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Motion Sensing And Detection

Prepared By:-Nirav Soni (120570107018)

Guided By:-Professor Sahista MachchharComputer Dept, MEFGI-R

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Overview

•What is Motion??•What is Sensing??•Motion Sensing.• Types of Motion Sensing.• Application of Motion Sensing.•Motion Controller.• Some Motion Sensing Device.

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Motion

• In physics, motion is a change in position of an object with respect to time and its reference point.•Motion is typically described in terms

of displacement, direction, velocity, acceleration and time.•Motion is the variation of a body with

respect to time.

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Sensor

• A sense is a physiological capacity of organisms that provides data for perception.• A sensor is a device which receives and

responds to a signal.• A sensor (also called detector) is a converter

that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an (electronic) instrument.

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Motion sensors

• The term ‘Motion sensors’ can be used to refer to any kind of sensing system which is used to detect motion; motion of any object or motion of human beings.• Motion sensors also called as motion

detector.• Motion sensors are commonly used in

security systems as triggers for automatic lights or remote alarms and similar applications.

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Types of Motion sensors

• The way in which a motion sensor works typically depends on the type of sensor being used, which often depends on the device that uses the sensor.• There are two basic types of motion

sensors:1). Active Sensors 2). Passive Sensors

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Active Sensors• Active sensors emit a signal, typically an

burst of (light, microwaves or sound) waves which is reflected by the surroundings. • The reflected signal is received by the

sensor and takes necessary action.•When something moves within the area of

an active motion sensor, the change in signal that is reflected to the sensor activates the system.

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Continued..• The active sensor is one of the most

common and reliable sensors used in a security system.• Advantages for active sensors include the

ability to obtain measurements anytime, regardless of the time of day or season.• Some examples of active sensors are:-1. RADAR.2. LiDAR.

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Passive Sensors• Passive Sensors are a type of motion sensor

that do not emit a signal, but instead detect infrared radiation around the sensor.• As this sensor detects temperature

differences, it is well suited to detecting the motion of people by their body temperature.•When a person or animal moves through the

area, heat from the movement is detected by the sensor, which then activates the system to which it is connected.

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Continued..

• Turn lights on when a person is present in a room.• Remote Sensing

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Types of Motion Sensing

• Basically, there are many types of motion sensing, but the major ones are as mentioned below:-

1. Passive Infrared Motion Sensing.2. Ultrasonic Motion Sensing.3. Microwave Motion Sensing.

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Passive Infrared Motion Sensing

• PIR sensor detects a human being moving around within approximately 10m from the sensor. This is an average value, as the actual detection range is between 5m and 12m.• They are sensitive to person’s skin temperature

through emitted blackbody radiation on at mid infrared wavelengths, in contrast to the objects at room temperature.

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Continued..

• Infrared sensors are characterized by high sensitivity, low cost and are widely used.• An infrared motion detector can also be set to

only pick up on certain levels of heat, making it possible to ignore small animals.• Example:-1. Automatic Door Opening System.2. Proximity Sensors.3. Automatic Counting Mechanisms.

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Ultrasonic motion sensing• Ultrasonic motion detectors use sound waves to

detect motion. If movement is detected, the sound wave pattern is disrupted and alarm is signaled.• It senses motion by analyzing sound waves in its environment.• These frequencies are generally inaudible to

humans and most animals and do not pass through objects

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Continued..• Active motion sensors generate sound waves in

the ultrasonic frequency range, typically around 30 to 50 kilohertz (kHz).• When no objects are moving in the area, the

pattern of sound and the time it takes to bounce back remain the same.• If something moves, the detector senses that

the level or phase of the returning sound waves has shifted slightly. • Example:- 1. Ultrasound is also used in medical applications

for imaging and surgery 2. Sonar.

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Microwave motion sensing

•Microwave motion sensor systems send out microwaves that bounce off an object and back to the sensor.• The sensor then reads the frequency of

the returning waves.• If an object is moving, the sensor receives

different microwaves than the ones it sent out, signifying movement and setting off the alarm.

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Continued..

• These types of motion sensor systems cover a larger area than infrared sensors, they are capable of penetrating walls.• They are more reliable over longer distances.• Their radiation is unhealthy for living organisms.• Despite this, they are the least popular motion

sensor system on the market because of their cost.

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Accelerometers• Accelerometers measure linear acceleration and

tilt angle.• Single and multi-axis accelerometers detect the

combined magnitude and direction of linear, rotational and gravitational acceleration. They can be used to provide limited motion sensing functionality.• An accelerometer measures proper acceleration,

which is the acceleration it experiences relative to freefall and is the acceleration felt by people and objects.

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Continued…• Examples:-1. Accelerometers are used for simple motion

sensing applications such as changing the screen of a mobile device from portrait to landscape orientation.

2. Accelerometers can be used to measure vehicle acceleration.

3. Notebook computers equipped with accelerometers can contribute to the Quake-Catcher Network (QCN), a BOINC project aimed at scientific research of earthquakes.

4. Accelerometers are used to measure the motion and vibration of a structure that is exposed to dynamic loads.

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Continued…

5.Modern electronic accelerometers are used in remote sensing devices intended for the monitoring of active volcanoes to detect the motion of magma.6.Camcorders use accelerometers for image stabilization. Still cameras use accelerometers for anti-blur capturing.7.Orientation sensing.

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Application

• The Motion Sensing has been precisely and accurately used in the following devices:-

1. Leap Motion Controller.2. Kinect 360.3. Play Station Move Controller.4. Razer Hydra.5. Wired glove.

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• The Leap Motion controller is a small USB peripheral device which is designed to be placed on a physical desktop, facing upward.

• Using two monochromatic IR cameras and three infrared LEDs, the device observes a roughly hemispherical area, to a distance of about 1 meter (3 feet).

• The LEDs generate a 3D pattern of dots of IR light and the cameras generate almost 300 frames per second of reflected data, which is then sent through a USB cable to the host computer, where it is analyzed by the Leap Motion controller software

Leap Motion Controller

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Kinect

Kinect (codenamed in development as Project Natal) is a line of motion sensing input devices by Microsoft for Xbox 360 and Xbox One video game consoles and Windows PCsIt enables users to control and interact with their console/computer without the need for a game controller, through a natural user interface using gestures and spoken commands

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Play Station Move

• The PlayStation Move motion controller features an orb at the head which can glow in any of a full range of colors using RGB light-emitting diodes (LEDs)• Based on the colors in the user environment

captured by the camera, the system dynamically selects an orb color that can be distinguished from the rest of the scene.• The colored light serves as an active marker,

the position of which can be tracked along the image plane by the camera.

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Wired glove

• A wired glove is an input device for human–computer interaction worn like a glove.• Various sensor technologies are used to capture

physical data such as bending of fingers.• Often a motion tracker, such as a magnetic

tracking device or inertial tracking device, is attached to capture the global position/rotation data of the glove.

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References

• http://www.elprocus.com/pir-sensor-basics-applications/• https://www.leapmotion.com/• http://

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_controller• http://www.esa.int/Education/7._

Active_sensors• http://www.elprocus.com/motion-detector-cir

cuit-with-working-description-and-its-applications/• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerometer

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Thank you