Physical ScienceModule 5

The Hydrosphere

Hydrosphere

What is the Hydrosphere?

The sum of all the water on the planet

Life cannot exist on any other planet but can on earth because of what?

Water

Water

Water is only liquid in what range? Above 32 degrees Fahrenheit and below 212

Fahrenheit What two factors control the temperature of

our planet? The sun and the atmosphere

Facts to Memorize

The vast majority of the earth’s water supply is contained in the oceans as saltwater

The vast majority of earth’s freshwater supply is stored in icebergs and glaciers

The largest source of liquid freshwater is groundwater

The Hydrologic Cycle

What is the Hydrologic Cycle? The process by which water is continuously

exchanged between earth’s various water sources

Hydrologic Cycle

Water gets into the atmosphere predominately by Evaporation and Transpiration

Transpiration = Evaporation of water from plants – water evaporating off its leaves

Evaporation takes water out of the oceans, lakes, rivers, and streams, while transpiration takes water from the soil

Evaporation

Evaporation: the change of state in a substance from a liquid to a gas.

For evaporation to take place, energy is required.

The energy can come from any source: the sun, the atmosphere, the earth, or objects on the earth such as humans.

Transpiration

Transpiration is the evaporation of water from plants through stomata.

Stomata are small openings found on the underside of leaves that are connected to vascular plant tissues.

In most plants, transpiration is a passive process largely controlled by the humidity of the atmosphere and the moisture content of the soil. 

Transpiration depletes soil moisture

Transpiration

Soil Moisture

Soil moisture can also be depleted when it soaks down into the groundwater sources and feeds into lakes, rivers, and streams by the process known as what?

Groundwater Flow

Clouds form by what process? Condensation The process by which a gas turns into a liquid

Condensation

Other Condensation

Precipitation

What is precipitation? Water falling from the atmosphere as rain,

snow, sleet, or hail What is surface runoff? When precipitation falls on land and

replenishes soil moisture OR it can run along the surface of the land into an ocean, lake, river, or stream

Let’s Review

Precipitation can happen in what ways? What are the two ways water can return to

the sky? How are clouds formed? What is soil moisture? What is surface runoff?

Experiment 5.1

Get out your Lab Report and a pencil Need two volunteers