw B‰p-Im¬

t£{X-Øn-ep-≠v. apgp-°m-∏n\v 2030 hsc-bpw, If-

`-Øn\v 2013 hscbpw ap≥Iqń _p°nwKv Bbn-´p-

≠v. ‘www.attukal.org’ BWv B‰p-Im¬ t£{X-

Øns‚ HutZym-KnI sh_vssk‰v.

ae-bn≥Iogv tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥ : Zo¿L-Imew amXr-`q-an-bpsS Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw {]tXyI

teJ-I\pw \yqkv FUn-‰-dp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ign™ 10 h¿j-ß-fmbn amXr-`qan Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

FUn-j-\n¬ \K-c-]-ga F∂ Ncn-{X-tImfw Fgp-Xn-h-cp-∂p. ""{ioNn-Ønc Xncp-\mƒ ˛

Ah-km-\sØ Fgp-∂-≈Øv '', ""tl dmw'', ""tIcfw temI-N-cn-{X-Øn-eqsS'', ""_mcnÃ¿ Pn.-]n. ]n≈

˛ Km‘n-Pn°v am¿§-Z¿in-bmb ae-bmfn'' F∂o {KŸ-ß-fpsS I¿Øm-hm-Wv.

- 47 -


{io h-√` alm-t£{Xw

]n. DÆn-Ir-jvW≥ -\m-b¿, Xncp-h√

sshjvWh`‡n

{]ÿm-\-Øns‚ Ipe-]-

Xn-Ifmbn Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂

\Ωmgvhmcpw Xncp-ass¶

Bgvhcpw ]mSn-∏p-I-gvØn-

bn -´p≈ ae-bm -f -°-c -

bnse {]i-kvX-ß-fmb

sshjvWh t£{X-ß-

fn¬ k¿Δ-{]-[m-\-amb

H∂mWv Xncp -h√m

{ioh√` alm-t£-{Xw.

Xncp-h-√m-bpsS ]g-b-tZ-i-

\maw Xncp-h-√-hm-gv, Xncp-

h-√-hmbv Fs∂-√m-am-bn-

cp-∂p. h√-∏pg F∂p-t]-

cp≈ aWn-a-e-bm-dns‚

hSt° Xoc-ØmWv Cu

t£{Xw. AXp-sIm≠v

tZi-\maw "h√-hmbv'

F∂m-bn. Xncp-h√m {Kma-

Øns‚ {]i-kvXn°v

Fs∂∂pw \nZm-\-am-bn-cn-

°p-∂Xv {ioh-√` alm-

t£{Xw Xs∂.

hnizI¿Ωmhv \n¿Ωn-®Xpw {ioIrjvW`K-hm\pw

kmXyInbpw {io Kcp-U\pw ]qPn-®n-cp-∂-Xp-amb

{ioh√-`-_nw_w t\{Xm-hXn \Zn-bnse `{Z-I-b-

Øn¬ \n∂pw kap-≤-cn®v Xncp-h-√m-bn¬ {]Xn-

jvTn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-sX∂v ÿe-]p-cm-Ww. B

{]XnjvT "tNc-am≥]S-InS' ˛ AXm-bXv 11,11,526-

˛mw Ien-Zn-\-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂s{X AXv {InkvXz_vZw

_n.-kn. 59 BWv.

Ft´-°-dn¬ IqSp-X¬ hnkvXr-Xn-bp≈ hf-

∏n-emWv t£{Xw. òam-Im-c-amb ]pdw aXn-ens‚

Hcp hi-Øn-\p-am{Xw 562 ASn \of-ap-≠v. aXn¬°-

IØv IS-∂m¬ BZyw Zriy-am-Ip-∂Xv Kcp-U-am-S-

am-Wv. CXv aq∂p-\n-e-I-fn-

emWv \n¿Ωn-®n-cn-°p-∂-

Xv. CXn-\p-≈n¬ Xd-\n-c-

∏n¬\n∂pw 531/8 ASn

Db-c-ap≈ Hcp Icn-¶¬

[zPw D≠v. [zPm-{K-Øn¬

D]-tZ-h-]-Z-hn-bp≈ {io

Kcp-U-\pw. Z£nW hgn-

°p-]p-dØv I∂n aqe-bn¬

KW-]-Xn-bp-ap-≠v. AXn\v

hS-°p-h-iØv imkvXmhv.

