RESOURCES

Presented By

AsmithaHrudayaNiteshRatnaTejas Class - X D

OF NATURAL MANAGEMENT

NATURAL RESOURCES

Natural resources are the resources available in a nature like air, water, sunlight, soil, minerals, forests, wild life etc. Natural resources are of two main types. They are renewable and non-renewable natural resources

Renewable natural resources

Those resources which can be replenished in a short period of time like air, water, sunlight, forests etc.

• Those resources which cannot be replenished in a short period of time like minerals (coal, petroleum, natural gas, metals etc.) because they take millions of years to be formed.

• Human activities produce a lot of waste materials which are thrown away into the environment. These wastes cause pollution of natural resources like air, water and soil.

•

Non-renewable natural resources

The Three R’s to save the environment The three R’s to save the environment are

Reduce, Recycle and ReuseReduce Using less of natural resources and avoiding wastage of natural resources.

Recycle The materials like paper,

plastic, glass, metals etc used for making things can again be used for making new things

instead of synthesizing or extracting new paper, plastic, glass or

metals.

Reuse Using things again and

again like the plastic bottles in which we buy jams, pickles etc can be again used for storing things in the kitchen.

Need for management of natural resources

Judicious use of natural resources and avoiding wastage of natural resources.

Long term planning for the use of natural resources so that it last not only for the present but also for future generations.

While extracting and using natural resources we should also plan for the safe disposal of wastes so that no damage is caused to the environment

The exploitation of natural resources should not be for the benefit of a few people but should be distributed equally for all.

The proper management of natural resources consists of

Flora

Fauna

Which live in

Forest

Large area of land on which trees and plants grow naturally

Large number of species

Biodiversity Hotspot

Wild life

Animals and Birds

Plants

Aim of the management of forests and wildlife

One of the main aim of the management of

forests and wildlife is to conserve the

biodiversity which we have inherited because

the loss of biodiversity leads to the loss of

ecological stability of the forest ecosystem.

Forest Department of the Government who owns the forests and controls the resources from the forests.

Industrialists who use the raw materials from forests for manufacturing paper, medicines, furniture etc.

People who are associated with forests directly or indirectly are

People living in and around

forests depend on forests for their

livelihood

Nature and wild life organizations who want to conserve and preserve forests.

Stake holders of forests

WildlifeImportance of wildlife i) Wildlife helps to preserve biodiversity. ii) Wildlife helps to maintain food chains and food web.iii) We get useful products from wildlife like food, medicines, leather, bones, honey, lac etc.

Conservation of wildlife i) Preserving the natural habitats of animals. ii) Banning poaching of animals.iii) Protecting endangered species of animals.iv) Setting up of wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, biosphere reserves etc.

Sustainablemanagement

Concept of

Sustainable development Management

The process of dealing with or controlling things or people.

Sustainable development refers to a mode of human development in which resource use aims to meet human needs while ensuring the sustainability of natural systems and the environment, so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come

Sustainable development with management

• Reni in Garhwal, high-up in the Himalayas during the early 1970s.

Chipko andolan

There was a dispute between the local villagers and a logging contractor who had been allowed to fell trees in a forest close to the village.

On a particular day, the contractor’s workers appeared in the forest to cut the trees while the men folk were absent.

Undeterred, the women of the village reached the forest quickly and clasped the tree trunks. this prevented the workers from felling the trees. Thus the contractor had to withdraw.

The Chipko movement quickly spread across communities and media, and forced the government, to whom the forest belongs, to rethink their priorities in the use of forest produce. Experience has taught people that the destruction of forests affected not just the availability of forest products, but also the quality of soil and the sources of water.

Participation of the local people can indeed lead to the efficient management of forests.

An Example of People’s Participation in the Management of Forests

villagers were involved in the protection of 1,272 hectares of badly degraded sal forest.

• Traditional methods of surveillance and policing had led to a complete alienation of the people from the administration

• This led to forest and land related disputes

Forest department changed it’s strategy

Fossil fuels

Coal

Most of the energy needs that started with the industrial revolution some 250 years ago have been met by the reserves of coal and petroleum. The use of coal and petroleum and their products in the world economy is immense. Coal is an important fuel source as its energy is converted into other forms of energy such as electricity, steam and coal gas. Fuel is most commonly used in internal combustion engines for transportation

Petroleum

Coal and Petroleum Coal and petroleum are fossil fuels formed by the decomposition of dead plants and animals inside the earth after several millions of years. They are non-renewable sources of energy. Petroleum reserves may last for about 40 years and coal reserves may last for about 200 years. Coal and petroleum contain carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur. When they are burnt, they release carbon dioxide and oxides of nitrogen and sulphur. Carbon dioxide is a green house gas which causes global warming. Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur combines with moisture in the air and produces acid rain.

