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MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES

PRESENTED BY:K S NITUM.SC. (N) I YEAR403

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION “Motivation” is a Latin world, meaning “to

move” Human motives are internalized goals within individuals. Motivation encompasses all those pressures and influences that trigger, channel and sustain human behavior. People are complex and they are uniquely different.

DEFINITIONDEFINITION

“The Act of stimulating some one or oneself to get a desired course of action”.

(Michael J. Juices 2005)

“Motivation is the work a manger performs to inspire, encourage and impel people to take required action”.

(Lewis Allen, 2005)

NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTIVATION OF MOTIVATION

Motivation is an internal feeling

Motivation is related to needs

Motivation produces goal – directed behavior

Motivation can be either positive or negative

IMPORTANCE AND BENEFITS OF IMPORTANCE AND BENEFITS OF MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION

In the directing process. By motivating the workers.

Improving upon Workers skills and knowledge The willingness to work can be created only by

motivation Motivation contributes to good industrial

relationBest remedy for resistance to changes Facilities the maximum utilization of all factorsPromotes a sense of belonging among the

workers

TYPES OF MOTIVATIONTYPES OF MOTIVATION

Positive or Incentive MotivationBased on record A positive motivation involves the possibility of increased motive satisfaction.

Negative or fear MotivationBased on force and fear causes persons to act in a certain way because they fear the consequences.

THEORIES OF MOTIVATIONTHEORIES OF MOTIVATION Maslow’s need – hierarchy theory of

motivation

Herzberg’s theory of motivation

Victor vroom’s expectancy theory

Mc Celland’s Need for Achievement theory

MASLOW’S NEED – HIERARCHY MASLOW’S NEED – HIERARCHY THEORY OF MOTIVATIONTHEORY OF MOTIVATION

Abraham Maslow, a U.S Psychologist, man is a wanting animal. He has variety of wants or needs. All motivated behavior of man is directed towards the satisfaction of his needs.

The features of his theory are as fallows:-

People have a wide range of needs which motivate them to strive for fulfillment.

HERZBERG’S THEORY OF MOTIVATIONHERZBERG’S THEORY OF MOTIVATION

Herzberg developed a theory of

motivation on the premise

that human nature has two

separate elements:The maintenance factors or hygiene factorsThe motivators

THE MAINTENANCE FACTORS OR HYGIENE FACTORS

Hygiene factors are based on the need to for a business to avoid unpleasant at work. Hygiene factors include:◦Company policy & administration◦Wages, salaries & other financial remuneration◦Quality of supervision◦Quality of IPR◦Working condition◦Feeling of job security

THE MOTIVATOR FACTORS Motivator factors are based on an individual’s

need for personal growth. They make people satisfied with their job.

Motivators are necessary to keep job satisfaction and job performance high. When motivators are absent, prevent both satisfaction and motivation.

There is some similarity between Herzberg’s & Maslow’s models. They both suggest that needs have to be satisfied for the employee to be motivated.

VICTOR VROOM’S EXPECTANCY THEORY

Expectancy theory was developed by

VICTOR H VROOM It is based on the

notion that human behavior depends

on people’s expectations concerning

their ability to perform tasks and

to receive desired rewards

THREE VARIABLES

Expectancy: The belief that one's effort will result in attainment of desired performance goals

Instrumentality: The belief that a person will receive a reward if the performance expectation is met.

Valance: Value the individual places on the rewards based on their needs, goals, values and Sources of Motivation.

MC CELLAND’S NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT THEORY David. C. MC. Clelland, a Harvard psychologist,

has proposed that there are

three major relevant motives

most needs in work place

situations according to times.

THE MOTIVES ARE:-

METHODS OF MOTIVATING METHODS OF MOTIVATING PEOPLEPEOPLE There are three types of motivation programmers

to improve a person’s behavior towards his job. These are:-

Pay incentive plansJob enrichment Management by objectives

FACTORS DETERMINING RESPONSE TO MOTIVATION There are four important factors governing employee

response to the measures of motivation.

The intensity :- Urge of the DrivePast experience:- Can be rely upon the promises given by

the bossAmount of ward:-The quantity and quality of the reward

can influence the amount of extra effort put forth by the employee

Time relationship of response to reward:- Long range promises are less effective than immediate fulfillment

SUMMARYSUMMARY: :

Today we are discussed about the definition, nature & characteristics, importance & benefits, types & different theories of motivation. We also discussed bout the methods & factors determining response to motivation.