My Favourite Place in My Country

Romania

The Black Sea

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LocationThe Black Sea is

a sea in Southeastern Europe.

It is bounded by Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean and the Aegean Seas and various straits.

Black Sea - Sea side resort

The salinity of the Black SeaThe Black Sea has a positive water

balance; that is, a net outflow of water 300 km3 per year through the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles into the Aegean Sea. Mediterranean water flows into the Black Sea as part of a two-way hydrological exchange.

The Black Sea outflow is cooler and less saline, and floats over the warm, more saline Mediterranean inflow – as a result of differences in density caused by differences in salinity – leading to a significant anoxic layer well below the surface waters.

The Black Sea also receives river water from large Eurasian fluvial systems to the north of the Sea, of which the Don, Dnieper and Danube are the most significant.

Hidrology

The Black Sea is a marginal sea and is the world’s largest body of water with a meromictic basin.

The deep waters do not mix with the upper layers of water that receive oxygen from the atmosphere. As a result, over 90% of the deeper Black Sea volume is anoxic water.

The Black Sea’s circulation patterns are primarily controlled by basin topography and fluvial inputs, which result in a strongly stratified vertical structure. Because of the extreme stratification, it is classified as a salt wedge estuary.

Hidrochemistry

Organic matter, including anthropogenic artifacts such as boat

hulls, are well preserved. During periods of high surface productivity, short-

lived algal blooms form organic rich layers known as sapropels.

Scientists have reported an annual phytoplankton bloom that can

be seen in many NASA images of the region. As a result of these

characteristics the Black Sea has gained interest from the field of marine

archaeology as ancient shipwrecks in excellent states of preservation have

been discovered, such as the Byzantine wreck Sinop D, located in the

anoxic layer off the coast of Sinop, Turkey.

Ecology

The Black Sea supports an active and dynamic

marine ecosystem, dominated by species suited to the

brackish, nutrient-rich, conditions. As with all marine

food webs, the Black Sea features a range of trophic

groups, with autotrophic algae, including diatoms and

dinoflagellates, acting as primary producers.

The fluvial systems draining Eurasia and central

Europe introduce large volumes of sediment and

dissolved nutrients into the Black Sea, but distribution

of these nutrients is controlled by the degree of

physiochemical stratification, which is, in turn, dictated

by seasonal physiographic development.

Endemic animal species Zebra mussel

The Black Sea along with the Caspian Sea is part of the Zebra mussel's native range. The mussel has been accidentally introduced around the world and become an invasive species where it has been introduced.

Common Carp

The Common Carp's native range extends to The Black Sea along with the Caspian Sea and Aral Sea. Like the Zebra mussel the Common Carp is an invasive species when introduced to other habitats.

Round Goby

Is another native fish that is also found in the Caspian Sea. It preys upon Zebra mussels. Like the mussels and common carp it has become invasive when introduced to other environments, like the Great Lakes.

Common Carp

Zebra mussel

Round Goby

ClimateShort-term climatic variation in the

Black Sea region is significantly influenced by the operation of the North Atlantic Oscillation, the climatic mechanisms resulting from the interaction between the north Atlantic and mid-latitude air masses.

While the exact mechanisms causing the North Atlantic Oscillation remain unclear, it is thought the climate conditions established in western Europe mediate the heat and precipitation fluxes reaching Central Europe and Eurasia, regulating the formation of winter cyclones, which are largely responsible for regional precipitation inputs and influence Mediterranean sea surface temperatures.

This presentation was made by: - Ieșan Larisa - Bogdan Alexandra

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MY FAVOURITE PLACE IN MY COUNTRY ROMANIA

THE DANUBE DELTA

Geography…..

Delta is limited to the south -west of Dobrogea Plateau , North of the Basarabia and in the East flows into the Black Sea. Delta is crossed by the parallel 45 ° N latitude and the meridian of 29 ° E. longitude north and Musura Chilia forms the border with Ukraine

Sulina is situated in the heart of the Delta and has a straight course , being constantly dredged and maintained navigation maritime vessels . It has a length of 71 km and carries 18 % of the water of the Danube. Sf Gheorghe course is oriented towards the south- east, and runs 112 km , carrying 22 % of the Danube's flow . It forms islands at the mouth Sacalin considered a secondary delta.

Delta (excluding secondary delta arm Chile) makes traditional part of Dobrogea , but in antiquity and the Middle Ages coast is more sunset ( between Chile and Murighiol Old Strabo 's time , between Periprava and Lake Dranov the Byzantine era ) so Dobrogea containing historical maps representing all current Delta are false geomorphology .

Climate…..

Delta falls in temperate semiarid area specific Pontic steppes. Flat water and very large spaces covered in varying degrees with vegetation punctuated by fields of marine sandy islands, forming an active area of the Delta and adjacent lagoons, quite different from the Pontic steppe.

Delta is considered the place with the least precipitation in Romania.

Flora….

