Modeling and Simulation Lab Manual ME PED

EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual

Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.

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MUTHAYAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE, RASIPURAM Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

I Semester – ME (PED)

Modeling and Simulation Laboratory

Manual Prepared by Approved by Prof.M.Muruganandam, M.E.(Ph.D), Dr P.Murugesan,B.E.,Ph.D., AP / EEE Proff. & HOD/EEE Revision No.:0 Date:15.09.2008



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INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATE

SAFETY: You are doing experiments in Power Electronics lab with high voltage and

high current electric power. It may cause even a fatal or loss of energy of your body system. To avoid this please keep in mind the followings

In case of any wrong observations, you have to SWITCH OFF the power supply related with it.

You have to tuck in your shirts or wear an overcoat. You have to wear shoes compulsorily and stand on mats made by

insulating materials to electrically isolate your body from the earth. ATTENDANCE:

If you absent for a lab class then you have lost several things to learn. Laboratory should be treated as temple, which will decide your life. So don’t fail to make your presence with your record notebook having completed experiments, observation with completed experiments, day’s experiment particulars with required knowledge about it and stationeries. RECORD:

Shows the performance of equipment and yourself. It will be very useful for future reference. So keep it as follows.

Write neatly; as they have to be preserved enter the readings in the record notebook those have been written in your observation.

Units should be written for all quantities. Draw necessary graphs and complete the record before coming to the

next lab class. Don’t forget to write the theory with precaution and inference of each

experiment.

MAY I HELP YOU

1. Device ratings should be noted. 2. Moving coil meters should be used for DC measurements. 3. Moving iron meters should be used for AC measurements. 4. Use isolated supply for the CRO. 5. Use attenuation probe for high voltage measurements in CRO.



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CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the experiment Page No.

1. VI CHARACTERISTICS OF SCR 2

2. VI CHARACTERISTICS OF TRIAC 8

3. VI CHARACTERISTICS OF MOSFET

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4. VI CHARACTERISTICS OF IGBT

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5. TRANSIENT CHARACTERISTICS OF MOSFET AND SCR

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6. SINGLE PHASE AC TO DC FULLY CONTROLLED CONVERTER

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7. SINGLE PHASE AC TO DC HALF CONTROLLED CONVERTER

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8. STEP DOWN MOSFET BASED CHOPPER

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9. STEP UP MOSFET BASED CHOPPER

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10. IGBT BASED SINGLE PHASE PWM INVERTER 50

11. SERIES RESONANT DC-DC CONVERTER (ZERO CURRENT SWITCHING)

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12. PARALLEL RESONANT DC-DC CONVERTER (ZERO VOLTAGE SWITCHING)

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TRANSIENT CHARACTERISTICS OF MOSFET AND SCR

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: FOR MOSFET

MATLAB CIRCUIT FOR MOSFET



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TRANSIENT CHARACTERISTICS OF MOSFET AND SCR

AIM: (i) Obtain and explain both turning ‘ON’ and turn ‘OFF’ characteristics of

given SCR (ii) Obtain and explain both turning ‘ON’ and turn ‘OFF’ characteristics of

given MOSFET.

APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No. Blocks Type Items Quantity

1 Simulink i. Sink Scope 1

ii. Source Pulse Generator 1 2 Sim power system

i. Measurements MC Ammeter 1 MC Voltmeter 1

ii. Elements - RLC series branch 1 iii. Power electronics - MOSFET 1

- SCR 1 iV. Electrical source - DC source 1

PROCEDURE: FOR MOSFET

1. Open MATLAB and open Simulink then create a new file (new module) 2. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram by taking the required items

from the corresponding blocks. 3. According to the MOSFET, we should give the block parameter for MOSFET,

RLC series branch, pulse generator and the scope. 4. Now simulate the circuit. The graph of Gate pulse, Drain current and drain to

source voltage can be shown. 5. Finally the print out of the MATLAB circuit and the output is taken.



