Upload
ismi-fawaid
View
318
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Citation preview
Naming CompoundsNaming Compounds
Day 2Day 2
Working backwards: name to formula• It’s possible to determine a formula from a name• E.g. What is the formula of sodium oxide?• To get the answer, first write the valences:
Na1O2 Na2O• What is the formula of copper(II) oxide?
Cu2O2 Cu2O2 CuO• For covalent compounds, simply use the
prefixes to tell you the number of each element:• What is the formula for dinitrogen trioxide?
N2O3
• Give formulae for: lithium sulfide, dinitrogen monoxide, lead(IV) sulfate
Write and name the following covalent compounds (IUPAC)
Li1S2 Li2S
N2O
Pb4(SO4)2 Pb2(SO4)4 Pb(SO4)2
lithium sulfide
dinitrogen monoxide
lead(IV) sulfate
1. Name each according to IUPAC rules: a) ZnS, b) FeCl3, c) CaCO3, d) P2O5, e) NaCN,
f) N2F2, g) MgHPO4, h) Cu(BrO3)2, i) K2O, j) BF3
1. Give the valence of a) Fe in FeO, b) Mn in MnO2
3. Write formulas for: a) sodium oxide, b) potassium iodide, c) lead(IV) sulfide, d) mercury(I) oxide, e) Iron(II) oxide,
f) iron(II) phosphate, g) copper(II) fluoride, h) dichlorine monoxide, i) silver sulfide, j) magnesium nitride, k)
aluminum hypochlorite, l) iodine pentafluoride, m) calcium chromate, n) diphosphorus pentasulfide
Assignment
Complete exercises on handout
Steps:
1. Determine if its ionic or covalent
2. If ionic, determine if its metal has one or more valence
3. Name according to appropriate rules
Answers – 1, 2a) zinc sulfide b) iron(III) chloridec) calcium carbonated) diphosporus pentoxidee) sodium cyanidef) dinitrogen difluorideg) magnesium hydrogen phosphateh) copper(II) bromatei) potassium oxidej) boron trifluoride
2 a) 2 b) 4
Answers – 3
a) Na2O
b) KI
c) PbS2
d) Hg2O
e) FeO
f) Fe3(PO4)2
g) CuF2
h) Cl2O
i) Ag2S
j) Mg3N2
k) Al(ClO)3
l) IF5
m) CaCrO4
n) P2S5
• Bases contain an OH group• C6H12O6 does not have an OH group• If an OH group is present it will be clearly indicated:
e.g. NaOH, Ca(OH)2 • Also notice that bases have a metal (or positive ion
such as NH4+ at their beginning)
• Bases are named like other ionic compounds:• +ve is named first, followed by the polyatomic ion
Naming Bases
- calcium hydroxide - copper(I) hydroxide
- Al(OH)3
- NH4OH
Ca(OH)2
CuOHaluminum hydroxide
ammonium hydroxide
• All acids start with H (e.g. HCl, H2SO4)• 2 acids types exist: binary acids and oxyacids
Binary: H + non-metal. E.g. HClOxy: H + polyatomic ion. E.g. H2SO4
• Each have different naming rules.Binary acids: naming depends on state of acid• If it’s not aqueous: hydrogen + non-metal
HCl(g) = hydrogen chloride• If it is aqueous: hydro + non-metal + ic acid
HCl(aq) = hydrochloric acid (aqueous hydrogen chloride)
Naming Acids: Binary acids
HBr(s) HI(aq)H2S(aq) H2S(g)
hydrogen bromide hydr(o)iodic acidhydrogen sulfidehydrosulfuric acid
• Naming does not depend on the state (aq)• 1) name the polyatomic ion
2) replace ate with ic, ite with ous3) change non-metal root for pronunciation4) add “acid” to the name
E.g. H2SO3
Naming Acids: Oxyacids
HNO2 hypochlorous acid
H3PO4(aq) carbonic acid
1) sulphite, 2) sulphous,
3) sulphurous, 4) sulphurous acid
• Naming does not depend on the state (aq)• 1) name the polyatomic ion
2) replace ate with ic, ite with ous3) change non-metal root for pronunciation4) add “acid” to the name
E.g. H2SO3
Naming Acids: Oxyacids
HNO2 hypochlorous acid
H3PO4(aq) carbonic acid
1) sulphite, 2) sulphous,
3) sulphurous, 4) sulphurous acid
- nitrous acid - HClO
- phosphoric acid - H2CO3
a) chloric acidb) hydrosulfuric acidc) hydrobromic acidd) phosphorous acide) iodic acidf) HCl(g)g) HCl(aq)h) H2SO4(s)
i) H2SO4(aq)
j) HClO2
k) HF(aq)
Assignment: give formula or namea) HClO3
b) H2S(aq)
c) HBr(aq)d) H3PO3
e) HIO3
f) hydrogen chlorideg) hydrochloric acidh) hydrogen sulphatei) sulfuric acidj) chlorous acidk) hydrofluoric acid
• Some compounds contain H2O in their struc-ture. These compounds are called hydrates.
• This is different from (aq) because the H2O is part of the molecule (not just surrounding it).
• The H2O can usually be removed if heated.• A dot separates water: e.g. CuSO4•5H2O is
copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate.• A greek prefix indicates the # of H2O groups.
Hydrates
sodium sulfate decahydrate nickel(II) sulfate hexahydrate
Na2CO3•H2O BaCl2•2H2O
Na2SO4•10H2O NiSO4•6H2O sodium carbonate monohydratebarium chloride dihydrate
For more lessons, visit www.chalkbored.com