The Musculatory System

What does the Musulatory System do?

• The muscular system is the body's network of tissues that controls movement both of the body and within it (such as the heart's pumping action and the movement of food through the gut). Movement is generated through the contraction and relaxation of specific muscles.

The major functions of the muscular system are:• 1. Body movement due to the contraction of skeletal muscles

• 2. Maintenance of posture also due to skeletal muscles

• 3. Respiration due to movements of the muscles of the thorax

• 4. -Production of body heat, which is necessary for the maintenance of body temperature, as a byproduct of muscle contraction

• 5. -Communication, such as speaking and writing, which involve skeletal muscles

• 6. -Constriction of organs and vessels, especially smoother muscles that can move solids and liquids in the digestive tract and other secretions, including urine, from organs

• 7. -Heart beat caused by the contraction of cardiac muscle that

propels blood to all parts of the body

• 8. -Shock Absorption; The muscular network of the body forms a padding for the skeletal framework, thereby protecting the vital internal organs.

The muscular system in your body is composed of

• Skeletal muscle attaches primarily to your skeleton and moves voluntarily or by reflex.

• Cardiac muscle is the muscle of your heart and contracts involuntarily.

• smooth muscle is found in your blood vessels, eyes, hair follicles and the walls of hollow organs like your stomach and intestines. Also moves involuntarily

The Skeletal Muscle• Skeletal muscles are attached

to bones by tough, fibrous connective tissue called tendons

• The primary function of skeletal muscle is to produce voluntary gross and fine movements to keep you alive

• The abdominal muscles and the muscles of your lower back help to protect your vital organs.

• make up about 40% of the body's mass or weight.

• They stabilize joints, help maintain posture, and give the body its general shape

Smooth Muscle• found lining the intestinal

walls, stomach, lungs and other hollow organs

• they are controlled by the autonomous nervous system

• The involuntary contractions in your stomach and intestines aid in digestion and in moving the food along your digestive tract, ultimately directing indigestible substances to your rectum

• When your heart contracts, your arteries expand to accept the blood. The smooth

muscles in your arteries contract to push the blood throughout the blood vessel systems in your body, ultimately pushing the blood from your arterioles into your capillaries to return back to the heart. Regulates Blood

• Most of the digestive and excretory organs have smooth muscular tissue, so these organs can be said to make up the muscular system.

Cardiac Muscle• The heart is actually a

muscle, known as the cardiac muscle.

• Your heart is responsible for receiving blood back from your muscles, pumping it into your lungs, receiving the blood from the lungs then pumping it out into your arteries to supply your entire body

• The heart is only one of 650 muscles found in the human body and is one of the strongest.

• The heart is made up exclusively of cardiac tissues and is one of the most muscular organs in the body, beating at an average of 72 times per minute (or appro-ximately 3.5 billion times during a lifetime

The optimal functioning of your muscles depends on several organs.

• Estrogen is secreted by the ovaries and stimulates the growth of smooth muscle lining the reproductive tract, whereas testosterone, secreted primarily by the testes, promotes skeletal-muscle growth, according to "Human Physiology,

• Spleen Without well-functioning blood, muscles would languish.(filters out the dead)

• LiverKeeping muscles supplied with energy, the liver can feed glucose to the bloodstream by breaking down hepatic energy stores,

• KidneysHealthy kidneys keep the acid-base balance in a range ideal for the metabolic reactions on which muscle contraction depends

• BrainThe brain's sensorimotor cortex and brainstem transmit impulses via two neural pathways that maintain healthy muscle tone, preventing both muscle rigidity and flaccidity

The peripheral nervous system

• consists of two kinds of neurons known as sensory neurons and motor neurons. Sensory neurons are located in the sensory organs, such as the eye and ear IT can be subdivided into two parts

• The somatic system involves the skeletal muscles. It is considered to be a voluntary system since the brain exerts control over movements such as writing or throwing a ball .

• The autonomic nervous system affects internal organs, such as the heart, lungs, stomach, and liver.

Did you know?

• Muscles form about 40% of one's body• The human muscular system spread across the entire

body is controlled by the nervous system of the body• The human body comprises over 630 muscles, of which

the largest (gluteus maximus) is found in the buttocks • The muscles keep working all the time, even when we

are sleeping. It is only when an individual becomes unconscious, that the body is in a complete state of muscular rest. Otherwise, the muscles are always contracting and relaxing.

Disorders• Disorders of the muscular system can be due to genetic,

hormonal, infectious, autoimmune, poisonous, or cancerous causes.

• But the most common problem associated with this system is injury from misuse.

• Skeletal muscle sprains and tears cause excess blood to seep into the tissue in order to heal it.

• The remaining scar tissue leads to a slightly shorter muscle. • Muscular impairment and cramping can result from a diminished

blood supply. • Cramping ( very common) can be due to overexertion or . • Poor blood supply to the heart muscle causes chest pain called

angina pectoris. • And inadequate ionic supplies of calcium, sodium, or potassium

can adversely effect most muscle cells.

Muscular Dystrophy

• Muscular dystrophy is a genetic muscle disease that makes muscle fibers abnormally susceptible to damage. Most types of muscular dystrophy are caused by the deficiency of a protein known as dystrophin.

Inheritance pattern of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Sons have a 50-50 chance of inheriting the disorder from their mother if she carries the gene

for it on one of her X chromosomes.

Myopathies

• Myopathies are muscle diseases that affect skeletal muscles and are caused by genetic problems or metabolic disorders according to the Neurology Channel. Most types of myopathies results in weak skeletal muscles and often develop at a young age.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

• Chronic fatigue syndrome is a syndrome that's still being researched by physicians and results in extreme fatigue that doesn't go away with rest, according to the Mayo Clinic. Symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome include loss of memory, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, random muscle pain, headaches, unrefreshing sleep and sore throats.

Fibromyalgia

• Fibromyalgia results in widespread pain throughout every muscle in a person's body. Approximately 2% of the entire US population is affected by fibromyalgia. Symptoms of fibromyalgia include joint tenderness, fatigue problems, and sleep disturbances.

Compartment Syndrome

• Compartment syndrome is an uncommon exercised induced syndrome and causes pain, swelling and sometimes disability in person's legs or arms. Compartment syndrome is more common among seasoned athletes but can affect anyone.

The Muscular System

END…Thank You!