h m b p - t ° m - W n ¬

e£vao`K -h -X n -b psS

tImhn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

C∂v C√. hS-t°-\-S-bn¬

Ipt_-cs‚ ÿm\Øv

Ipc-b-∏≥ F∂ t]tcm-Sp-

Iq-Snb Hcp imkvXm-{]-Xn-

jvT-bp-≠v. ao\w cmin-

bn¬ Ce-h-¥o-Xo¿∞w.

\me-º-e-Øn\p sX°p-In-

g-°mbn hnkv-Xr-X-amb

IqØ-ºew D≠m-bn-cp -

∂p. \in-®p-t]m-bn. Chn-

SpsØ \me-º-e-Øns‚ Hcp hi-Øn\v 150 ASn

\ofw D≠v. h´-{io-tIm-hn-em-Wv. AXn\v 150 ASn

hymkw D≠v. \me-º-e-Øn-\-IØv hS°pwtZh¿,

hnjzIvtk\≥ F∂n-h-cpsS {]Xn-jvT-Iƒ D≠v.

{iotIm-hn-ens‚ ]Sn-™mtd \S-bn¬ N{I-]p-cp-j-

\mbn {io kpZ¿i-\sØ {]Xn-jvTn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

\me-º-e-Øn-\p-≈n¬ {iotIm-hn-ens‚ sX°p-h-

i -Ømbn AXn -hn -kvXr -X -amb Hcp `qK¿`

`WvUmcw D≠v. GI-tZiw ap°m¬ \q‰m-≠p-I-

fmbn AXv Xpd-∂n-ń-√v. AXv Xpd-∂p-Iq-S-s{X. Cu

t£{X-Ønse D]-tZ-h-∑m¿ C\n- ]-d-bp-∂-h-cm-Wv.

1. hcm-l-aq¿Øn, 2. hS-°pw-tZ-h≥, 3. imkvXm-hv,


- 48 -

4. {io Kcp-U≥, 5. KW-]-Xn, 6. Ipc-b-∏≥ kzman,

7. Ab¬b£n, 8. ambb£n. {ioh-√` t£{X-

Øn¬ sXmtg-≠- {Iaw. KW-]-Xn, imkvXm-hv,

hmbp -t°m-Wn¬ e£vao -tZ -hn, Ipt_-cs‚

ÿm\Øv Ipc-b-∏≥ kzman, ao\w cmin-bn¬ Ce-

h¥o Xo¿∞w, AXns‚ Ic-bn¬ hymk-`-K-hm≥,

Zp¿Δm-km-hv, [zPm-{K-Øn¬ {io Kcp-U≥, \me-º-

e-Øn-\p-≈n¬ hS°pwtZh¿, hnjz-Ivtk\≥, {io

tImhn-en-\p-≈n¬ Ing°v {ioh-√-`-≥, ]Sn-™mdv

{iokp-Z¿i-\w.

a‰v hnjvWp t£{X-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw hn`n-∂-

ambn ChnsS ]m©-cm-{X-hn-[m-\-Øn-ep≈ ]qP-I-

fm-Wv. Cu ]qPbv°v ASn-ÿm-\-amb imkv{X-{K-

Ÿ-ßƒ {io Zp¿Δmkkwln-Xbpw Aln¿

∫p≤\y-kw-ln-X-bp-am-Wv. Chn-SpsØ ]qP-I-fn¬

]e khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw ImWp-∂p. BZysØ c≠v

]qP-Iƒ°pw Htc [ym\w, aq∂pw, \mepw, A©pw

]qP-Iƒ°v {]tXyIw {]tXyIw [ym\-ßƒ.

