Masonry for sustainability

MASONRY FOR SUSTAINABILITY

presented by International Masonry Institute

INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

APPRENTICESHIP & TRAINING

MARKET DEVELOPMENT & TECHNICAL SERVICE

Craftworker certification training

Sustainable Masonry Certification Program

Contractor College

Pre-job and apprentice training

International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers

International Masonry Institute

LIFELONG LEARNING

Journeyman upgrade training

Safety, scaffold, OSHA training

Supervisor certification

BAC CONTRACTORS

IMI-TRAINED CRAFTWORKERS

International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers


Buildings are the single largest contributor to global

warming.

Source: USGBC

Test

Average

Savings of

Green

Buildings

ENERGY

SAVINGS

30%

CARBON

SAVINGS

35%

WATER

USE

SAVINGS

30-50%

WASTE

COST

SAVINGS

50-90%

Source: USGBC

ASTM E 2114-06a, “Standard Terminology for Sustainability Relative to

the Performance of Buildings,” Vol. 4.12, ASTM International, West

Conshohocken, PA, 2006

“Meeting the needs of the

present without compromising

the ability of future generations

to meet their own needs.”

SUSTAINABILITY:

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FACILITY LIFE CYCLE

Project Resource Manual – CSI Manual of Practice

Facility evaluation may

identify needs that lead

to expansion, remodel-

ing, renovation, or

restoration of an

existing facility to

accommodate growth

or changes in function;

or may result in

abandonment,

deconstruction, sale, or

adaptive reuse of an

existing facility.

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Active Solar Thermal Systems

Alternative Energy

Alternative Transportation

Appropriate Size and Growth

Biomimicry

Building Form

Building Monitoring

Building Orientation

Carbon Offsets

Cavity Walls for Insulating Airspace

Co-Generation

Conserving Systems and Equipment

Contract Documents

(related to sustainable design)

Construction Waste Management

Cool Roofs

Deconstruction and Salvage

Materials

Daylighting

Earth Sheltering

Efficient Artificial Lighting

Efficient Site Lighting Systems

Energy Modeling

Energy Source Ramifications

Energy-Saving Appliances and

Equipment

Environmental Education

Geoexchange

Green Roofs

High-Efficiency Equipment

Indoor Environmental Quality

Integrated Project Delivery

Life Cycle Assessment

Mass Absorption

Material Selection and Embodied

Energy

Natural Ventilation

Open, Active, Daylit Space

Passive Solar Collection Opportunities

Photovoltaics

Prefabrication

Preservation/Reuse of Existing

Facilities

Radiant Heating and Cooling

Renewable Energy Resources

Rightsizing Equipment

Q: What topics are considered as Sustainable Design topics?

Safety and Security Systems

(defensive planting, innovative

design, defensive space)

Smart Controls

Space Zoning

Staff Training (tech. training, only)

Sun Shading

Systems Commissioning

Systems Tune-Up

Thermal Bridging

Total Building Commissioning

Vegetation for Sun Control

Walkable Communities

Waste-Heat Recovery

Water Conservation

Windows and Openings

Green Specifications

Zoning, regulatory, codes

www.aia.org FAQs

A:

Possible points

LEED-NC v.2.2

14 Sustainable Sites

5 Water Efficiency

17 Energy & Atmosphere

15 Materials & Resources

13 Indoor Environm. Quality

5 Innovation in Design

N/A Regional Priority

69

LEED-NC v. 3

Possible points

26

10

35

14

15

100 TOTAL

26-32 Certified

33-38 Silver

39-51 Gold

52-69 Platinum

40-49

50-59

60-79

80+

LEED NC v.2.2 vs. LEED v.3

6

4

110

With revised credit weightings, LEED now awards more

points for strategies that will have greater positive impacts on

what matters most – energy efficiency and CO2 reductions.

LEED v. 3 CREDIT WEIGHTINGS

The result: more value is given to credits that

have the highest potential for making the

biggest change.

Each credit was evaluated against a list of 13 environmental

impact categories, including climate change, indoor

environmental quality, resource depletion and water intake.

The impact categories were prioritized, and credits were

assigned a value based on how they contributed to

mitigating each impact.

