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Language Educator Symposium University of Pennsylvania MOOCS, MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS FAST FORWARD: LANGUAGE ONLINE Saturday, December 14, 2013

MOOCs, Myths and Misconseptions

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Talk Presented via videoconference to Fast Forward Language Educator Symposium- University of Pennsyvania. Dec 14, 2013

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Page 1: MOOCs, Myths and Misconseptions

Language  Educator  Symposium  University  of  Pennsylvania  

MOOCS,  MYTHS  AND  MISCONCEPTIONS  

FAST  FORWARD:        LANGUAGE  ONLINE    

Saturday,  December  14,  2013    

Page 2: MOOCs, Myths and Misconseptions

Values  •  We  can  (and  must)  conRnuously  improve  the  quality,  effecRveness,  appeal,  cost  and  Rme  efficiency  of  the  learning  experience.  

•  Student  control  and  freedom  is  integral  to  21st  century  life-­‐long  educaRon  and  learning.  

•  ConRnuing  educaRon  opportunity  is  a  basic  human  right.  

Page 3: MOOCs, Myths and Misconseptions

E-­‐Learning  is  not  the  same  

Page 4: MOOCs, Myths and Misconseptions

Learning  as  Dance    (Anderson,  2008)  

•  Technology  sets  the  beat  and  the  Rming.  

•   Pedagogy  defines  the  moves.    

“A  learning  technology,  by  definiRon,  is  an  orchestraRon  of  technologies,  necessarily  including  pedagogies,  whether  implicit  or  explicit.”  Jon  Dron  

Page 5: MOOCs, Myths and Misconseptions

Gardiner  Hype  Cycle  

Page 6: MOOCs, Myths and Misconseptions

What  is  a  MOOC?  

•  MOOC  is  a  course  •  Defined  Curriculum  or  content?  

•  “Big  Data”  mining  potenRal  

•  SubsRtute  of  student-­‐content  and  perhaps  student-­‐student  for  student-­‐teacher  interacRon    

•  May  be  asynchronous,  synchronous,  mixed  

•  Paced  or  self-­‐paced  •  May  be  open  content  or  not  –  as  in  using  open  resources  

•  Up-­‐sell  of  auxiliary  products  •  Emerging  credenRal  opRons  

»  Invigilated  exams,  badges,  private  cerRficaRon  

Page 7: MOOCs, Myths and Misconseptions

Different  Types  of  MOOCs  

By  Mathieu  Plourde  {(Mathplourde  on  Flickr)  [CC-­‐BY-­‐2.0  

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Different  Types  of  MOOCs  

•   “Our  cMOOC  model  emphasizes  creaRon,  creaRvity,  autonomy,  and  social  networked  learning.  The  Coursera  model  emphasizes  a  more  tradiRonal  learning  approach  through  video  presentaRons  and  short  quizzes  and  tesRng.    

•  Put  another  way,  cMOOCs  focus  on  knowledge  creaRon  and  generaRon  whereas  xMOOCs  focus  on  knowledge  duplicaRon.”  George  Siemens  

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Pedagogy  of  Moocs  and  Other  forms  of  higher  EducaRon  

•  xMOOCs  –  Cogni&ve  Behavioural  Pedagogy,  disseminaRon  of  knowledge,    

•  sMOOCs  –  Social  construc&vist  pedagogy,  small  groups,  cohorts,  model  of  most  online  educaRon  today  

•  xMOOCs  –  Connec&vist  pedagogy,  building  networks  and  persistent  arRfacts,  net-­‐naRve  

Anderson,  T.,  &  Dron,  J.  (2011).  Three  generaRons  of  distance  educaRon  pedagogy.  Interna'onal  Review  of  Research  on  Distance  and  Open  Learning,  12(3),  80-­‐97.    hEp://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/ar'cle/view/890/1826.  

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CoursEra-­‐  Northwestern-­‐  Case  Study  

•  Media  studies  “Understanding  Media  by  Understanding  Google”  

•  6  weeks,  video  lectures  •  Book  excerpts,  80  background  arRcles/blogs/youtube  •  12  machine  marked  quizzes  •  5  short  essays  –  peer  reviewed  •  25,000  discussion  posts  •  55,000  registered,  19,000  logged  in,  2400  handed  in  homework,  1,196  from  87  countries  “passed”  

•  90%  of  grads  had  a  4  year  degree  

Owen  Youngman  professor  of  digital  media  strategy  in  the  Medill  School  at  Northwestern  University.  MOOC  

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EducaRon  is  InteracRon  

Anderson,  T.,  &  Garrison,  D.  R.  (1998).  Learning  in  a  networked  world  

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InteracRon  Equivalency  Theorem  (Anderson,  2004)  

•  Thesis  1.  Deep  and  meaningful  formal  learning  is  supported  as  long  as  one  of  the  three  forms  of  interacRon  (student–teacher;  student–student;  student–content)  is  at  a  high  level.  The  other  two  may  be  offered  at  minimal  levels,  or  even  eliminated,  without  degrading  the  educaRonal  experience.  

