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Meaning of educational Meaning of educational ChangeChange

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What is change?What is change?

““If reforms are to be successful, individuals If reforms are to be successful, individuals and groups must find meaning concerning and groups must find meaning concerning what should change as well as how to go what should change as well as how to go about it” (Fullan, 2001 p.xi)about it” (Fullan, 2001 p.xi)

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What is change?What is change?

Change involves: Change involves: Systematic transformation of the education Systematic transformation of the education

system; e.g. Vision of Teacher Education system; e.g. Vision of Teacher Education Strategy and Standards for New Teachers Strategy and Standards for New Teachers

Structural change e.g. in organisation, policy, Structural change e.g. in organisation, policy, programmes, courses; programmes, courses;

Consideration of interconnections between Consideration of interconnections between diverse components of the system - in this diverse components of the system - in this context need to consider the interconnection context need to consider the interconnection between academic and teacher preparation between academic and teacher preparation programmes and practice in school programmes and practice in school

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Educational meaning of Educational meaning of changechange

  Educational organizations are among the Educational organizations are among the aspects that are experiencing  a lot of change aspects that are experiencing  a lot of change

in the whole world and hence information in the whole world and hence information concerning how this change should be led and concerning how this change should be led and

managed is of great importance. There are managed is of great importance. There are different ways that are used in bringing about different ways that are used in bringing about

change in educational systems. Many change in educational systems. Many researchers and scholars have stated that researchers and scholars have stated that

bring about change is one thing and leading bring about change is one thing and leading and managing that change is another aspect.and managing that change is another aspect.

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Cont…Cont…

Traditional educational settings need to be Traditional educational settings need to be changed in order to incorporate the aspect changed in order to incorporate the aspect of advanced technology in education of advanced technology in education (Harris, 2007, pp.316) (Harris, 2007, pp.316)

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Need Need

In the current world, leading and managing In the current world, leading and managing change in educational institution setting change in educational institution setting requires a lot of innovations and requires a lot of innovations and inventions. This is because the current inventions. This is because the current world is changing at very high rate and world is changing at very high rate and without innovations and inventions without innovations and inventions educational institutions will lag behind. educational institutions will lag behind.

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Make a Change practically usefulMake a Change practically useful

For instance, many schools in the world especially For instance, many schools in the world especially in the developed world have moved from the in the developed world have moved from the aspect of copying notes in a book to typing aspect of copying notes in a book to typing notes during classes while using laptops. This is notes during classes while using laptops. This is a technological change and which should be a technological change and which should be taught to students over time (Baldridge & Deal, taught to students over time (Baldridge & Deal, 1975, pp.76). The best way of managing change 1975, pp.76). The best way of managing change in educational organization settings is to train in educational organization settings is to train parties involved (teachers, students, and parties involved (teachers, students, and seniors) on the uses of that change.seniors) on the uses of that change.

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Cont…..Cont…..

On the other hand managers, plan and budget for On the other hand managers, plan and budget for changes, organizing people to be prepared for changes, organizing people to be prepared for change, do the staffing, control the workforce, change, do the staffing, control the workforce, and help in solving problems that may be and help in solving problems that may be brought about by this change. it should be noted brought about by this change. it should be noted that in educational organizations setting, change that in educational organizations setting, change managers analyze the situation, motivate the managers analyze the situation, motivate the parties involved in change implementations parties involved in change implementations towards acceptance of this change, and set up towards acceptance of this change, and set up public relations with the people (Students, public relations with the people (Students, teachers, communities, and administrators) who teachers, communities, and administrators) who are affected by the change (Easterby-Smith et are affected by the change (Easterby-Smith et al, 2003, pp.63) al, 2003, pp.63)

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Role of Manager in educational Role of Manager in educational institutioninstitution

When a certain educational program or course is When a certain educational program or course is introduced in a campus in any country, it is the introduced in a campus in any country, it is the role of the managers to make sure that the role of the managers to make sure that the project is adequately funded, the sources of project is adequately funded, the sources of funds, the personnel who will be involved in that funds, the personnel who will be involved in that project like who will be the head of department, project like who will be the head of department, which teachers will be teaching this new course which teachers will be teaching this new course and so on, and the responsibilities of each and and so on, and the responsibilities of each and every member of staff who will be required to every member of staff who will be required to take part in that project take part in that project

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The Role of School The Role of School Manager(Hall inger,2005)Manager(Hall inger,2005)

Focused on creating a shared vision. This aligns with Focused on creating a shared vision. This aligns with much of the general research.much of the general research.