LEED v. 3 MINIMUM PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS

• Whole-Building Energy and

Water Usage Data

• 5 year period

• Data supplied on regular basis

• Commitment carries forward if

owner changes

Requirements

Technologies & Strategies

Intent

Credit – Identifies intent, requirements,

technologies

Points – One or more available within

credit achieved by specified requirements

LEED CREDIT FORMAT

Intent:

• Conveys goals and objectives

•Measure for granting point

LEED CREDIT FORMAT

Requirements:

• Identifies specifics

• Action items

• Reference Standards

• Submittals

LEED CREDIT FORMAT

Strategies:

• Accepted methods

• Coordination items

•Guidelines

• Caution

LEED CREDIT FORMAT

• Sustainable Sites (11)

• Energy and Atmosphere (19)

• Materials and Resources (12)

• Indoor Environmental Quality (5)

• Innovation and Design (5)

LEED MASONRY CONTRIBUTIONS

Masonry impacts 52 LEED v 3 points

MATERIALS & RESOURCES

MATERIALS & RESOURCES LEED v. 3

14 13 13

Potential

contribution

of masonry

3 points

5 points

1 point

2 points

2 points

2 points

2 points

12 points, NC

11 points, SCH

13 points, CS

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MR CREDIT 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 BUILDING REUSE

INTENT Extend the life cycle of

existing building stock

Reduce waste and environ-

mental impacts of new buildings

POSSIBLE LEED POINTS Maintain 75% of existing

walls, floors & roofs

Maintain 95% of existing

walls, floors & roofs

Maintain 50% of interior

non-structural elements

(1)

(2)

(3)

Reuse existing structural and non-structural walls and elements.

Masonry materials (Brick, CMU, Stone, Concrete, Tile, Terrazzo, AAC, Plaster) are:

– Strong

– Durable

– Long life-cycle

– Easily repaired

– Fire-resistant

– Energy efficient

– Easily adaptable

Masonry structural walls can remain.

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STRATEGIES


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Case Study: Walsh Construction Headquarters, Chicago, IL


Walsh Construction Headquarters, Chicago, IL

Common brick facade removed.

New face brick installed on existing concrete structure.

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MR CREDIT 3.1 & 3.2 MATERIAL REUSE

Common brick from facade is preserved and cleaned.


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Common brick used as interior finish at corridor walls and elevator lobbies.


after

after

before

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“The most sustainable building is an existing masonry building being restored.”

- Lori Sipes, FAIA, Preservation Architect

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REPOINTING DETAIL DETAIL 16.101 REV. 05/08/09

© 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

N.T.S.

DETAILING MASONRY

SERIES www.imiweb.org 800-IMI-0988


DETERIORATED MORTAR

1.

FINAL PASS TOOLED TO CONCAVE OR VEE PROFILE TO MATCH EXISTING

8.

1/4” LIFT, FIRST PASS 5.

1/4”

FINAL PASS INCORRECTLY SMEARED ABOUT BRICK EDGES RESULTS IN EXAG- GERATED JOINT WIDTH

7. 1/4” LIFTS, SUB- SEQUENT PASSES

6.

1/4”

2. JOINT GROUND TO INCORRECT PROFILE

JOINT GROUND TO INCORRECT PROFILE

3. JOINT RAKED TO SOUND MORTAR (d/3 MAX.) AND GROUND TO 90º PROFILE

4.

d/3

MAX

d

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MR CREDIT 2.1 & 2.2 CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT

INTENT Divert debris from disposal

in landfills

Redirect recyclable material to

manufacture process

Redirect reusable materials

POSSIBLE LEED POINTS

Recycle / salvage 50% non-hazardous

construction and demolition debris

(1)

Recycle / salvage 75% non-hazardous


(2)

(3-ID) Recycle / salvage 95% non-hazardous


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STRATEGIES

Brick, stone, and concrete

masonry waste used for

aggregates and fill for road

base, construction fill, and

other products

Redirect reusable materials

to appropriate sites

Donate materials

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Example: Recycle or donate demolished brick


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INTENT Reuse building materials

and products

Reduce demand for virgin

materials


Use 5% salvaged, refurbished,

or reused materials (1)

(2)

(3-ID)


or reused materials


or reused materials

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STRATEGIES Save and use leftover

material for use on other

projects

Granite waste is cut to

4”x4” pieces for pavers

Salvaged brick Salvaged brick

on house

REUSED MATERIALS

Example: Aldo Leopold Legacy Center, Madison, WI

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Aldo Leopold Legacy Center, Baraboo, WI, completed 2007

Kubala Watshatko Architects; Construction by The Boldt Company and Monona Masonry

Project used reclaimed stone from a 1930’s Madison airport

terminal recently demolished.