•  Thesis  2.  High  levels  of  more  than  one  of  these  three  modes  will  likely  provide  a  more  saRsfying  educaRonal  experience,  although  these  experiences  may  not  be  as  cost-­‐  or  Rme  effecRve  as  less  interacRve  learning  sequences.  

hop://equivalencytheorem.info/  

Page 14: MOOCs, Myths and Misconseptions

xMOOC  Pedagogy  

•  DrasRcally  reduce  (by  subsRtuRon)  student  teacher  interacRon  by  student-­‐content  (videos)  and  student-­‐student  (discussion/peer  assessment)    

•  This  affords  scalability  and  cost  reducRon.  

Page 15: MOOCs, Myths and Misconseptions

•  “The  students  who  drop  out  early  do  not  add  substanRally  to  the  cost  of  delivering  the  course”.  The  most  expensive  students  are  the  ones  who  sRck  around  long  enough  to  take  the  final,  and  those  are  the  ones  most  likely  to  pay  for  a  cerRficate.  Daphne  Koller,  Founder  Coursera  

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MisconcepRons:  Drop  out  rates  are  higher  in  MOOCs  and  online  because  

the  instrucRon  is  poor  

•  Tinto’s  Model  of  academic  and  social  integraRon  

•  MOOC  users  are  busy  adults  

•  50%  of  MOOC  registrants  don’t  login  even  once  

•  How  much  work  would  your  student  do  without  credit??  

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Penn/CoursEra  results  

•  16  MOOCs  from  110,000  to  13,000  registrants  •  Course  compleRon  rates  are  very  low,  averaging  4%  across  all  courses  and  ranging  from  2%  to  14%  

•  compleRon  rates  are  somewhat  higher  for  courses  with  lower  workloads  for  students  (about  6%  versus  2.5%).  

•  VariaRons  in  compleRon  rates  based  on  other  course  characterisRcs  (e.g.,  course  length,  availability  of  live  chat)  were  not  staRsRcally  significant.  

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How  Massive  are  MOOCs?  (Katy  Jordon,  2013)  

(N  =  220;  Median  =  18941;  Minimum  =  95;  Maximum  =  226,652).  75%  courses  in  the  <10,000  range.  

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Size  Maoers  (Katy  Jordon,  2013)  

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Length  Maoers  (Katy  Jordon,  2013)  

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Moocs  or  learners  are  getng  beoer  (Katy  Jordon,  2013)  

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DifferenRated  MOOC    ParRcipaRon  Paoerns  

Unaffiliated  Student  

Blended  online  Student  

Blue:  -­‐  Video  lecture  Green/Red/Brown:  -­‐  Automated  assessment  Yellow:  -­‐  Discussions  Groups  

Rethinking  Online  Community  in  MOOCs  Used  for  Blended  Learning  by  Michael  Caulfield,  Amy  Collier,  and  Sherif  Halawa  hop://www.educause.edu/ero/arRcle/rethinking-­‐online-­‐community-­‐moocs-­‐used-­‐blended-­‐learning  

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Commercial  MOOC  DisrupRons  

•  Intellectual  ownership?  •  Plauorm  ownership?  

•  CompeRRve  and  due  process  for  partnering?  

•  Data  Mining?  

•  Re-­‐selling  and  mashing?  

©Coursera-­‐  All  Rights  reserved  

Page 25: MOOCs, Myths and Misconseptions

Is  there  a  digital  dividend    for  Students?  

George  Siemens  2013  

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Myth:  UniversiRes  cannot  be  Unbundled  

•  Unbundling:  – provision  from  accreditaRon  

–  research  from  teaching  –  residence  from  learning  –  football  teams  from  mission  

–  teaching  from  tenure  

Anderson,  T.,  &  McGreal,  R.  (2012).  DisrupRve  Pedagogies  and  Technologies  in  UniversiRes.  Educa'on,  Technology  and  Society,  15(4),  380-­‐389.    

