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Management CareFruit and Vegetable ScienceK. Jerome
Citation preview
Garden CareGarden Care
Proper culture makes Proper culture makes difference betweendifference between
““okay” garden and superior okay” garden and superior gardengarden
WeedsWeeds
Weed ControlWeed Control
control when smallcontrol when small
compete for water, fertilizer, compete for water, fertilizer, lightlight
harbor insects, diseasesharbor insects, diseases
allelopathyallelopathy
Types of WeedsTypes of Weeds
Control, prevention vary according to Control, prevention vary according to life cyclelife cycle
Types of WeedsTypes of Weeds
Annual vs. PerennialAnnual vs. Perennial
If you pull and it grows back in a few If you pull and it grows back in a few weeks, assume it is perennial weeks, assume it is perennial
Annual WeedsAnnual Weeds
Die at end of seasonDie at end of seasonspread thousands of seedsspread thousands of seeds
chickweed 15,000 seedschickweed 15,000 seedsshepherd's purse 40,000 seeds shepherd's purse 40,000 seeds lamb's-quarters 70,000 seedslamb's-quarters 70,000 seeds
Perennial WeedsPerennial Weeds
More seriousMore serious
Dandelion, plantain, thistleDandelion, plantain, thistle
Grow through heavy mulchGrow through heavy mulch
Must kill rootsMust kill roots
Leafy spurge roots 4 to 8 feet deepLeafy spurge roots 4 to 8 feet deep
Canada thistle roots 20 feetCanada thistle roots 20 feet
Small piece of root left in ground will regenerate plant Small piece of root left in ground will regenerate plant
Controlling Annual WeedsControlling Annual Weeds
Break reproductive cycle – Break reproductive cycle –
no seedsno seeds
purslane seedspurslane seeds
Prevent from emerging – Prevent from emerging –
minimize disturbance of soil by minimize disturbance of soil by not not tillingtilling
Controlling Annual WeedsControlling Annual Weeds
Mulch Mulch Layer of organic mulchLayer of organic mulch
3 to 4 inches prevents almost all annual 3 to 4 inches prevents almost all annual weeds from germinatingweeds from germinating
few that pop through mulch easily pulled by few that pop through mulch easily pulled by hand hand
Controlling Annual WeedsControlling Annual Weeds
Hand Pulling Hand Pulling
Pull a few each visit to garden Pull a few each visit to garden
within first 3 weeks of emergencewithin first 3 weeks of emergence
damp soil – entire rootdamp soil – entire root
For every two weeds pulled, only one will For every two weeds pulled, only one will come back next seasoncome back next season
How To WeedHow To Weed
Sharp hoe, shallow Sharp hoe, shallow shaving stroke shaving stroke instead of chopinstead of chop
Don’t cultivate too Don’t cultivate too closelyclosely
Prevent stem and Prevent stem and root injury by root injury by hand pulling hand pulling
Controlling Perennial WeedsControlling Perennial WeedsPulling difficultPulling difficult
DiligenceDiligence
Soon after emergesSoon after emerges
Weeding tool to cut roots 4 to 5 inches below soil surfaceWeeding tool to cut roots 4 to 5 inches below soil surface
Cut back several times will eventually kill weedCut back several times will eventually kill weed
Natural herbicides – vinegar, hot water, corn protein, Natural herbicides – vinegar, hot water, corn protein, ammoniated soap ammoniated soap
Natural HerbicidesNatural Herbicides
Weed ControlWeed Control
Fast growing 'smother' cropsFast growing 'smother' crops annual ryeannual rye
Reduce weed germinationReduce weed germination
Planted in fall, tilled under early spring Planted in fall, tilled under early spring
straw residue inhibits early season straw residue inhibits early season germination of weeds 75% or more germination of weeds 75% or more
Weed IdentificationWeed Identification
ISU Weed Science Online - Weed IDISU Weed Science Online - Weed ID
WSSA::PhotoWSSA::Photo Gallery Gallery
http://http://weedid.aces.uiuc.eduweedid.aces.uiuc.edu//
MulchMulch
MulchingMulching
Encourages growth by:Encourages growth by:
conserving moistureconserving moisture controlling controlling weedsweeds
moderating soil temperaturemoderating soil temperature
MulchingMulching
Black plasticBlack plastic