REUSED MATERIALS

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ALDO LEOPOLD LEGACY CENTER

Reclaimed stone

Aldo Leopold Legacy Center, Baraboo, WI, completed 2007

Kubala Watshatko Architects; Construction by The Boldt Company and Monona Masonry

REUSED MATERIALS

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ALDO LEOPOLD LEGACY CENTER

Stone chips were saved and used around the site for erosion control

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MR CREDIT 4.1 & 4.2 RECYCLED CONTENT

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INTENT Increase demand for building

products that incorporate

recycled content materials


Use 10% recycled content (post-consumer + ½ pre-consumer) (1)

(2)

(3-ID)

Use 20% recycled content (post-consumer + ½ pre-consumer)

Use 30% recycled content (post-consumer + ½ pre-consumer)

Post-consumer: material

generated by households or

commerce that has been used,

e.g. plastic, paper, glass, metal

Pre-consumer: material diverted from

waste stream during manufacturing

process; may not be used in same

process, e.g. fly ash, sawdust

• Clay Brick

– Recycled and industrial waste aggregates can be mixed with clay & shale:

• Fly ash, incinerator ash, bottom ash (10-12% by wt)

• Waste glass, ceramic waste

• Sawdust

• Manganese

• Contaminated soil

Midland Brick

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CLAY MASONRY EXAMPLES

– Post-Industrial / Pre-Consumer: fly ash,

silica fume, slag cement can be used to

replace cement

– CMU Post-Consumer: glass, recycled

concrete masonry, recycled aggregates

– Give consideration to ensure quality of

CMU

– Lightweight aggregates are produced

using waste oil

– SealTech Block –uses 10% recycled

plastic material

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CONCRETE MASONRY EXAMPLES


http://www.sealtechblock.com/

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Post-consumer glass

Post-industrial marble &

granite

Post-consumer metals

Grout may use recycled

content

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TILE/MARBLE/TERRAZZO EXAMPLES

Post-consumer glass

Post-industrial marble & granite

Post-consumer plastic chips

Aluminum divider strips may use

recycled content

riVitro Corp

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TILE/MARBLE/TERRAZZO EXAMPLES


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Fiberglass

insulation contains

26% post-industrial

and 9% post-

consumer recycled

content (35% total

recycled content).

Foam extruded polystyrene (XPS)

insulation products contain 15% post-

industrial recycled content.


INSULATION EXAMPLES

source: Owens Corning, owenscorningcommercial.com

MASONRY ACCESSORIES DETAIL 14.101 REV. 07/07/08


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DETAILING MASONRY



CAVITY INSERT/ MORTAR COLLECTION DEVICE

DEBONDED SHEAR ANCHOR

LADDER-TYPE HORIZONTAL JOINT REINFORCEMENT W/ WALL TIES

TRUSS-TYPE HORIZONTAL JOINT REINFORCEMENT

SPLIT-TAIL ANCHOR

WALL TIE

VENEER ANCHOR

WEEP SCREED

NO SCALE

HORSESHOE SHIMS

WEEP VENTS

REBAR POSITIONER

FLASHING END DAM

DRIP EDGE

SASH CORD

CORRUGATED WALL TIE

D213 WALL TIE, LONG PINTLE

MASONRY ACCESSORIES DETAIL 14.102 REV. 08/18/08


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DETAILING MASONRY



SINGLE BRICK TIE, EYE & PINTLE

SMALL TRIANGLE TIE W/ DOVETAIL TAB

NO SCALE

CORRUGATED WALL TIE

WEEP VENT

D213 WALL TIE, SHORT PINTLE

LARGE TRIANGLE TIE W/ DOVETAIL TAB

FERO TIE – BLOCK SHEAR CONNECTOR

COLUMN ROD WELDED MOUNTING

WEEP VENT

The Caravel

635 N. Dearborn

Chicago, Illinois

Park Alexandria

125 S. Jefferson

Chicago, Illinois

The Lancaster

201 N. Westshore

Chicago, Illinois

The Regatta

420 Waterside

Chicago, IL

The Chandler

420 Waterside

Chicago, IL

CHICAGO HIGHRISES USING AAC

State Place Condominiums

Roosevelt & State, Chicago, IL

CHICAGO HIGHRISES USING AAC

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Example: Project uses brick

made with fly ash aggregate


“Recycled Material: 40%

fly ash by weight… pre-

consumer”

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Example: Project uses brick made with fly ash aggregate


Brick cost $25,000 Value of bricks’ recycled content

= 40% x $25,000 = $10,000 pre-consumer

Value of materials = 45% x $1,000,000 = $450,000

Project Cost

(total construction cost of CSI Divisions 2-10): $1,000,000

1/2 credit for pre-consumer = $5,000

5,000 + X + Y + Z

450,000

= 0.10

brick’s contribution other materials’ contribution

Total material cost (CSI Div. 2-10)

10% req’d for one point 20% req’d for two points

©

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MR CREDIT 5.1 & 5.2 REGIONAL MATERIALS

INTENT Increase demand for regional

building materials and products


To qualify, materials must be

extracted and manufactured

within 500 miles of site

Use 10% regional materials

(1)

(3-ID)


(2)


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500-mile radius from Springfield

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Clay and shale come from open pit mines.