H∂mw ]qPbv°v ""hnez-aw-Kew ]qP-''sb∂pw,

c≠mw ]qPbv°v ""i¶-c-aw-Kew ]qP''-sb∂pw t]cp-

≠v. H∂pw c≠pw ]qP-Iƒ krjvSn {Ia-Øn-em-Wv.

Ch ]pcp-j-\m-cm-bW ]qP-I-fm-Wv. D®-∏q-Pbpw

\memw ]qPbpw ÿnXn {Ia-Øn-epw, A©mw]qP

eb {Ia-Øn-ep-am-Wv. BZysØ aq∂p ]qP-I-

tfmSpwIqSn sshiy-tlmaw thWw. aq¿Øn]qP

]q¿Æ-am -IW-sa -¶n¬ A·n-bn¬ BlqXn

sNbvtX-Xo-cq. A©mw ]qP ""{_“]qP''-bm-Wv.

ChnsS \ntXy\ ]≈n-°p-dp∏p-≠v. ]≈n-°p-dp-∏n\v

apºv e£vao]qP-bp-≠v.

Xncp-h-√m-bn¬ AS®p\nth-Zyhpw Xpd∂ ]qP-

bp-am-Wv. D®-∏qPm\nth-Zy-Øn\v Xr∏p-fn, Fcnt»-

cn, sagp-°p-]p-c- n, ]cn-∏v, Dt∏-cn, D∏p-amß Ch-

sb√mw thWw. H∂pw c≠pw ]qP-tbm-Sp-IqSn

{Inbmw-K-ambn \a-kvImcw thWw. ""]mf-\-a-

kvImcw'' Chn-SpsØ Hcp {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. ChnsS

ta¬im¥n ÿm\w ]Øv Xfp-{_m-“W IpSpw-_-

°m¿°pw A©v Xncp-h√mtZin {_m“-W¿°p-am-

bn-cp-∂p. Iogvim¥n-ÿm\w \q‰n-sb¨]Xv Xncp-h-

√m-tZin IpSpw-_-°m¿°m-bn-cp-∂p.

{]mNo\ImeØv Cu t£{X-Ønse X{¥w

Ccn-ßm-e-°pS Xc-∂-\-√q¿ \ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sn-\m-bn-

cp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ X{¥w XpI-e-t»cn Xd-bn¬ Ipgn-

°m-´v, sXt°-SØv Ipgn-°mSv F∂o C√-°m¿°m-

Wv. Chn-SpsØ ]cn-I¿Ωw apf-h\ `´-Xn-cn°pw,

aplq¿Øw aºpg `´-Xn-cn-°p-am-Wv. Xncp-hp-’-h-

Øn\v aplq¿Øw Ipdn-°p-∂Xv ‡-{]n-bØv hmcn-

b¿°m-Wv. Chn-SpsØ Ducm◊ Xncp-h-√m- ""]-Øn-

√-Øn¬ t]m‰n-am¿'°m-bn-cp-∂p. ]gb ]e tcJ-

I-fnepw Ahsc "aq∂p Krl-Øn-te-h¿' F∂p ]cm-

- 49 -


a¿in-®p-Im-Wp-∂p. tat®-cn,

Cf-a¨, hne-°nen awKew

F∂n-h-bmWv aq∂p Krl-

ßƒ. Ducm◊ ÿm\-

ßƒ ]Øm-bn-cp-∂p.

sIm√h¿jm -cw -` -

Øn¬ ChnsS \mev tZh-

Zm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw H∂n¬°q-

Sp-X¬ ""am]m-cX'' ]´-Øm-

\-ßfpw D≠m-bn-cp -∂p.