Delta vegetation is represented mostly by specific vegetation wetlands (reed, rush, sedge, willow blend) and occupies 78% of the total. Meadows covers 6% of the delta, the willow, ash, alder, poplar, growing on river levees being periodically flooded, and water mesh covered by aquatic vegetation and floating, occupying 2% of the delta. There are also forests and fields Letea Caraorman and consist of gray oak, pedunculate oak, ash, aspen, elm, creepers.

Geology…..Danube Delta is located in geological terms, in a region called the crust mobile

platform Danube Delta. Delta platform comes into contact in the south-west by North Dobrogea Orogene by Oancea fault-St. George, which is roughly parallel to the arm St. George.

Its geological structure is composed of a crystalline foundation over which has a transgressive sedimentary sequence represented by deposits Paleozoic, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Neogene and Quaternary, Dermine by sea and shallow drilling conducted in the area. Deposits of Paleozoic age, belonging floors Silurian-Permian (438-230 million years ago), consisting of limestone, dolomite, silt, lithic sandstones with intercalations of tuffs vitroclastice.

Geomorphology…………

Delta is characterized by positive landforms called levees and negative landforms represented by depressions filled with water (lakes). Currently, the delta is in the form of a flat surface with a slope of 0.006 ‰, crossed by a web of water: river arms, canals and streams, dotted by lakes and backwaters. Differences in elevation above sea level, are 8-10 m in the levees and -2 to 4 m in the lake depressions.

The Danube Delta territory is divided into two geographical sub-regions namely: Delta itself occupying an area of 4,250 km2, located between the arms of the river, and Razim area, with an area of 990 km2. From the physico-geographical divides Delta arms across the river into two subregions natural: sea river delta and delta.

Fauna…….

Delta contains more than 360 species of birds and 45 species of freshwater fish in its numerous lakes and backwaters. This is where millions of birds from different corners of the Earth (Europe, Asia, Africa, Mediterranean) come to nest. Major species of fish in the Danube Delta have made their home in this dream place.

Population…….The population of the Delta was always welcoming semi-aquatic environment not

allowing significant density (average density is 5 inhabitants per square km).

In summer the population triples influx of tourists, which in the 2002 census remains at 14,583 inhabitants, of which 12,666 Romanian (87%), 1438 lipoveni (10%), 299 Ukrainians various others (1%). Delta has always been a refuge for medium original Greek (Pontic Greeks were still 2059 1910 outnumber Lippovans), Romanian later (dicienii, name that comes perhaps from Vicina), then lipoveni.

These populations were mixed, as illustrated vocabulary and language spoken in the delta, particularly fishery terms.

The Statue Decebal on the Danube…..

The Decebal statue lies between Eselnita and Dubova, about 20 kilometers from the city Orşova. The location is great as it is located in a spectacular natural landscape, where the Carpathians meet the Danube. Carved into the rocky bank of the Danube, the statue is the tallest stone sculpture in Europe and represents the face of Decebal, the last king of the Dacians.

This presentation was made byBardan ClaudiuLibiți Adrian

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MY FAVOURITE PLACE IN MY COUNTRY ROMANIA

- FELIX BATHS -

BăILE FELIX resort

Felix is the largest resort of national importance in Romania. Old documents attesting the use of these baths in the treatment of various diseases since year 1000, while it is assumed that they have been discovered hot springs.

The lake with thermal water lilies and lotuses, the snail “Melanopsis parreyssi”, the ice age survivor, the "Rudd's Racoviţă” fish, unique in the world of exotic fishes that can not survive in our country, are found in here only.

Also, the church moth with a unique mechanism that moves by the rotation of the moon around the earth, unique in Europe, is one of the most important tourist attractions in the area.

Between 1711-1721, the first organized settlements for treatment appear under the name "Felix Baths"

The hot springs were discovered around year 1000, according to others, around 1200, and according to other experts, only in 1700.

‘Băile Felix’ resort and ‘1 Mai’ are two thermal spa resorts located in a hilly area with birch and oak tree woods, 8 km south of the municipality of Oradea (seat of Bihor County) and 22 km south-east of Borş (border checkpoint to Hungary).

In the thermal waters of the Peţa river and lake, having a constant temperature of 30-31°C, live the snail Melanopsis parreyssi (tertiary relict) and the fish Scardinus racovitzae as well as a rare species of subtropical water lily - Nymphaea lotus thermalis - tertiary relict, a natural monument.

ToURISMFelix is the largest resort in

continuous operation in Romania. It is only 8 km from Oradea. Water temperature is between 20-49 degrees Celsius. Due to the high content of minerals, physicians or internists recommended treatments with the waters.

Felix offers 7000 places to sleep and swimming pools indoor and outdoor air. Due to these thermal waters and a large number of tourists who come every year in Băile Felix resort, developed and private accommodation system.