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FOR SCR

MATLAB CIRCUIT FOR SCR



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FOR SCR

1. Open MATLAB and open Simulink then create a new file (new module) 2. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram by taking the required items

from the corresponding blocks. 3. According to the SCR, we should give the block parameter for SCR, RLC series

branch, pulse generator and the scope. 4. Now simulate the circuit. The graph of Gate pulse, Anode current and anode to

cathode voltage can be shown. 5. Finally the print out of the MATLAB circuit and the output is taken.



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MODEL GRAPH: FOR MOSFET

FOR SCR



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INFERENCE: DISCUSSION QUESTIONS: 1. What is MATLAB? 2. What is a transient characteristic? 3. What is commutation? 4. Where the natural commutation is not possible in SCR? 5. What is the function of scope in MATLAB? RESULT:



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SINGLE PHASE AC TO DC FULLY CONTROLLED CONVERTER

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR R LOAD

Model graph for R Load (αααα = 30°°°°, R=100ΩΩΩΩ)



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SINGLE PHASE AC TO DC FULLY CONTROLLED CONVERTER

AIM: (i) To study the operation of single phase fully controlled bridge converter with R

and R-L loads for continuous and discontinuous conduction modes. (ii) Also find the performance parameters (Rectification efficiency, form factor,

peak inverse voltage and ripple factor)

APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No. Name of the item Type Range Quantity

1 1 ϕ SCR bridge module TYN612 600V,12A 1 2 SCR Triggering Kit - - 1 3 Ammeter MC (0-500) mA 1 4 Voltmeter MC (0-30) V 1 5 CRO - - 1 6 CRO Brobe - - 1 7 Patch Cards - - 10

FORMULA USED:

For R load 1. Average dc output voltage Vdc is )cos1( απ += m

dcVV

2. RMS output voltage is Vrms 21

22sin

21

+−= ααππmrms VV

For R-L load continuous conduction: 1. Average dc output voltage Vdc is απ cos2 m

dcVV =

2. RMS output voltage Vrms is sm

rms VVV == 2

For RL load discontinuous conduction: 3. Average dc output voltage Vdc is )cos(cos βαπ −= m

dcVV

4. RMS output voltage Vrms is 21

2

22sin

22sin

2

+−−= αβαβπm

rmsVV



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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR R-L LOAD

Model graph for R-L Load with continuous conduction

(αααα = 30°°°°, R=100ΩΩΩΩ, L=200mH)

Model graph for R-L Load with discontinuous conduction

(αααα = 90°°°°, R=100ΩΩΩΩ, L=200mH)



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General Formula: 5. Rectification efficiency 2

2%

rms

dcVV

=η

6. Form factor dc

rmsVVFF =

7. Peak inverse voltage mVPIV = 8. Ripple factor 12 −= FFRF

Where mV = maximum or peak voltage in volts = sV2 sV = Supply voltage in volts

α = Firing angle β = Extinction angle γ = Conduction angle = β -α

Procedure:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram for R load 2. Switch on the triggering kit 3. Switch on the 230 V AC supply 4. Switch on the debounce logic 5. By varying potentiometer vary the firing angle of the converter in order to vary the

output voltage step by step. 6. For each step note down the firing angle, output voltage and load current. 7. The output voltage is theoretically calculated for each step and the readings are

tabulated. 8. Repeat the same procedure for RL load.



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Tabulation for R load:

Vs= R=

S.No. Firing Angle αααα in degree

Idc Measured in milliamps

Vdc Measured in volts

Vdc Calculated in volts

Vrms Calculated in volts

Tabulation for RL load:

Vs= R= L= ββββ=

S.No. Firing Angle αααα in degree

Idc Measured in milliamps




Continuous conduction

Discontinuous conduction



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INFERENCE: DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:

1. What is inversion mode of operation? 2. When we connect a freewheeling diode in full converter, what will be the output? 3. Why the inversion mode is not possible in semi converter? 4. Why the power factor of full converter is lower than semi converter? 5. What isα,β,γ and µ?