\ntXy\ {]`m -X-Øn¬

alm-`m -cXw hmbn®v

hymJym-\n-®n-cp-∂p. Xpem-

am -k-Øn¬ ""Xpem-°m-

thco amlm-fly-''hpw. aI-

c-am-k-Øn¬ ""amL-]p-cm-

Whp-''amWv hmbn-®n-cp-∂-

Xv. Xncp-hp-’-h-Im-eØv

thZ-ßƒ, `mK-h-X-]p-cm-

Ww, tZho -am -lmflyw

F∂n -hbpw. C∂v

CsXm∂pw \S-°p-∂n-√.

Cu t£{X-Øn¬ ta¬im-

¥n-am¿ IpS-im-¥n-°m-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp apd ap∂p

h¿jhpw. ta¬im-¥n-am¿ Krl-ÿm-{i-a-Øn¬

{]th-in-®n-´p-≈-hcpw AºXp hb v ]q¿Øn-bm-

b-hcpw Bbn-cn-°-W-sa∂v \nbaw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

Ingt° \S-bnse ta¬im¥n Nμ-\ta sXmSp-hm≥

]mSp-≈q. AXp-Xs∂ tKm]n-bm-bn-´p-th-Ww. \me-

º-e-Øn-\p-≈n¬ kv{XoIƒ°pw, aXn¬s°-ń-\p-

≈n¬ B\-Iƒ°pw {]th-i\w \ntj-[n-®n-cp-∂p.

]gb ImeØv ChnsS sh≈m-\-Isf Fgp-

∂≈Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p. \nth-Zy-Øns‚

BZy-]-IpXn {_“-kzhpw c≠mw ]IpXn tZh-

kzhpw. AXmWv Nn´.

Xncp-h-√m-bnse im¥nip≤w ISp-I- n-bm-Wv.

{_m“-W¿°p t]mepw tkm]m-\-Øp-¶¬ Ib-dp-

hm≥ ]mSn-√. Iogvim-¥n-am¿ {ioh-√` _nw_sØ

sXm´p-Iq-Sm. Ipc--b-∏≥ kzman-bpsS ap√∏¥-en¬

ta¬im-¥n -am¿t°m, Iog vim -¥n -am¿t°m,

X{¥nbvt°m {]th-i-\-an-√. AhnsS ]qP-bn-√.

\nthZyw am{Xw. AXv aqØ-XºmcmWv \S-Øp-∂-

Xv. Ipw -am-k-Ønse ]qbw-]n-d-∂mƒ Bdm´p {][m-

\-am°n ]Øp-Zn-h-ksØ Xncp-hp-’-h-am-Wn-hn-sS.

c≠mw D’hZnh-ksØ Al v Ducm-◊-°m-

cmWv \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. aq∂mw Znhkw ta¬im¥n

IpSpw-_-°m¿, \memw Znhkw ISn-bm-¥p-cpØn

Imcm-t©-cn-ssI-Ω-f-∑m¿, CXm-bn-cp∂p {Iaw.

Xncp-h-√m-bnse Hcp {][m\ B´-hn-ti-j-

amb ""D{X{io_en'' ao\ amk-Øn-em-Wv. Xncp-h√m

{Kma-Øns‚ c£m-tZ-h-Xam-cmb Be-¥p-cp-Øn, ]S-

∏m-Sv, Icn-b-\m-´p-Im-hv Zp¿§-Iƒ°v D{X-Øpw-\mƒ

{ioh-√àlm-t£-{X-Øn¬ B¿`m-S -]q¿Δw

\¬Ip∂ kzoI-c-W-®-S-ßp-I-fmWv D{X {io_en.

sIm√w BZn-i-X-I-ß-fn¬ Xncp-h√m-ime F∂

t]cn¬ AXn-{]-i-kvX-amb Hcp hnZym-]oTw ChnsS

{]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂p. \nc-Ww-im-e, Ihn-bq¿im-e,

Xrs°m-Sn-Øm\wime apX-emb thZ-]m-T-im-e-I-

sf-°mƒ hfsc hep-Xm-bn-cp∂p Xncp-h-√m-im-e.


