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MATERIAL DEPRIVATIONAnd its impact on educational outcomes
BY THE END OF THIS LESSON YOU WILL BE ABLE TO Define material deprivation
Discuss how poor diet is linked to poor educational achievement
State two ways in which inadequate housing can make it more difficult for children to excel in school
Explain “the hidden cost of free schooling”
Contrast the effect’s of cultural and material deprivation
WHAT IS MATERIAL DEPRIVATION?Material deprivation refers to poverty and a lack of economic or material resources.
MATERIAL DEPRIVATION
MATERIAL DEPRIVATIONJan Flaherty (2004)
Money problems are a significant factor in younger children’s non-attendance at school
90% of failing schools are in deprived areas.
Deprived areas not deprived areas
• There is a close link between poverty and social class
• Working class families get paid lower wages and are much more likely to be in poverty
• Working class families are much more likely to be in inadequate housing
CHILD POVERTY Affects children’s educational attainment
DIET AND HEALTH http://www.makelunch.org.uk/about
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/4032449.stm
Marilyn Howard (2001) Children from poorer homes- lower intakes of energy, vitamins and minerals.
Weakened immune systems more illness more time off school
Lower energy levels Difficulties concentrating
DIET AND HEALTH Richard Wilkinson (1996)
Poorer children are much more prone to emotional and behavioural problems
The lower the social class the higher the rate of hyperactivityanxietyconduct disorders
HOUSING
HOUSING
HOW DOES POOR HOUSING IMPACT EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT?
HOUSING Overcrowding can make it much harder to study
Michael Gove - children should have a room of their own to study in
Disturbed sleep from sharing rooms or even beds will make concentration much harder
Young children may not have enough room to safely explore and play
Temporary housing may mean many moves and changes of school
Poor housing can also impact health:
For example:- Damp, Unsafe living conditions, Psychological stress
FINANCIAL SUPPORT“The cost of free schooling” David Bull (1980)
Can you think of some items that you have to have for school that you have to pay for yourself/ as a family?
WORKSHEET
FINANCIAL SUPPORT Children from poor families cannot afford the same equipment for school
Emily Tanner et al. (2003)
Found that there is a heavy burden on poor families caused by the cost of things like:
UNIFORM BOOKS COMPUTERS
SPORTS KIT SCHOOL TRIPS
ART EQUIPMENT
FINANCIAL SUPPORT Poor children may have to make do with hand-me-downs and cheap equipment.
This may have a negative impact on self esteem
It can lead to bullying Children from low income families often need to work
These jobs may have a negative impact on their education.
FINANCIAL SUPPORT
Do financial restrictions explain why children from low income families are more likely to leave school at 16?
CULTURAL OR MATERIAL DEPRIVATION?Cultural
Some children from poor families do succeed despite material deprivation.
And so material deprivation can only be part of the possible
Material Mortimore and Whitty (1997) Material inequalities have more impact than schools
Peter Robinson (1997) Tackling poverty is most effective way to improve achievement in schools
BY THE END OF THIS LESSON YOU WILL BE ABLE TO Define material deprivation
Discuss how poor diet is linked to poor educational achievement
State two ways in which inadequate housing can make it more difficult for children to excel in school
Explain “the hidden cost of free schooling”
Contrast the effect’s of cultural and material deprivation
Item 1B
According to some sociologists, many working-class children are disadvantaged by their early experiences.
Studies of pre-school socialisation show important differences between social classes that contribute to
differences in educational achievement. Some working-class parents have lower expectations of their children,
place less emphasis on constant improvement and do not reward success systematically. Working-class homes,
with fewer books and educational toys, may provide a less stimulating learning environment. Similarly, some
working-class children are not taught to use the elaborated speech code used both by middle-class families and
by the school. The government considers these factors so important that it has sought to intervene. For example,
Sure Start involves over 500 local programmes in deprived areas, working with disadvantaged families to
promote young children’s intellectual, linguistic and social development so that they are in a position to do well
when they start school.
(f) Using material from Item 1B and elsewhere, assess the view that working-class under-achievement in
education is the result of home circumstances and family background.
(20 marks)
EXAM PRACTICE