RESULT:



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SINGLE PHASE AC TO DC HALF CONTROLLED CONVERTER

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR R LOAD

Model graph for R Load (αααα = 30°°°°, R=100ΩΩΩΩ)



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SINGLE PHASE AC TO DC HALF CONTROLLED CONVERTER

AIM:

(i) To study the operation of single phase semi converter with R and R-L loads for continuous and discontinuous conduction modes.

(ii) Also find the performance parameters (Rectification efficiency, form factor, peak inverse voltage and ripple factor)


1 SCR module with protection TYN612 600V,12A 2 2 Diode module with protection BY126 - 3 3 SCR Triggering Kit - - 1 4 Battery - 12V 1 5 Ammeter MC (0-500) mA 1 6 Voltmeter MC (0-30) V 1 7 CRO - - 1 8 CRO Brobe - - 1 9 Patch Cards - - 10

FORMULA USED:

For R and RL load continuous & discontinuous conduction: 1. Average dc output voltage Vdc is )cos1( απ += m

dcVV

2. RMS output voltage is Vrms 21

22sin

21

+−= ααππmrms VV

General Formula: 3. Rectification efficiency 2

2%

rms

dcVV

=η

4. Form factor dc

rmsVVFF =

5. Peak inverse voltage mVPIV = 6. Ripple factor 12 −= FFRF

Where mV = maximum or peak voltage in volts = sV2 sV = Supply voltage in volts

α = Firing angle β = Extinction angle



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γ = Conduction angle = β -α CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR R-L LOAD

Model graph for R-L Load with continuous conduction

(αααα = 30°°°°, R=100ΩΩΩΩ, L=100mH)

Model graph for R-L Load with discontinuous conduction

(αααα = 90°°°°, R=100ΩΩΩΩ, L=100mH)



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Procedure:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram for RL load 2. Switch on the triggering kit 3. Switch on the 230V AC supply 4. Switch on the debounce logic 5. By varying potentiometer vary the firing angle of the converter in order to vary the

output voltage step by step. 6. For each step note down the firing angle, output voltage and load current. 7. The output voltage is theoretically calculated for each step and the readings are

tabulated. 8. Repeat the same procedure for RL load.



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Tabulation for R load:

Vs= R= S.No. Firing Angle

αααα in degree Idc Measured in milliamps




Tabulation for RL load: S.No. Firing Angle

αααα in degree Idc Measured in milliamps




Continuous conduction

Discontinuous conduction



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INFERENCE: DISCUSSION QUESTIONS: 1. What is power electronics? 2. What are the types of converter in power electronics? 3. What is firing angle? 4. What is active load? 5. Why the negative voltage is not possible in semi converter? 6. What is freewheeling diode? 7. Is a separate freewheeling diode necessary for semi converter? Justify your answer. RESULT:



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STEP DOWN MOSFET BASED CHOPPER

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

MODEL GRAPH



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STEP DOWN MOSFET BASED CHOPPER

AIM: To study the waveform for MOSFET based step down chopper for different load

for continuous and discontinuous conduction modes. APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No. Name of the item Type Range Quantity

1 MOSFET Module IRF 840 - 1 2 Ammeter MC (0-500mA) 1 3 Voltmeter MC (0-30V) 1 4 Rheostat - - 1 5 RPS - (0-30V) 1 6 CRO - - 1 7 CRO Probe - - 1 8 Patch cards - - -

FORMULA USED:

1. Average dc output voltage Vdc is sdc VV δ= 2. RMS output voltage Vrms is srms VV δ= Where: δ = Duty cycle of the chopper T

TON=δ TON = on time T = Total time

Procedure:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Switch on the RPS and turn on triggering kit 3. Switch on the debounce logic 4. By changing the width of the pulse, obtain the different set of reading. 5. For each step note down the duty cycle, output voltage and load current and

tabulate it. 6. The output voltage is theoretically calculated. 7. Draw the graph as per the reading in the table.