Brick is manufactured in 38 states

Processing plants are usually within 2 miles of the mine.

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Brick is manufactured in 38 states

All 50 states have multiple

concrete masonry manufacturing

plants

Cast stone and tile plants are

within 500 miles of every major

metropolitan area

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Total Cost of Regional Mat’ls ($)

Total Materials Cost ($) = Regional

Percent

Materials


Actual Value Method: Tally of actual

materials cost (CSI Div 2-10)

-

Default Value Method: 45% of total

construction cost (CSI Div 2-10)

-

SUSTAINABLE SITES

SUSTAINABLE SITES Potential

contribution

of masonry

1 point

5 points

1 point

1 point

1 point

1 point

26 24 28 10 points

LEED v. 3

SS CREDIT 2 DEVELOPMENT DENSITY & COMMUNITY CONNECTIVITY

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Channel development to urban

areas with existing infrastructure

NOT HERE

Protect greenfields

Preserve habitats and natural

resources


Build on previously-developed

site and in high-density comm-

unity (60,000 s.f./acre) …or

(1)

INTENT

Build on previously-developed

site and within ½ mile of 10

basic services

BUILD HERE

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The development density requirement of 60,000 sf/per

acre is based on a typical 2-story downtown development

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Masonry lends itself well to

designs that can take advantage

of small, irregularly-shaped lots

and infill sites.

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SS CREDIT 2

Utilizing noncombustible masonry on the exterior

means that buildings can be closer together.

DEVELOPMENT DENSITY & COMMUNITY CONNECTIVITY

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Masonry units can be used for fire-rated

interior walls and firewall separations,

offering 1 to 4 hours of fire resistance

Caravel Condominiums,

downtown Chicago

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Masonry easily adapts!

Challenging urban site?

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Small modular masonry units do no require large

equipment for delivery and staging

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SS CREDIT 5.2 SITE DEVELOPMENT: MAXIMIZE OPEN SPACE

Provide a high ratio of open

space to development footprint


Reduce footprint and/or provide

open space exceeding zoning

req’ts by at least 25%

(1)

INTENT

For projects in urban areas

achieving SS2, pedestrian-

oriented hardscape areas can

contribute to credit compliance,

provided 25% of open space is

vegetated.

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SS CREDIT 5.2 SITE DEVELOPMENT: MAXIMIZE OPEN SPACE

Provide a high ratio of open space

to development footprint

STRATEGIES

Use masonry site walls and

retaining walls

Use loadbearing masonry to

stack building program

Use concrete masonry below

grade for parking

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SS CREDIT 7.1 & 7.2 HEAT ISLAND EFFECTS, NON-ROOF & ROOF

Reduce heat islands, (thermal gradient differences

between developed and undeveloped areas)

INTENT


Provide the following for 50% of

site hardscape (roads, sidewalks,

courtyards, and parking lots):

- Shade; or

- High-albedo paving

(SRI 29 min)

- Open-grid paving

(1)

or… 50% of parking spaces

under cover

(2) High albedo roofing materials

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Temperatures increasing over two decades

Atlanta heat island effect

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Use light-colored masonry

materials

- clay pavers

- concrete pavers

- stamped concrete

- stone

STRATEGIES

Use masonry for below-grade

parking for its durability, structural,

and fire-resistive properties

Paving materials w/ SRI 29 min.

Open grid pavement

ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE

ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE LEED v. 3

Potential

contribution

of masonry

19 points

35 points 33 points 37 points 19 points

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EA PREREQUISITE 2 MINIMUM ENERGY PERFORMANCE

Demonstrate 10% improvement in the proposed building performance

rating compared w/ baseline building performance rating.

REQUIREMENTS

Option 1 – Whole Building Energy Simulation

Calculate baseline building performance rating according to the

building performance rating method in Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1-

2007, using a computer simulation model for the whole building

project.

Baseline building performance is the annual energy cost for a

building design intended for use as a baseline for rating above

standard design.

Option 2 – Prescriptive Compliance Path:

ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide

Option 3 – Prescriptive Compliance Path:

Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide

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This Standard establishes minimum

requirements for the energy efficient design of

buildings (not low-rise residential).

ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007

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Prescriptive building envelope requirements are determined

based on the building’s climate zone classification. All building

envelope components must meet the minimum insulation and

maximum U-factor and solar heat gain coeffecients

Options 2 and 3:

Prescriptive Compliance

Paths

Each country in the U.S. is assigned to 1 of 8 climate zones

Window area must be less than 40% of gross wall area

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EA CREDIT 1: 1-19 POINTS OPTIMIZE ENERGY PERFORMANCE

Energy performance above

baseline, per ASHRAE 90.1-2007

POSSIBLE LEED POINTS INTENT

Reduce environmental and

economic impacts of excessive

energy use

Use masonry cavity wall for

thermal resistance and

thermal mass properties

STRATEGY

MASONRY

LEED Reference Guide for Green Building

Design and Construction, 2009 Edition

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EA CREDIT 1 OPTIMIZE ENERGY PERFORMANCE

The simulation program shall be a

computer-based program for the

analysis of energy consumption in

buildings ( a program such as, but

not limited to, EnergyPlus, Ecotect

DOE-2).

G2.2 Simulation Program

G2. SIMULATION GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

G2.2.1

The simulation program shall be

approved by the rating authority and

shall, at a minimum, have the ability

to explicitly model all of the following:

a. 8,760 hours per year

b. hourly variations in occupancy…

c. thermal mass effects

d. ten or more thermal zones…

ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007, Informative Appendix G – Performance Rating Method

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EA CREDIT 1

LEED Reference Guide for Green Building Design and Construction, 2009 Edition

OPTIMIZE ENERGY PERFORMANCE

Material Kind R-Value

Masonry Brick, 4 inch face 0.44 Common 4 inch 0.80 Limestone/sandstone, 1 inch .08 Stucco 1 inch 0.20 Concrete Block, 8 inch 1.93 Concrete Block, 8 inch, grouted 1.04

Insulation Expanded polystyrene 1 inch 3.85 Expanded polyurethane 1 inch 6.64 Extruded Polystyrene 1 inch 4.92

(Styrofoam blue board)

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R-VALUES, MASONRY & INSULATION

Thermal values for

concrete masonry walls are

correlated to density, since

the thermal conductivity of

concrete increases with

increasing concrete density

R-VALUES

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of building

components are used to

estimate a building’s

energy consumption under

steady-state conditions.

In order to estimate a

building’s actual energy

consumption, other factors

must be considered:

Building design

Thermal mass

Climate

R-VALUES

Types of heat transfer

R-Value is an estimate of the

overall steady-state resistance

to heat transfer.

STEADY STATE R-VALUES vs. THERMAL MASS

It is determined in the laboratory

by applying a constant

temperature difference across a

wall section, then measuring the

steady state heat flow through

the wall under this condition.

HEAT heat

HEAT heat

Thermal mass, or the

heat storage ability of the wall,

is not considered in the R-Value.

STEADY STATE R-VALUES vs. THERMAL MASS

HEAT heat

HEAT heat

Thermal storage is the temporary

storage of high or low temperature

energy for later use. It allows a time

gap between energy use and

availability.

Using thermal storage, heating or

cooling energy is stored so that it is

available for space conditioning

during peak demand periods.

Buildings constructed with masonry

can require 18%-70% less insulation

than similar frame buildings, while still

providing an equivalent level of

energy efficient performance.

Exterior mass, core insulation, interior mass

Exterior insul., core mass, interior insulation

Exterior insul., interior mass

Exterior mass, interior insulation

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“Masonry or concrete walls having a mass greater than or equal to

30 lb/ft2 are defined by IECC and ASHRAE 90.1 as massive walls.”

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THERMAL MASS BENEFITS

3AM 6AM 9AM 12PM 3PM 6PM 9PM 12AM

HEAT

LOSSES

HEAT

GAINS

2-HR LAG

6-HR LAG

DA

MP

ING

Source: National Concrete Masonry Association

High-mass achieves better energy performance. Masonry walls are permitted

to have lower R Values (insulation) than frame wall systems to achieve same level of energy efficiency.

