MATTER is everything around us.

Matter is made out of tiny particles called ATOMS.

Some atoms join together,

to make groups known as MOLECULES...

Apart from colour, odour and taste, matter has other PROPERTIES:1) VOLUME: it describes how much SPACE matter occupies.

For example, a football has more volume than a tennis ball.

We measure volume in millilitres (ml). 1.000 ml = 1 litre

3) DENSITY: it is the AMOUNT of MATTER (MASS) in a VOLUME. For example, this three balls have the same volume, but their weight (mass)is different.

This is because their density is different.Density (Kg/L) = mass / volume

CORK WOOD IRON

2) MASS: it is the AMOUNT of MATTER in an object. To know an object’s mass, we have to weigh it.

We measure it in grams (g).

1.000 = 1 Kg

4) HARDNESS: it is the SCRATCH-RESISTANCE of a solid.

Diamonds are the hardest natural solids.

5-a) CONDUCTIVITY: it is the ability of certain materials to CONDUCT or TRANSFER HEAT.

Metals are good conductors. b) INSULATION: it is the ability of certain materials to

REDUCE THE TRANSFER OF HEAT.

Wood and plastic are good insulators.

6) SOLUBILITY: it is the ability of a substance to DISSOLVE in other substance and form a solution.

Sugar dissolves well in water, but oil does not.

TYPES OF MATTER: according to its composition, matter can be classifed into:-PURE substances, such as silver of salt, consist of only ONE type of matter.-MIXTURE substances, such as a salad or the air consist of TWO or MORE substances .+There are different METHODS TO SEPARATE substances:

1-FILTRATION: for example, when we pouring the juice of a lemon through a filter, the solids stay in the filter.

2-EVAPORATION: e.g., when we heat sea water, the liquid evaporates and leaves only the salt crystals.

3-SIEVING: we use a SIEVE to separate solids of different sizes, e.g., gold pebbles and sand.