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TABULATION: Vs= T=

S.No. TON

in ms δδδδ = TTON Idc (Avg)

Measured in mA

Vdc (Avg) Measured

in volts

Vdc (Avg) Calculated

in volts sdc VV δ=

1 2 3 4 5



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1. What is chopper and what are the devices generally used for chopper? 2. What are the types of chopper? 3. What is step down chopper? 4. What are the control strategies used for choppers? 5. Why frequency modulation is not preferred mostly? 6. Why thyristor is not preferred in chopper circuit mostly?

RESULT:



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STEP UP MOSFET BASED CHOPPER

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Model graph for step up operation



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STEP UP MOSFET BASED CHOPPER

AIM:

To study the waveform for MOSFET based step up chopper for different load for continuous and discontinuous conduction modes. APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No. Name of the item Type Range Quantity

1 MOSFET Module IRF 840 - 1 2 Ammeter MC (0-500mA) 1 3 Voltmeter MC (0-30V) 1 4 Rheostat - - 1 5 RPS - (0-30V) 1 6 Diode Py 127 - 1 7 Inductor Ferrite core 100mH 1 8 CRO - - 1 9 CRO Probe - - 1

10 Patch cards - - - FORMULA USED:

Average dc output voltage Vdc is ( )δ−= 1

sdc

VV Where: δ = Duty cycle of the chopper T

TON=δ TON = on time T = Total time

PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram 2. Switch on the RPS and turn on triggering kit 3. Switch on the debounce logic 4. By changing the width of the pulse, obtain the different set of reading. 5. For each step note down the duty cycle, output voltage and load current and

tabulate it. 6. The output voltage is theoretically calculated for each step. 7. Draw the graph as per the reading in the table.



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TABULATION:

Vs= T=

S.No. TON

in ms δδδδ = TTON Idc (Avg)

Measured in mA

Vdc (Avg) Measured

in volts

Vdc (Avg) Calculated

in volts

( )δ−= 1s

dcVV

1 2 3 4 5



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1. What is chopper and what are the devices generally used for chopper? 2. What are the types of chopper? 3. What is step up chopper? 4. What are the control strategies used for choppers? 5. Why frequency modulation is not preferred mostly? 6. Why thyristor is not preferred in chopper circuit mostly?

RESULT:



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IGBT BASED SINGLE PHASE PWM INVERTER

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM



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IGBT BASED SINGLE PHASE PWM INVERTER

AIM:

To study the operation of single-phase bridge inverter with sinusoidal pulse width modulation with R load. APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No. Name of the item Type Range Quantity

1 IGBT Module - - 1 2 Inverter control module - - 1 3 CRO - - 1 4 Ammeter MI (0-5A) 1 5 Voltmeter MI (0-300V) 1 6 Patch cards - - -

FORMULA USED:

1. Modulation index (m) is m = Ar / Ac 2. Output voltage V0 = m Vs

Where

Ar = Amplitude of reference signal Ac = Amplitude of carrier signal Vs = Source voltage



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Model graph

Sinusoidal Pulse width modulation

Voltage and current waveforms



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Precaution:

1. Check whether AC main switch is off condition in both the trainer. 2. Check whether control module mode selector switch is in first position (Sine

wave). 3. Check whether control module pulse release switch SW4 in control module is off

position. 4. Check whether 24V AC switch is in off position.

Procedure: 1. Make the connection as per the circuit diagram. 2. Switch on the AC main in both the trainer. 3. Measure the amplitude and frequency of sine wave and carrier triangular wave

and tabulate it. Also adjust sine wave frequency to 50Hz. 4. Connect CRO probe to observe the load voltage and load current waveform. 5. Release the switch SW4 in the inverter control module and switch SW1 in the

IGBT power module. 6. Measure the output voltage. 7. Using the amplitude POT to vary step by step, for each step note down the

amplitude and frequency of sine wave and triangular waveform and also measure the output voltage and tabulate it.

8. Then find the theoretical output voltage by using the formula.



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Tabulation:

Vs=

S.No. Amplitude of carrier triangular

wave (Ac) in volts

Amplitude of

reference sine wave

(Ar) in volts

Modulation index

m= Ar/Ac

I0 Measured in Amps

V0 Measured in Volts

V0 Calculated

in Volts V0 = m X Vs

1 2 3 4 5 6



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1. What is inverter? 2. Why we go for PWM? 3. What are the different types of PWM? 4. What is modulation index and what are the types? 5. What are the advantages of IGBT?