Building a large number of hostels is evidence that the resort is very well know by tourists, both in Romania and abroad

SPA The resorts hosts many mineral springs with thermal (20-48°C), sulphuric, calcic, sodic, rich in bicarbonate waters known since the beginning of the millennium. The soothing effect of the waters on articular and muscular pain and on various rheumatic neuralgias accounts for the fame of cures in the resort for the treatment of inflammatory rheumatic diseases (rheumatic polyarthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, conditions after acute articular rheumatism), degenerative and articular rheumatic diseases, central and peripheral neurological disorders, gynecological diseases, post-traumatic conditions, endocrine disorders.

The facilities of the two resorts offer treatment of rheumatism and neurological and gynecological diseases. The modern medical base has at its disposal various facilities for procedures involving electrotherapy, hydrotherapy, aerosols, massage, paraffin packing and other water treatments

This presentation was made by:

CRISTEA ROXANA

ONEA ADELINA

The Merry Cemetery is a cemetery from the village of Sapânța, in Maramureș country, famous for the brightly coloured crosses of the graves, the naïve paintings, representing scenes from the life and occupation of the people that were buried there.

On some of the crosses, there are even lyrics in which those people are remembered by, often with humour.

The novelty of this cemetery is the difference between it and most of the people’s cultures, which consider death as being a very sober event.

In 1935, at the suggestion of the Greek-catholic priest Grigore Ritiu, who was also a Romanian and Latin teacher, Stan Ioan Patras realized the vertical side of the crosses wider, with space for epitaph. The first epitaph is from 1935 and from 1960 until now, the whole cemetery was populated with about 800 crosses like these ones carved from oak, becoming a museum in open air one of a kind and a major touristic attraction.

Some crosses are painted on both sides. One of the sides illustrates the life of the buried and the other the reason of dying.

The legend says that joy in front of death is a habit of the Dacian people, who believed in everlasting life and for whom death was just a passing way through another world.

They didn’t see death as a tragic end, but as a chance to meet the supreme god, Zamolxe.

Neither cross is finished without a short poem, a few simple rhymes, between 7 and 17.

The epitaphs are honest, spontaneous and they are written in the 3rd person, as messages addressed by the dead person to the living.

The style is lyric and the satire is often. Each poem contains the name of the dead, as well as an essential part of that person’s life.

With their pictures and poems, Stan Ioan Patras and Dumitru Pop Tincu succeded in recreating an entire village and they gave people a second life after death.

These 800 painted crosses are a vast archive, which preserves the history of the inhabitants from Sapânța.

Under this hard rock

Lies my poor mother-in-low

If she had lived for

Three more days

I’d be lying and she would read this.

You that walk on by

Try not to wake her

Cause if she returns home

She will scold me again

But I will behave so

As she won’t come back

Stay here, dear mother-in-law!

Sub această cruce grea

Zace biata soacra-mea

Trei zile de mai trăia

Zăceam eu si cetea ea

Voi care treceti pă aici

Incercaţi să n-o treziţi

Că acasă dăcă vine

Iarăi cu gura pă mine

Da aşa eu m-oi purta

Că-napoi n-a înturna

Stai aicea dragă soacră-mea

POEM WRITTEN ON A CROSS FROM SĂPÂNȚA MERRY CEMETERY

GO TOGETHER ON A SUSTAINABLE LANDThis presentation was made by:Chiorean Teodora

Hărău Alexandru

Location :

Geographical Data :

The Voroneţ Monastery, also known as ‘The Sistine Chapel of the East’ is a medieval scholastic complex built in Voroneţ village. It represents one of the most valuable foundations of Stephen the Great (1457-1504).

The church was built in 1488, and it set a record for those times and not only: it was built in 3 months and 3 weeks!

Arhitecture : It is not massive, but it is impressive; it is one of the fewest

monuments of religious architecture which has kept its initial form:

the derrick is of Moldavian model

the western porch wall has no windowsthe painting of the exterior walls covers the entire wall, from

top to bottom, which offers the whole establishment a holz shine

Exterior Painting:The exterior painting of the Voroneț monastery

dates back in the years of reign of Petru RareșThe high artistic level of the painting is

considered the most successful creation of the Moldavian feudal art

The fresces depict different scenes, in bright coloured nuances, mostly green and blue, which resemble the surrounding nature: the sky and the forrest.

The Western facade, bearing the impressive scene of the Last Judgement (Doom’s Day), is one of the most famous scenes and it is done in 4 registers:

in the upper side there is God, the second registre contains the Deisis scene, with the

apostols sitting on the chairs and at the bottom of Jesus’ feelt there is a river of fire in which sinners suffer

the third registre is the Holly Spirit’s scene, symbolised as a dove.

Also, the Holly Gospel and the Priests face two groups of people: to the North, the Christians, led by Saint Pavel and to the South the sinners who are scolded by Moses.

Voroneţ Monastery is a symbol of the Bucovinan Christianity and it is a

touristic attraction due to its unique history, style and purpose.

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This presentation was made by:

Farcaș Alexandra

Szemczina Cătălin