ideal for warm season crops - ideal for warm season crops - tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, vine tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, vine cropscrops
Plastic MulchesPlastic Mulches
Black plastic suppresses Black plastic suppresses weeds, warms soilweeds, warms soil
White, red films reflect White, red films reflect light, warmth onto light, warmth onto ripening fruits ripening fruits
Some films - underside Some films - underside black to suppress black to suppress weeds, upper side white weeds, upper side white to reflect lightto reflect light
Plastic MulchesPlastic Mulches
Applied before planting the crop:Applied before planting the crop:dig trenchdig trenchlay down plasticlay down plasticsecure edges secure edges make cross-shaped slits at required spacingmake cross-shaped slits at required spacingdig hole large enough to take root balldig hole large enough to take root ball
Organic MulchesOrganic Mulches
2-4 inch layer of organic matter will control most 2-4 inch layer of organic matter will control most weedsweeds
Organic mulches moderate temperaturesOrganic mulches moderate temperatures
Organic MulchesOrganic Mulches
Straw, bark chips, shredded bark, Straw, bark chips, shredded bark, sawdust, compostsawdust, compost
Apply in early June, after weeded and Apply in early June, after weeded and soil has warmedsoil has warmed
Use 4” of straw, 2” of fine material like Use 4” of straw, 2” of fine material like grass clippingsgrass clippings
Guide to Selecting a Garden Mulch | TiGuide to Selecting a Garden Mulch | Tips & Techniquesps & Techniques
WaterWater
WateringWatering
Vegetable plants Vegetable plants need plenty of need plenty of water throughout water throughout entire growing entire growing seasonseason
WateringWatering
Apply 1 to 1 ½ inches per week in Apply 1 to 1 ½ inches per week in single watering unless rainsingle watering unless rain
Light sprinklings do more harm than Light sprinklings do more harm than goodgood
WateringWatering
Sandy soil requires more Sandy soil requires more frequent watering than frequent watering than heavy clayheavy clay
Apply water slowly so it can Apply water slowly so it can soak insoak in
Check amount applied with Check amount applied with rain gauge or digging to 6 rain gauge or digging to 6 inchesinches
WateringWatering
Periods in growing cycle of vegetables Periods in growing cycle of vegetables when water is criticalwhen water is critical
Germinating seeds, seedlings, new Germinating seeds, seedlings, new transplants should never dry outtransplants should never dry out
WateringWatering
Leafy vegetables - frequent wateringsLeafy vegetables - frequent waterings
most critical period - between most critical period - between ten daysten days
and three weeks before and three weeks before maturitymaturity
WateringWatering
Fruiting crops - when Fruiting crops - when flowers forming, fruits flowers forming, fruits or pods developingor pods developing
Do not water heavily Do not water heavily before critical period -before critical period -produces leafy produces leafy growth at expense of growth at expense of fruitfruit
WateringWatering
Root crops - moderate watering during Root crops - moderate watering during entire growing periodentire growing period
Watering SystemsWatering Systems
““wet pot”wet pot”
Watering SystemsWatering Systems
ThinningThinning
Proper spacing:Proper spacing: between plants in row between plants in row between rows between rows
promotes promotes faster growthfaster growthlarger croplarger cropbetter quality cropbetter quality crop
ThinningThinning
Transplants - space properly when Transplants - space properly when plantedplanted
Seeds – thin to recommended spacingSeeds – thin to recommended spacing
ThinningThinning
Thin while smallThin while small
Thin when soil is moist to minimize injury to Thin when soil is moist to minimize injury to remaining plants. remaining plants.
Choose strongest plantsChoose strongest plants
Grasp at soil line, pull out gentlyGrasp at soil line, pull out gently
Or, clip off at soil lineOr, clip off at soil line
Firm soil, water gentlyFirm soil, water gently