RESULT:



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SERIES RESONANT DC-DC CONVERTER

(ZERO CURRENT SWITCHING)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

MODEL GRAPH:



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SERIES RESONANT DC-DC CONVERTER

(ZERO CURRENT SWITCHING) AIM:

To determine the voltage and current wave form of series resonant dc-dc converter (Zero current switching).


1 Resonant converter module VPET-315 - 1 2 Ammeter MC (0-2) A 1 3 Voltmeter MC (0-30) V 1 4 CRO - - 1 5 CRO Brobe - - 1 6 Patch Cards - - 10

FORMULA USED: Frequency Tf 1= Hz Where: T= Time f = Frequency PRECAUTIONS:

Initially keep the frequency adjustment POT in minimum position PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Initially keep frequency adjustment POT in minimum position. 3. Switch on the main supply 4. Connect the “P” Pin connector from PWM output and PWM input\ 5. Connect the banana connector P10 to P4 , P8 to P11 6. Connect the current sensing resistor (1Ω / 20 W) across the banana connector P2

to P3. 7. The voltmeter is connected across P5 and P12



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TABULATION:

S.No. Time (ms) Switching Frequency

(KHz) Output

Voltage (V) Output

Current (A) 1 2 3 4 5



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8. Connected the R load across P5 and P12 through ammeter. 9. Adjust the frequency POT and set switching frequency 40KHz. 10. Connect the CRO across the connector T1 (+) and ground. Another channel is

connected to P2 (+), P3 (-) 11. Now observe the switch voltage and current wave. 12. Similarly observe the switch voltage and current waveform for various switching

frequency. INFERENCE: DISCUSSION QUESTIONS: 1. What is resonance? 2. What is the condition for resonance? 3. What are the advantages of resonant converter? 4. What is soft switching? 5. What types of resonant converter? 6. What is zero current switching? 7. What is zero voltage switching? RESULT:



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PARALLEL RESONANT DC-DC CONVERTER

(ZERO VOLTAGE SWITCHING) CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

MODEL GRAPH:



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PARALLEL RESONANT DC-DC CONVERTER

(ZERO VOLTAGE SWITCHING)

AIM:

To determine the voltage and current wave form of parallel resonant dc-dc converter (Zero voltage switching).


1 Resonant converter module VPET-315 - 1 2 Ammeter MC (0-2) A 1 3 Voltmeter MC (0-30) V 1 4 CRO - - 1 5 CRO Brobe - - 1 6 Patch Cards - - 10

FORMULA USED: Frequency Tf 1= Hz Where: T= Time f = Frequency PRECAUTIONS:

Initially keep the frequency adjustment POT in minimum position PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Initially keep frequency adjustment POT in minimum position. 3. Switch on the main supply 4. Connect the “9” Pin connector from PWM output and PWM input\ 5. Connect the banana connector P10 to P4, P8 to P11 6. Connect the current sensing resistor (1Ω / 20 W) across the banana connector P2

to P3. 7. The voltmeter is connected across P5 and P12



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TABULATION:

S.No. Time (ms) Switching Frequency

(KHz) Output

Voltage (V) Output

Current (A) 1 2 3 4 5



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8. Connected the R load across P5 and P12 through ammeter. 9. Adjust the frequency POT and set switching frequency 40KHz. 10. Connect the CRO across the connector T1 (+) and ground. Another channel is

connected to P2 (+), P3 (-) 11. Now observe the switch voltage and current wave. 12. Similarly observe the switch voltage and current waveform for various switching

frequency. INFERENCE: DISCUSSION QUESTIONS: 1. What is resonance? 2. What is the condition for resonance? 3. What are the advantages of resonant converter? 4. What is soft switching? 5. What types of resonant converter? 6. What is zero current switching? 7. What is zero voltage switching? RESULT:

Education

Modeling and Simulation Lab Manual ME PED