TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT

References:

Stair R. & Reynolds G. (2010). Information Systems. 9th Edition. Course Technology.

MGT OF ISD (IMS452)

OVERVIEW

All technologies that process, store and deliver data and information must be managed as integrated systems of organizational resources …(IRM philosophy)

Managing technologies is a primary responsibility of the CIO on all IT services

Technology management covered: – Network management – Advanced technology management

MAIN ACTIVITIES IN MANAGING TECHNOLOGY

Understanding of trends in technology of hardware and software

Evaluating the merging technologies Recommending the high potential payoffs

technology Continuous support until the technology is

replaced by new emerging technology The technology personnel must be employed

and trained

NETWORK MANAGEMENT

Managing the company’s networking access – Internet, intranets, extranet, WAN and LAN

Require – major commitment of hardware and software

resources– the creation of managerial and staff positions to

manage their use

Responsible for overseeing the quality of the network and telecommunication services in the organization

ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY MGT

Managing advanced technology is to identify, introduce and monitor the adaption of new information system technologies into the organization especially those with a high payoff potential

It is important to the organization as it gives a major impact on the operations, costs, management work environment and competitive position

Cont.. ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY MGT

A group of senior SA and IST specialist who report to CIO, called as– Technology management– Emerging technologies, or– Advanced technology group Will, monitor the emerging technological andidentify innovative developments to the organization

They work with end-user managers and information service management to introduce new technologies to the organization

They also audit the organization’s current applications of technology for improvement

TRENDS IN COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Major changes and trends in computer systems have occurred and will continue – Early 1950’s - 1st generation computing– Late 1960’s - 2nd generation computing– 1970’s - 3rd generation

computing– 1980’s and 1990’s - 4th generation computing– 21st century - 5th generation computing

Computer become smaller, faster more reliable, cheaper to purchase and maintain and more interconnected within computer networks

TYPES OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Micro computer systems– Handheld to fit on a desktop for personal

productivity

Midrange computer system– Midsize general purpose business

Mainframe computer system– Large general purpose business and government

Supercomputers – Very huge for scientific research

Other types of microcomputers

Network computers (thin client Portable computers

– Notebook computers– Tablet PCs– Handheld computers

PDA Pocket PC Cell phone

INPUT TECHNOLOGY TRENDS

The input trend is moving toward direct input devices that are more natural and easy to use

– 1st generation - punched cards and paper tape– 2nd generation - punched cards– 3rd generation - key to tape and /or disk– 4th generation - keyboard data entry, pointing devices

and optical scanning– 5th generation - voice recognition, touch devices and

handwriting recognition

INPUT DEVICES OPTIONS

Terminals which connected to a complete computer system

Keyboard, touchpad, mouse Speech recognition technology Digital camera Scanning devices Optical data readers:

– optical mark recognition (OMR)– Optical character recognition (OCR)

Cont.. INPUT DEVICES OPTIONS

Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) devices

Magnetic stripe card Point of sale devices Automated teller machine (ATM) devices Pen input devices Touch sensitive screen Bar code scanners Radio frequency identification

OUTPUTS TECHNOLOGY TRENDS

The trends toward direct output methods that communicate naturally, quickly, and clearly– 1st generation – punched cards, printed reports and

documents– 2nd generation – punched cards, printed reports and

documents– 3rd generation – printed reports & documents, and

video displays– 4th generation – video displays, audio responses,

printed reports and documents– 5th generation – video displays, voice responses,

hyperlinked multimedia documents

OUTPUTS DEVICES OPTIONS

Display monitors or CRT Plasma displays Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) Organic Light-emitting Diodes (OLED) Printers and Plotters Digital audio player – eg MP3

STORAGE TRENDS

Data and information must be stored until needed using variety of storage methods categorized as primary and secondary storage

STORAGE DEVICES OPTIONS

Hard disk Magnetic tape Magnetic disks Redundant array of independent/inexpensive

disks (RAID) Virtual tape Optical discs eg. Compact disc read-only

memory (CD-ROM) Digital video disc Holographic disc

ENTERPRISE STORAGE OPTIONS

Attached storage– storage devices are connected directly to a single

computer

Network attached storage (NAS)– Storage devices that attach to a network instead

of to a single computer

Storage area network (SAN)– The technology that provides high-speed

connections between data-storage devices and computers over a network

SYSTEM MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS

Is a program that manage the hardware, software, network and data resources of the computer system during its execution of the various information processing jobs of usersOperating Systems (DOS/Windows 95/NT/2000/XP/Profesional/Vista/2007)Network Management Programs (Novell Netware/ Windows NT/ IBM OS2)Database Management System (Microsoft Access/MySQL/Oracle)Other system management program includes performance monitors and security monitors (Windows NT Server

POPULAR OPERATING SYSTEM

Personal Workgroup Enterprise

Microsoft Windows Vista, XP, Mobile, Automotive, Embedded

Microsoft Windows Server 2003 and server 2008

Microsoft Windows Server 2003 and server 2008

Mac OS X Mac OS X Server

UNIX UNIX UNIX

Solaris Solaris Solaris

Linux Linux Linux

Red Hat Linux Red Hat Linux Red Hat Linux

Palm OS Netware

IBM i5/OS and z/OS IBM i5/OS and z/OS

HP-UX 11i HP-UX 11i

SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS

The trends is toward multipurpose, network enabled, expert-assisted packages with natural language and graphical user interfaces

– 1st generation - user written programs and machine languages

– 2nd generation – packaged programs and symbolic languages

– 3rd generation – operating systems and high level languages

– 4th generation – database management system, 4th languages and microcomputer packages

– 5th generation – natural & object oriented languages, and multipurpose graphic-interface, network enabled and expert assisted packages

TYPES OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE

There are two types of computer software:– Application software

• Is divided into application specific and general purpose application program

– System software• Consists of programs that manage

and support a computer system and its information processing activities

BUSINESS TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Telecommunications is the exchange of information in voice, data, text and images forms over computer based networks

The business applications of telecommunications can be divided into three major categories:– Enterprise collaboration systems– Electronic commerce system– Internal business system

MAJOR TRENDS IN BUSINESS TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Industry trends– Towards a greater number of competitive vendors,

carriers, alliances, and network services

Technology trends– Towards the use of internet and other open and

interconnected local and global information superhighway system

Application trends– Towards the intensive use of the internet, enterprise

intranets and inter organizational extranets to support electronic commerce, enterprise collaboration, online business operation.