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Group Members Nayab Zahra
090303-001
Fatima Ahmad 100403-007
Ifra Qureshi 090303-020
M. Ali Aktar 100403-006
UMTSUBMITTED TO MR. AHMAD
SHEIKH
UMT Lahore, Pakistan
Presented to: Sir Ahmad
Sheikh
Mass Media & Communication
Types of Communication
Physical Communication
Media
Physical Media• Physical media we mean channels where the
person who is talking can be seen and heard by the audience.
• See the body language and feel the climate in the room.
• If a message is perceived as important to the receiver they expect to hear it live from their manager.
Example
Mechanical Media
Mechanical Communication
• But they can also be very fast.
• Because it is written, it is always interpret by the reader based on “his or her mental condition”.
Examples
Broadcast Media
Broadcast Media/Broadcast
ing• The term broadcast was first adopted by early radio engineers from the Midwestern United States.
• Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and video content to a dispersed audience via any audio visual medium.
• Originally all broadcasting was composed of analog signals using analog transmission techniques and more recently broadcasters have switched to digital signals using digital transmission.
Digital Media• Digital media is a form of electronic media where data is stored in digital form. It can refer to the technical aspect of storage and transmission of information or to the “End Product", such as digital video, augmented reality or digital art.
• This emerged in the latter part of the 20th century. New media are the cultural objects which use digital computer technology for distribution and exhibition. Internet, websites, computer multimedia, video games.
• New media does not include television programs, feature films, magazines, books, or paper-based publications unless they contain technologies that enable digital interactivity.
• Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia, is an example, combining Internet accessible digital text, images and video with web-links, creative participation of contributors, interactive feedback of users and formation of a participant community of editors and donors for the benefit of non-community readers.
NEW
MEDIA
Hypermedia• Hypermedia is a computer-based
information retrieval system that enables a user to gain or provide access to texts, audio and video recordings, photographs and computer graphics related to a particular subject.
• Hypermedia is used as a logical extension of the term hypertext in which graphics, audio, video, plain text and hyperlinks intertwine to create a generally non-linear medium of information.
• The World Wide Web is a classic example of hypermedia, whereas a non interactive cinema presentation is an example of standard multimedia due to the absence of hyperlinks.
Static Media• Static media include text
and still-pictures (graphics, photo, illustrations). These media are stable over time, i.e. enabling the observer to perceive the information in a self-chosen speed.
• Examples:TextPictures
Dynamic Media
• Dynamic media are those including sound, voice, animation, video, (interactive-) and simulations.
• Compared to static media, dynamic media represent unstable information from the point of view of the observer.
• The flow of the information is normally beyond the control of the observer. Examples:SongsVideos
Streaming Media And Real Time
Streaming Media
Allows users to watch or listen to content without downloading.
Real Time Media• When an event or function is
processed instantaneously, it is said to occur in real-time. To say something takes place in real-time is the same as saying it is happening "live" or "on-the-fly."
• Real-time also describes the way streaming media is processed. Instead of waiting for a file to completely download, the information is played back as it is downloaded. This allows for news broadcasts, sound clips, and other streaming audio and video data to be played live from the Internet.
Podcast
• Radio and TV programs available “online” after they have been broadcasted.
• They can also be edited and also
re-broadcasted.
Teletext
Brief History • Teletext developed in the United Kingdom in
the early 1970s.• It offers text-based information. Subtitle (or
closed captioning) information is also transmitted in the teletext signal.
• It is basically set up by the researcher to send Closed captioning information to the audience across the country .
Close caption information
• CCI is the process of displaying text on a television, video screen or other visual display.
• Purpose; to provide additional information. • It show a transcription of the audio portion of
a program.
Development • In 1972 the BBC demonstrated their system,
now known as Ceefax ("see facts") on various news shows.
• The ITA announced their own service in 1973, known as ORACLE.
• In 1973–74, towards the end of 1974 the BBC news department started with 30 pages. The Ceefax service was later expanded to 100 pages and was launched formally in 1976.
• By 1984, the teletext system evolved into what is now known as World System Teletext (WST).
Usage• Teletext can be used to
transmit data in addition to subtitles including information pages, clocks and private data.
• Teletext transmission system has some advantages and disadvantages.
Teletext broadcast service
• It is free and easily accessible to viewers throughout the country.
• Viewers access news, exchange rates and much other resource information on demand from Teletext 24/7.
Applications of Teletext
Advantages of the Teletext system
• Teletext technology is well proven and reliable. • Teletext is aimed mainly at the domestic user, though
some of the information has commercial importance.• People are able to obtain information at any time the
TV station is transmitting.• People can see the news.• people can choose for themselves how long to spend
on any particular item.• Teletext information is frequently updated and urgent
newsflashes.
Advantages of the Teletext system
• People whose hearing is not very good can use teletext .
• service covers news reviews, documentaries, films and other entertainments.
• The viewer can control whether or not the subtitles are displayed.
• A broadcaster can provide more than one language in a Teletext subtitle service.
Advantages of the Teletext system
• Teletext subtitling has been adopted in most countries that use the PAL television system to provide an important service for TV viewers who are hearing impaired.
• Teletext is transmitted along with ordinary television programme signals and thus does not require separate transmitters or additional radio frequencies.
What is Teletext?
Who provides Teletext?
What types of Information and
services do CEEFAX/ORACLE
provide?
What equipment is needed to
receive teletext in the home?• Most users of teletext use a TV set with an
adaptor that was built-in when the TV set was made in the factory.
• It is also possible to buy separate adaptors to convert a non-teletext TV to receive teletext.
How often are teletext pages
updated?
Disadvantages of the Teletext system
Nayab Zahra090303-
001
Fatima Ahmad
100403-
007
Ifra Qureshi
090303-
020
M. Ali Aktar
100403-
006