NEED TO CONSERVE COAL AND PETROLEUM

Fossil fuels, like, coal, lignite, petroleum and natural gas are non renewable natural resources. Both have an organic origin and are called hydrocarbon fuels. Coal was formed in nature as a solid from the remains of the trees buried deep inside the earth, some 500 million years ago.

Hydrocarbon fuels take millions of years to form and because they are depleting at a very fast rate coal and petroleum reserves will be exhausted in the future no matter how carefully we use them.

• The oxides of sulphur and nitrogen and carbon monoxide are poisonous at high concentrations and carbon dioxide is a green-house gas.

• Another way of looking at coal and petroleum is that they are huge reservoirs of carbon and if all of this carbon is converted to carbon dioxide, then the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is going to increase leading to intense global warming.

Thus, we need to use these resources judiciously.

Conclusion

WATERUses of water

Water is a basic necessity for all living things. We use

water for our daily needs, for agriculture, transportation,

construction of buildings, roads, dams etc. Water is a

natural habitat for aquatic organisms.

Human activities are affecting the availability of water

and causing pollution of water bodies.

Different methods of water harvestingDigging pits, Ponds, lakes, Building small earthen dams or concrete check dams, dykes, reservoirs, rooftop collecting units in houses.

Rainwater HarvestingThe traditional rainwater harvesting method used in Rajasthan is based on the principle of harvesting rainwater in farmlands.In this method, saturated water is used for crop production and the surface run-off water is harvested for agriculture.This method mainly consists of an earthen embankment (known as khadin), built across the lower slopes of the hills.A cemented wall (known as khadin bund) is built to hold the water in the khadin.

The stored water does not provide a breeding ground for mosquitoes and microorganisms, unlike the stagnant water in ponds and lakes.

Advantages Of Rainwater Harvesting

Water does not evaporate. Instead, it percolates into the ground thereby resulting in the recharging of wells.

The stored water provides moisture to the vegetation in and around the area.

Rainwater harvesting improves the quality of groundwater by the process of natural filtration of fluorides, nitrates, and salts.

This method of storing and utilizing water prevents soil erosion and flooding. Thus, it is an eco-friendly method.

The lock-gates in dams are used for checking and controlling this flow of water.

DamsDams are constructed across rivers to control the flow of water in them.

DAMS

i) It displaces a large number of people who have to be rehabilitated.

ii) It is expensive and uses a huge amount of public money.iii) It causes deforestation and loss of biodiversity.

i) Irrigation of crops.

ii) Producing electricity.

iii) Supplying water to towns and cities.

iv) To control floods.

Advantages of dams Disadvantages of dams

Ganga

Agriculture

Basic need of WaterHighest population of Tigers CrocodilesEndangered species of Animals and Birds

Dam and hydropower plant

Sunder wan

Forest and wild life Life's of Peoples

Supports

One of the most important river of India

Causes of Pollution in river Ganga Industrial waste. The “holy dips” and bathes in the river.The cremated and uncremated dead bodies. Sewage from many cities along the river's course.Religious offerings wrapped in non-degradable plastics.Domestic and industrial wastes, especially from leather factories.

The Ganga Action Plan or GAP was a program launched by RajivGandhi in April 1986 in order to reduce the pollution load on the river. It also included the tributaries of the Ganges namely Yamuna, Gomati, Damodar and Mahanada.

Ganga Action Plan

The GAP was not able to achieve its objectives, despite a total expenditure of Rs 901.71 crore over a period of 15years.Reasons for failure:Inappropriate Environmental Planning.Insignificant cooperation between Central, State and Local Government bodies.Lack of local technical expert committees for monitoring the work.Improper mass awareness and involvement of Ganga users in different projects.Least political dedication and vision to save Ganga U.P. and Bihar were not able to provide uninterrupted electricity for running the facilities.

MELTING OF POLAR ICE RISE IN SEA LEVELS

“The conservation of our natural resources and their proper use

constitute the fundamental problem which underlies almost every other

problem of our national life”

Save NATURAL RESOURCES To Save Earth