MPLSMPLS“Multiple Protocol Label Switching”“Multiple Protocol Label Switching”

Presented By: Riham Mohamed Anwer

Overview:Overview:Introduction.What is MPLS?MPLS Functions.Component.Operation.Tunneling in MPLS.Applications.MPLS V.S IPv6.

Introduction:Introduction:IP Routing …

is a set of protocols that determine the path that data follows in order to travel across multiple networks from its source to its destination.

IP Routing:IP Routing:

But it has some disadvantages...Connectionless” No quality of service”.Each router has to make forwarding

decisions independently based on IP address.Large IP header “at least 20 bytes”.Routing is slow than switching in Network

Layer. Design to obtain shortest path.

ATM:ATM:

In the other side there is Circuit Switching:

is a type of network in which a physical path is obtained for and dedicated to a single connection between two end-points in the network for the duration of the connection Like voice phone ..

The telephone company reserves a specific physical path to the number you are calling for the duration of your call.

But…..But…..*Expensive.*Expensive.*Complex*Complex as shown below. as shown below.*Not wider adopted.*Not wider adopted.

So MPLS has been adopted by IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) to incorporate best properties in both packet routing & circuit switching.

IP Routing

ATM,FR,Ethernet

SDH,WDW,CSMA

MPLS

What is MPLS?What is MPLS?MPLS is a hybrid Protocol…MPLS is a hybrid Protocol…

What is MPLS ?What is MPLS ?

It is an Internet Engineering Task Force that specified frameworks which provides for the efficient designation, routing, forwarding and switching of traffic flows through the network.

It is considered to be the most perfect solution to address the most recently faced problems in present-day networks such as

“Routing, scalability, quality of service engineering management, traffic engineering”

MPLS Functions:MPLS Functions:Specify mechanism to manage traffic flows of

various details or properties such as flows between different hardware, machines or flows between different applications.

Still independent of the layer_2 and layer_3 Protocols.

Provides a means to map IP addresses to simple_fixed length labels used by different packet_forwarding and packet switching technologies.

Interfaces to existing routing protocols such as recourse reservation protocol (RSVR) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF).

Support the IP, ATM and Frame relay layer_2 protocols.

 In MPLS data transmission occurs on label

switched paths(LSPs), which are a sequence of labels at each node along the path from the source to destination.

MPLS components:MPLS components:

LSR (Label Switched Router) Is a high speed device in the core of MPLS Network LER (Label Edge Router) Is a device that works at the edge of the access

network and the MPLS NetworkFEC (Forwarding Equivalence Class) Is a representation of a group of packet that shares

the same requirements for their transportLIB (Label Information Base) Is a table built by LSRs to specify how a packet must

be forwardedLSP (Label Switch Path)

MPLS Operation:MPLS Operation:There are a few steps must be taken for a

data packet to travel through an MPLS domain:

1- Label creation and distribution. Before any traffic the routers make decision to

bind a label to a specific FEC and build their tables.

2- Table creation at each router. The contents of the table will specify the

mapping between a label and an FEC. Mapping between the input port and input label to the output port and output label.

3- Label-switched path creation. LSPs are created in the reverse direction to the

creation of entries in the LIBs.

4- Label insertion/table look up. The first router uses LIB table to find a next hop

and request a label for the specific FEC. Once the packet gets the final LSR the label is

removed and the packet is supplied to the destination.

5- Packet forwarding.

A simple figure shows how the data flows in MPLSA simple figure shows how the data flows in MPLS

Tunneling in MPLS:Tunneling in MPLS:Creating tunnels through the

intermediary routers that can span multiple segments.

Application of MPLS:Application of MPLS:

Increase network performance because it enables routing by switching at wire line speeds.

MPLS is simple that allows for easy implementation.

Support QOS and COS for different service. achieve service level guarantees.Supports network scalability.Avoid N^2 overlay problems with IP-ATM networks.Provide better IP and ATM integrationProvides a bridge between access IP and ATM.  

But after all MPLS has some disadvantages…

Add an additional layer.The router has to understand MPLS.

Any Questions?! Any Questions?!

Or have any one benefit any thing from this topic??

Thanks for listeningThanks for listening