Dynamic Benefit of Massive Walls

Systems

DBMS = Less Insulation

Note Reductions in R-Value for Massive Wall Systems

Insulation:

High R-Value

Masonry:

High

Thermal

Mass

Cavity

wall

system

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THERMAL MASS & R-VALUES

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MASONRY CAVITY WALL

© 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE AIR SPACE

2” recommended

4½” max. between

brick and backup

1” min. for veneers per ACI 530 Code

MOISTURE RESISTANCE

INSULATION TYPES

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Fiberglass

Loose fill

Expanded

Polystyrene (EPS)

Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) Polyisocyanurate

INSULATED BLOCK

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SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM

EN

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Y &

ATM

OSPH

ERE

• Two-component system

• Mixed together expands

up to 30+ times in volume

to form solid product

• General features of spray polyurethane foam: – Lightweight

• 1.5 lbs per square foot

– Closed-cell rigid plastic

– Superior insulation properties

INJECTED FOAM INSULATION DETAIL 19.101A REV. 12/13/08


SU

STA

INA

BLE

MA

SO

NRY

DETAILING MASONRY



CONCRETE MASONRY

GROUT & REINF. AS REQ’D

INJECTION PORTS DRILLED IN BED JOINTS @ 8” O.C. EXCEPT @ GROUTED CELLS

CONCRETE MASONRY

GROUT & REINF. AS REQ’D GROUT & REINF. AS REQ’D

CONCRETE MASONRY


CONCRETE MASONRY

CONT. INJECTED FOAM INSULATION


CONCRETE MASONRY



CONCRETE MASONRY


PATCH INJECTION PORTS W/ MORTAR TO MATCH EXISTING

INSULATION AT INTERIOR DETAIL 08.301 REV. 02/09/09

DETAILING MASONRY




WA

LL T

YPE

S

INSULATION IN CAVITY DETAIL 08.302 REV. 02/09/09

DETAILING MASONRY




WA

LL T

YPE

S

INSULATION INSERTS IN BLOCK DETAIL 08.303 REV. 02/09/09

DETAILING MASONRY




WA

LL T

YPE

S

FOAMED-IN-PLACE INSULATION DETAIL 08.304 REV. 02/09/09

DETAILING MASONRY




WA

LL T

YPE

S

LOOSE FILL INSULATION DETAIL 08.305 REV. 02/09/09

DETAILING MASONRY




WA

LL T

YPE

S

EXTERIOR INSULATION DETAIL 08.306 REV. 02/09/09

DETAILING MASONRY




WA

LL T

YPE

S

INSULATION AT MULTIPLE LOCATIONS DETAIL 08.307 REV. 02/09/09

DETAILING MASONRY




WA

LL T

YPE

S

114

R-Values of Multi-Wythe Concrete Masonry Walls

R-Values for Single Wythe Concrete Masonry Walls

Energy Code Compliance Using COMCHK-EZ

6-1A

6-4A

6-2A

6-11 Insulating Concrete Masonry Walls- construction

oriented discussion of various insulation methods

SUMMARY OF NCMA ENERGY TEKS

WALL TYPE 08.101 2” RIGID EXTRUDED POLYSTYRENE INSULATION

DETAIL 08.101 REV. 02/09/09

WA

LL T

YPE

S

DETAILING MASONRY




N.T.S.

BRICK VENEER

AIR/WATER/VAPOR BARRIER AS REQ’D

HORIZONTAL JOINT REINFORCEMENT W/ INTEGRAL WALL TIES

CMU BACKUP

2” EXTRUDED POLYSTYRENE INSULATION

16”

3 5/8” 2¾” 2” 7 5/8”

2¾” AIR SPACE

WALL TYPE 08.102 2” RIGID XPS INSULATION W/ INSERTS

DETAIL 08.102 REV. 02/09/09

WA

LL T

YPE

S

DETAILING MASONRY




N.T.S.

BRICK VENEER



CMU BACKUP


16”

3 5/8” 2¾” 2” 7 5/8”

EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE INSULATION INSERTS

2¾” AIR SPACE

R-19 BENCHMARK

WALL TYPE 08.103 3” RIGID XPS INSULATION W/ INSERTS

DETAIL 08.103 REV. 02/09/09

WA

LL T

YPE

S

DETAILING MASONRY




N.T.S.

BRICK VENEER


16”

3 5/8” 1¾” 3” 7 5/8”


CMU BACKUP


1¾” AIR SPACE

R-19 BENCHMARK

WALL TYPE 08.104 3” RIGID XPS INSULATION

DETAIL 08.104 REV. 02/09/09

WA

LL T

YPE

S

DETAILING MASONRY




N.T.S.

BRICK VENEER



CMU BACKUP


16”

3 5/8” 1¾” 3” 7 5/8”


1¾” AIR SPACE

17% INCREASE FROM R-19 BENCHMARK

WALL TYPE 08.105 3” POLYISOCYANURATE INSULATION

DETAIL 08.105 REV. 02/09/09

WA

LL T

YPE

S

DETAILING MASONRY




N.T.S.