Developed a climate of high expectation Developed a climate of high expectation Guided the continuous improvements of the school Guided the continuous improvements of the school Monitored the curriculum and students learning Monitored the curriculum and students learning

outcomesoutcomes Created and communicated the school vision Created and communicated the school vision Arranged Staff development Arranged Staff development Became a visible presence in the school by modeling the Became a visible presence in the school by modeling the

share values of the school’s cultureshare values of the school’s culture

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Competencies of head: Competencies of head:

A professionalA professional A builder of relationshipsA builder of relationships A good communicatorA good communicator A good listenerA good listener A positive personA positive person A motivatorA motivator Excellent leaderExcellent leader

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In educational settings, technology has In educational settings, technology has caused a lot of changes which have caused a lot of changes which have brought about improvement in brought about improvement in performance of both students and performance of both students and teachers (Paton & McCalman, 2000) teachers (Paton & McCalman, 2000)

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The concept of change does not only occur in the The concept of change does not only occur in the leadership and management of educational leadership and management of educational organizations but also to the performance of students organizations but also to the performance of students and teachers. In this respect, the quality of education is and teachers. In this respect, the quality of education is changing where students because of improved and changing where students because of improved and advanced technologies are increasingly performing very advanced technologies are increasingly performing very well at schools. It has become very easy for tutors to well at schools. It has become very easy for tutors to teach their students especially with the new internet teach their students especially with the new internet technology. Organizational change, as stated by Fullan technology. Organizational change, as stated by Fullan (2001, pp.43), is the process of moving from the present (2001, pp.43), is the process of moving from the present or current operational phase into the next and advanced or current operational phase into the next and advanced functional phase functional phase

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In educational organizational settings, there are some In educational organizational settings, there are some barriers that hinder change from taking place. These barriers that hinder change from taking place. These barriers include;barriers include;

inefficient leadership and leadership strategies inefficient leadership and leadership strategies ineffective communication with parties involved in ineffective communication with parties involved in change implementation, change implementation,

unclear processes and procedures concerning specific unclear processes and procedures concerning specific and general goals,and general goals,

lack of involvement of all parties that are concerned or lack of involvement of all parties that are concerned or involved in change management, resistance from involved in change management, resistance from employees, and improper or ineffective management of employees, and improper or ineffective management of resources (Easterby-Smith et al, 2003, pp.23). resources (Easterby-Smith et al, 2003, pp.23).

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The Concept of Change In order to clearly The Concept of Change In order to clearly understand the concept of change, it is of understand the concept of change, it is of great importance to define this change. great importance to define this change. Change can be defined differently Change can be defined differently according to different situations according to different situations

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Teacher Education Teacher Education StrategyStrategy

A vision for teachers – a vision for changeA vision for teachers – a vision for change1.1. Commitment to their students and to educating Commitment to their students and to educating allall of their of their

students. students. 2.2. Possess general knowledge, subject knowledge, use a Possess general knowledge, subject knowledge, use a

variety of teaching methods that respect students and make variety of teaching methods that respect students and make them active learners, to improve and develop life-skills them active learners, to improve and develop life-skills including problem-solving and critical thinking.including problem-solving and critical thinking.

3.3. Responsible for monitoring and guiding their students’ Responsible for monitoring and guiding their students’ learning.learning.

4.4. Think systematically about their practices, learn from their Think systematically about their practices, learn from their experiences and continue to develop professionally.experiences and continue to develop professionally.

5.5. Work with their colleagues as members of a community of Work with their colleagues as members of a community of learners.learners.