- 50 -

]n. DÆn-Ir-jvW≥ \mb¿,Xn-cp-h√ : \mep ]Xn-‰m-≠p-Im-e-ß-fmbn {]mtZ-inI Ncn{X

cN-\-bn¬ G¿s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ Ncn{X Kth-j-I\pw {KŸ-Im-c-\pw. Hcp t\mhepw 13-˛-Hmfw Ncn-{X-

{K-Ÿ-ßfpw, 300- -Hmfw teJ-\-ßfpw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n- p-≠v. {]mtZ-inI Ncn-{X-K-th-j-W-Øn\v ]pXn-

sbmcp Znim-t_m[w \¬Ip∂ cN-\-I-fmWv At±-l-Øns‚ F√m IrXn-Ifpw. {][m\ IrXn-I-

fn¬ {ioh-√- -t£{X Ncn-{Xw, Xncp-∏p-en-bq¿ F∂o cN-\-Iƒ°v Xncp-∏Xn tZh-ÿm-\-Øns‚ AwKo-

Im-chpw kmº-ØnI klm-bhpw e`n-®p. 1993-˛¬ ]pc-kvImcw \¬In _lp: Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿

tZhkzw t_m¿Uv BZ-cn-®p. hnemkw ˛ \nc-W-t»-cn¬ Imhpw-`mKw ]n.H., Xncp-h-√.

hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS FÆw GI-tZiw Hcmbncw

Bbn-cp-∂-s{X. Xncp-h-√m-t£-{X-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v

Hcp BXp -c -im -ebpw {]h¿Øn-®n -cp -∂p.

CXns‚sb√mw sNe-hp-Iƒ t£{X-am-Wv hln-

®n-cp-∂-Xv. sIm√h¿jm-cw-`-Øn¬ Xncp-h√m

t£{X-Øn-te°v aq∂p-e£∏d s\√v ]m´w e`n-

®n-cp-∂p. {_m“W t`mP-\-Øn-\p-am{Xw B≠-S°w

Hcp e£-∏d s\√v am‰n-sh-®n-cp-∂p.

Cu t£{X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ c≠v ""Xm{a

imk-\-ßƒ'' Is≠-Øn-bn- p-≠v. Ah-bn¬ H∂ma-

sØXv tIc-f-Øn¬ C∂p-hsc Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≈-

Xn¬ G‰hpw Zo¿L-am-Wv. ae-bmf`mj-bnse

BZysØ KZy-{K-Ÿ-sa∂v Cu tcJsb hnti-jn-

∏n-®n-´p-≠v. en]n- h-s´-gp-Øm-Wv. mj- {]m-No\ ae-

bm-f-hpw. Imew ]Xn-s\m∂mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ A¥y-

]m-Zw. Cu t£{XØnse ]qP-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´

as‰mcp X{¥-{K-Ÿ-amWv ""bP-\m-hen kw{Kl

]qPIw''. Cu t£{X-sØ-∏‰n e`n-®n-´p≈ c≠v

tcJ-I-fmWv \Ωmgvhmcp -sSbpw Xncp -ass¶

Bgvhmcp -sSbpw ]mkp -c -ßƒ. Xncp -h -√m -

ÿe]pcmW IY-bmWv "" {ioh-√ -` -t£{X

almflyw'' kwkvIrXw Imhyw.