BRICK VENEER



CMU BACKUP

3” POLYISO. INSULATION

16”

3 5/8” 1¾” 3” 7 5/8”

1¾” AIR SPACE


WALL TYPE 08.106 3” POLYISOCYANURATE INSULATION W/ INSERTS

DETAIL 08.106 REV. 02/09/09

WA

LL T

YPE

S

DETAILING MASONRY




N.T.S.

BRICK VENEER



CMU BACKUP

3” POLYISO. INSULATION

16”

3 5/8” 1¾” 3” 7 5/8”


1¾” AIR SPACE


INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

LEED 2009

5 points, NC

6 points, SCHOOLS

4 points, CS

Potential

contribution

of masonry

1 point

1 point

1 point

1 point

1 point

1 point

1 point

15 23 12

INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

EQ CREDIT 3.1 CONSTRUCTION IAQ MANAGEMENT PLAN

IND

OO

R E

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TAL

QU

ALITY

INTENT Reduce air quality problems

resulting from the construction /

renovation process


(1)

Masonry materials not organic

and therefore not a food source

for mold

Masonry materials are easily

protected from moisture during

construction

Meet minimum

requirements of ASHRAE

62.1, Ventilation for

Acceptable Indoor Air

Quality

DURING CONSTRUCTION

EQ CREDIT 4.1 LOW-EMITTING MATERIALS, ADHESIVES & SEALANTS

IND

OO

R E

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TAL

QU

ALITY

INTENT Reduce quantity of indoor air

contaminants that are odorous,

irritating, and/or harmful to the

comfort and well-being of

installers and occupants


(1) All adhesives and sealants

comply with reference standards

EQ CREDIT 4.1 LOW-EMITTING MATERIALS, ADHESIVES & SEALANTS

IND

OO

R E

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TAL

QU

ALITY

Anchored masonry veneer does

not require adhesives

Masonry requires less sealant

than many other wall systems

Use low-VOC sealants for

expansion and control joints

http://www.bacweb.org/news/intl_apprent_contest/photo_gallery/main.php?g2_itemId=1740&g2_imageViewsIndex=1

• Most masonry materials do not require paints or coatings.

• Paints and coatings for CMU comply with VOC requirements.

• Ground Face and Split-Face CMU do not require paint.

• Tile does not require coatings or sealers.

EQ CREDIT 4.2 LOW-EMITTING MATERIALS, PAINTS & COATINGS

IND

OO

R E

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TAL

QU

ALITY


(1) All paints and coatings comply

with reference standards

INTENT Reduce quantity of indoor air

contaminants that are odorous,

irritating, and/or harmful to the

comfort and well-being of

installers and occupants

• Insulated masonry wall systems provide superior Thermal Resistant (R) values for consistent temperatures.

• Masonry thermal mass quality moderates temperatures.

EQ CREDIT 7.1 THERMAL COMORT: DESIGN

IND

OO

R E

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TAL

QU

ALITY

INTENT Provide a comfortable thermal

environment that supports the

productivity and well-being of

building occupants

MASONRY


(1) Design HVAC and building

envelope to meet ASHRAE 56

Thermal Comfort Conditions

EQ CREDIT 7.1 THERMAL COMORT: DESIGN

IND

OO

R E

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TAL

QU

ALITY

Masonry walls can assist in regulating temperature and

controlling mold and moisture penetration

EQ CREDIT 9 ENHANCED ACOUSTICAL PERFORMANCE

IND

OO

R E

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TAL

QU

ALITY

INTENT Provide classrooms that

facilitate better teacher and

student communications

through effective acoustical

design


(1) Comply with requirements

for sound transmission

and background noise


IND

OO

R E

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TAL

QU

ALITY

REQUIREMENTS

Design building shell and

classroom partitions to meet

STC requirements of ANSI

Standard S12.60-2002

and

Reduce background noise

level in classrooms to 40

dBA or less from HVAC

systems.


IND

OO

R E

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TAL

QU

ALITY

STC Requirements for Classroom Assemblies


IND

OO

R E

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TAL

QU

ALITY

ACOUSTIC CONCRETE MASONRY

Acoustic CMUs can provide sound control for a

better indoor learning and working environment

Much like a car muffler, the

closed-end cavities resonate

sound waves and convert them

harmlessly to heat

REGIONAL PRIORITY

Regional Priority Credits (RPCs) incentivize the

achievement of credits that address geographically specific

environmental priorities.

LEED 2009 REGIONAL PRIORITY CREDITS

Each specific area – referenced by ZIP code – has six

RPCs per rating system. A project may earn up

to four bonus points as a result of earning RPCs, with one

bonus point earned per RPC.