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Teachers are the main change agents for school Teachers are the main change agents for school learning environment therefore, their professional learning environment therefore, their professional development is necessary for bringing change in development is necessary for bringing change in teaching learning processteaching learning process

Hall and Hord (1987) also indicate the importance of Hall and Hord (1987) also indicate the importance of teachers’ concern and say,teachers’ concern and say,

““Change can be more successful if theChange can be more successful if the concerns of teacher are considered”concerns of teacher are considered” Collaborative teaching learning environment is a source Collaborative teaching learning environment is a source

of school effectiveness .So, the school management of school effectiveness .So, the school management should encourage collaboration in school.should encourage collaboration in school.

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Need for Facil i t ies in Schools.

Facilities are materials designed to serve specific purposes. In the school system, there are multiplicity of facilities, which facilitate teaching and learning. They are used;

(1) To illustrate concepts (2) Provide opportunity for firsthand experience (3) For experimentation and demonstration (4) For scientific investigation and discovery (5) To provide diversity of thoughts (6) For observation and inquiry (7) For development of scientific attitudes and skills (8) To protect the individual and also provide comfort

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Changing the Conditions of Teaching Changing the Conditions of Teaching (cont.)(cont.)

Change is needed, Change is needed, toward...toward...•Democratic school communities in which supervisors promote shared decision-making, collegiality, and teacher leadership

•Policies that value teachers as part of the solution and provide the human and material resources teachers need to improve schools and provide all students with a quality education

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Changing the Conditions of Teaching Changing the Conditions of Teaching (cont.)(cont.)

•Teaching as a career in which teachers are properly inducted into the profession and are provided new responsibilities, appropriate support, increased recognition, and significantly increased salary at each career stage

•A vision of practice that values and honors respect and dignity as well as shared power and decision making

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Cont….Cont…. Improvement in Learning Environment (Better Improvement in Learning Environment (Better

infrastructure through School Management Councils)infrastructure through School Management Councils) Technical / Vocational Education (It is important to Technical / Vocational Education (It is important to

provide demand related skills).provide demand related skills). Instructional Methods (Emphasis must be given on Instructional Methods (Emphasis must be given on

development of analytical faculties of the students).development of analytical faculties of the students). Teachers’ Training and Knowledge (To improve Teachers’ Training and Knowledge (To improve

teachers’ knowledge of the subject and equip them with teachers’ knowledge of the subject and equip them with a wide repertoire of teaching skills).a wide repertoire of teaching skills).

English Language (Introduction of English from Class – English Language (Introduction of English from Class – I. Future policy reforms will emphasize the teaching of I. Future policy reforms will emphasize the teaching of science subjects in English at public secondary schools).science subjects in English at public secondary schools).

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ConclusionConclusion

change is a concept that occurs over a period of time and change is a concept that occurs over a period of time and from time to time. Not all people in an organization are from time to time. Not all people in an organization are ready for this change and hence it can be resisted by ready for this change and hence it can be resisted by some people. It is therefore the role of change manager some people. It is therefore the role of change manager to make sure that all people are incorporated in the to make sure that all people are incorporated in the process of adapting change. The managers of change in process of adapting change. The managers of change in educational institutions should ensure that there are educational institutions should ensure that there are enough resources for the implementation of a new enough resources for the implementation of a new change. It is very essential for leaders to understand the change. It is very essential for leaders to understand the views of all people in order to avoid much resistance to views of all people in order to avoid much resistance to change change

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ReferencesReferences

Anderson, D. (2009). Organization Development: Anderson, D. (2009). Organization Development: The Process of Leading Organizational Change. The Process of Leading Organizational Change. New Jersey: Wiley Baldridge, J. and Deal, T. New Jersey: Wiley Baldridge, J. and Deal, T. (1975). Managing Change in Educational (1975). Managing Change in Educational Organizations. London: Prentice Hall Bartunek, Organizations. London: Prentice Hall Bartunek, J. (2003). Organizational and Educational J. (2003). Organizational and Educational Change. New York: Blackwell Bascia, N. and Change. New York: Blackwell Bascia, N. and Hargreaves, A. (2000). The Sharp Edge of Hargreaves, A. (2000). The Sharp Edge of Educational C Educational C