1987-˛¬ Cu teJ-I≥ Xøm-dm°n {]kn-≤o-

I-cn® ""{ioh-√` alm-t£{X Ncn{Xw'' F∂ _rl-

Xv{KŸw {]mtZ-inI Ncn{X Kth-jW cwKsØ

Hcp \mgn-I-°-√mbn \ncq-]-I-∑m¿ hne-bn-cp-Øn-

bn-´p-≠v. Xncp-∏Xn tZh-ÿm-\-Øns‚ Ahm¿Uv

t\Sn-b-XmWv {]kvXpX {KŸw. Cu teJ-I≥ kam-

l-cn-®Xpw Fw.-Pn. bqWn-thgvkn‰n-bpsS Ncn{X

hn`mKw {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xp-amb ""Xncp-h√m

{KŸ-hcn'' H∂mw mKw, c≠mw mKw F∂o {KŸ-

h-cn-I-fn¬ Xncp-h√mt£{X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´

sIm√-h¿jw 711˛ apX-ep≈ ]Xn-t\gv {KŸ-h-cn-

Iƒ tN¿Øn-´p-≠v. Cu t£{X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´

a‰p ]e IrXn-Ifpw D≠v. ""{ioh-√`NcnXw'' eLp-

Im-hyw, ""XpI-em-kp-c-h['' B´-°-Y, ""{ioh-√-`-N-

cnXw'' B´-°-Y, ""{ioh-√`hnPbw'' B´-°-Y,

""{ioh-√-tZi kp{]-`m-Xw'',""{ioh-√` I¿Æm-arX''

kvtXm{Xw apX-em-bh Ah-bn¬s∏-Sp-∂p.

sIm√-h¿jw 923-˛¬ thWmSp cmPm-hm-bn-

cp∂ A\ngw Xncp-\mƒ am¿Øm-WvU-h¿Ω alm-

cm-Pmhv Xncp-h√ {Kmahpw {ioh√` t£{Xhpw

]nSn-s®-Sp-Øp. sIm√w 925˛ taS-amkw 20-˛mw Xob-

Xn-bnse Hcp i‡n-apJw A\p-k-cn®v Ducm-◊-

°m¿ t£{Xw am¿Øm-WvU-h¿Ωbv°v ssIam-dn.

{ioh-√` ]cw-]p-cp-js‚ \nXy-km-∂n-≤yw-sIm≠v

]cn-]m-h-\-am-°-s∏-´-XmWv Xncp-h-√. {ioh√-`-

_nw_w hniz-I¿Ωm-hn-\m¬ \n¿Ωn-X-sa∂pw

{ioIrjvW`K-hm≥ Zzmc-I-bn¬ sh®v ]pjv]m-

⁄en sNbvXncp-∂-Xp-am-sW∂v ]c-º-cm-K-X-amb

hnizm-kw. IY-Ifn Hcp hgn-]m-Smbn \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂

Htc Hcp tZhm-e-b-am-Wn-Xv.

`mc-X-Ønse at‰-sXmcp Xo¿∞-ÿm-\-sØ-

°mfpw amlm-fly-ta-dn-bXmWv Cu tZhm-e-bw.

sshjvW-h¿°v {]nbw-I-c-amb Cu alm-t£-{X-Øn¬

`mc-X-Øns‚ \m\m- m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw [mcmfw ‡-

P-\-ßƒ Z¿i-\-Øn\mbn hs∂-Øm-dp-≠v. k¬k-

¥m\em -Øn\pw, k¿Δ-t{i-b- p-Iƒ°pw Chn-SpsØ

`P\w AXy¥w {]tbm-P-\-{]-Z--a-s{X.

ambmtaml-ß-fn¬s∏´v Dg-ep∂ a\pjya\-

p-Iƒ°v {ioh-√-`-h≥ Fs∂∂pw Bizmkw

\¬In A\p-{K-ln-°p-∂p. i{Xp-kw-lmcaq¿Øn-

bmb {io kpZ¿i-\-Øns‚ km∂n-≤y-ap≈

A]q¿Δw hnjvWp-t£-{X-ß-fn¬ H∂mWn-Xv.

Education

Makarajyothi 2011 page 1-50