RPCs are not new LEED credits, but are existing credits

that USGBC chapters and regional councils have

designated as being particularly important for their areas.

The incentive to achieve the credits is in the

form of a bonus point. If an RPC is earned, then a bonus

point is awarded to the project’s total points.



SSc4

SSc6

WEc3

MRc6

IEQc1.3

IEQc1.4

For ZIP Code 60137, LEED EB-O&M, priorities are:


SUSTAINABLE SITES LEED 2009

WATER EFFICIENCY LEED 2009

ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE LEED 2009

MATERIALS & RESOURCES LEED 2009

INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LEED 2009

INNOVATION IN DESIGN

INNOVATION & DESIGN LEED 2009

Potential

contribution

of masonry

5 points

6 points 5 points 6 points 5 points NC

4 points SCH

5 points CS

Cured concrete reabsorbs CO2 from the atmosphere

Over several years, 100 lbs of portland cement will

absorb 20 lbs of CO2, or 0.6 lbs of CO2 per concrete

masonry unit

If the concrete masonry

units are painted or

sealed, the absorption

will be reduced

Absorption is higher for

concrete masonry than

for cast-in-place due to

concrete masonry’s

higher porosity

source: AIA Environmental Resource Guide, 1996-1998, Concrete Masonry 04220, pp. 16-17

INNOVATION IN DESIGN INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

INN

OVA

TIO

N &

DES

IGN


Improve sound quality by using acoustically efficient

masonry materials

ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE

INN

OVA

TIO

N &

DES

IGN

Example: Project uses masonry with mortar containing

masons’ sand, an abundant material


INN

OVA

TIO

N &

DES

IGN

ABUNDANT MATERIALS

Ongoing geological processes

generate new deposits of sand

in the hundreds of millions of

tons each year.

source: North American Insulation Manufacturers Association, naima.org

Much more raw sand is

generated annually than is

used by man.


INN

OVA

TIO

N &

DES

IGN

ABUNDANT MATERIALS

By proportion, Type N Mortar is approximately

NOT LESS

THAN 2¼ AND

NOT MORE

THAN 3 TIMES

THE SUM OF

SEPARATE

VOLUMES OF

LIME, IF USED,

AND CEMENT

¼

OVER ¼ TO ½

OVER ½ TO 1¼

OVER 1¼ TO 2½

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

1

1

1

1

M

S

N

O

CEMENT-LIME

N S M N S M

AGGREGATE

RATIO

(MEASURED IN

DAMP, LOOSE

CONDITIONS)

HYDRATED LIME OR LIME

PUTTY

MASONRY CEMENT

MORTAR CEMENT

PORTLAND CEMENT OR BLENDED CEMENT

TYPE

MORTAR

PROPORTIONS BY VOLUME

source: ASTM C 270

1:1:6

Portland Cement : Lime : Sand

ABUNDANT MATERIALS INNOVATION IN DESIGN

INN

OVA

TIO

N &

DES

IGN

Structural masonry uses the

inherent strength of masonry

to minimize or eliminate the

requirements of a separate

structural frame

INNOVATION IN DESIGN STRUCTURAL MASONRY

INN

OVA

TIO

N &

DES

IGN

Expidite design time and

construction schedule, save

on cost

STR

UC

TURA

L M

ASO

NRY

TYPE I HYBRID EXAMPLE

FIG. 20.514

c) TYPE I HYBRID ∆= 0.02” (0.5 mm)

a) RIGID FRAME

10 KIPS W12x35

∆

W1

2x4

0

∆= 4” (100 mm) W

12

x4

0

W8x24

W8

x1

5

W8

x1

5

10 KIPS

b) BRACED FRAME ∆= 0.04” (1 mm)

W8

x1

5

W8

x1

5

W8x24 10 KIPS

HEAD DETAIL DETAIL 01.304 REV. 09/27/07


BRIC

K &

BLO

CK C

AV

ITY W

ALL

DETAILING MASONRY



PLATE WELDED TO I-BEAM

DETAIL FEATURES

• PLATE WELDED TO I-BEAM • CUT BLOCK AROUND BEAM

STRUCTURAL MASONRY

Precast masory lintel fabricated on the ground

Hoisted by lift

PRECAST LINTELS © 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE


STRUCTURAL MASONRY

Precast lintel set into place 10-foot span

PRECAST LINTELS

Time savings

4-6 weeks by hand vs 3-4 days w/ software

Perforated shear walls!

Layout changes easy to accommodate

Models can easily be saved, modified

and reused for future projects

Whole building results not just

components

Entire building does not have to be

designed for localized worse case

Integrates with other material design,

software, BIM, etc.