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Who/What  Should  Accredit?  

•   Accredit  the  Learner,  or  the  Course  not  the  InsRtuRon.  

•  “The  tradiRonal  accrediRng  agencies,  which  were  founded  long  ago  to  serve  the  needs  of  the  tradiRonal  insRtuRons,  are  not  well-­‐suited  to  lead  technological  and  social  innovaRons  that  are  alternaRves  to  the  tradiRonal  system”  David  Bergeron  &  Steven  Klinsky,  2013  

hop://www.insidehighered.com/views/2013/10/28/essay-­‐need-­‐new-­‐innovaRon-­‐focused-­‐accreditor#ixzz2n7Fanb00  Inside  Higher  Ed  “  

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New  Forms  of  AccrediRng  

Challenge  Exams  for  Credit  

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Myth:  Classroom  Learners  outperform  online  Learners  

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Myths:  Good  Teachers  are  Good  Researchers  

•  A  meta-­‐analysis  of  58  studies  demonstrates  that  the  relaRonship  is  zero.  

•   "instead  of  looking  for  even  more  mediators  and  moderators  ....  we  should  accept  the  conclusion  that  teaching  and  research  (however  conceived)  are  unrelated  and  move  on  to  asking  how  we  can  enhance  this  relaRon"  p.  632  

Hate,  J.,  &  Marsh,  H.  W.  (1996).  The  relaRonship  between  research  and  teaching:  A  meta-­‐analysis.  Review  of  Educa'onal  Research,  66(4),  507-­‐542.    

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Big  Data:  Savior  or  Just  Scary?  

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Big  Data  &EducaRon  

1)  Technology:  maximizing  computaRon  power  and  algorithmic  accuracy  to  gather,  analyze,  link,  and  compare  large  data  sets.    

2)  Analysis:  drawing  on  large  data  sets  to  idenRfy  paoerns  in  order  to  make  economic,  social,  technical,  and  legal  claims  and  design  intervenRons.  

3)  Mythology:  the  widespread  belief  that  large  data  sets  offer  a  higher  form  of  intelligence  and  knowledge  that  can  generate  insights  that  were  previously  impossible,  with  the  aura  of  truth,  objecRvity,  and  accuracy.  

Boyd,  d.  &  Crawford,  K.  (2013).  CriRcal  QuesRons  for  Big  Data:  ProvocaRons  for  a  Cultural,  Technological,  and  Scholarly  Phenomenon  

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The  dialecRc  of  surveillance  and  recogniRon-­‐  Boellstorff,  T.  (2013)  

•  “if  a  surveillance  program  produces  informaRon  of  value,  it  legiRmizes  it...  .  In  one  step,  we’ve  managed  to  jusRfy  the  operaRon  of  the  PanopRcon.”  Michel  Foucault:    

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•  MOOCs  just  one  component  of  Open  Scholarship  

Weller,  M.  (2103)  The  baole  for  open  -­‐  a  perspecRve.  JIME  

Open  PublicaRon  Open  Data  Open  Science  Open  Texts  Open  EducaRonal  Resources  Open  Review  

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Why  get  Involved  in    Open  Scholarship  &  MOOCs?  

•  Public  service  in  a  Rme  of  public  distrust  and  weakening  support  

•  PromoRons,  branding    

•  TesRng  of  more  cost  and  learning  effecRve  models  

•  TesRng  of  flipped  classroom  model  

•  “first  one  free”  markeRng  

•  Good  scholarship  is  open  scholarship  

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•  John  Dewey  “Consider  the  history  of  any  significant  invenRon  or  discovery,  and  you  will  find  a  period  when  there  was  enough  knowledge  to  make  a  new  mode  of  acRon  or  observaRon  possible  but  no  definite  informaRon  or  instrucRon  as  to  how  to  make  it  actual.    (EducaRon  as  Engineering,  1922,  p.  3)  

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Conclusion  

•  “We  think  there’s  as  much  opportunity  as  threat.  If  universiRes  and  governments  take  up  these  opportuniRes  there  could  be  a  golden  age  ahead.  The  big  dangers  are  complacency,  Rmidity  and  risk  aversion.”  (Michael  Barber  advisor  to  Pearson  Publishing  in  Warrell,  2013).  

•  Or  are  MOOCs  part  of  the  Neo-­‐liberal  aoack  on  higher  educaRon??  

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Terry Anderson [email protected]

Blog: terrya.edublogs.org Skype: @terguy

Your comments and questions most welcomed!