Natural Disasters

Earthquakes

The preparedness of the community for a natural disaster

Efforts of community during a natural disaster

After the natural disaster

Role of youth after a natural disaster

Planet Earth’s heat flow causes movement oflithospheric plates, which causes faulting, whichcauses earthquakes. Earthquakes often occur when tectonic plate collide.

What is an earthquake ?

What happens when plates collide? It depends how the plates

are moving when they meet:

1. When two plates collide head-on,

they push each other up and form mountains. That's how the Himalayas and other great mountain ranges were created.

2. When one plate dives below

another plate, it creates a seduction zone as the diving plate is crushed and melted. This process often creates volcanoes as the magma rises up to the surface.

3. When two plates slide past each other, they create a transform fault, like the San Andreas fault.

Earthquake is an event which is –-generally unpredictable -happens instantly or without giving enough time to react -affecting a large number of people-disrupting normal life and leading to a large scale devastation in terms of loss of life and property -always finding the administration and affected people struggling to respond in the desired manner -leaving deep socio-psychological, political and economic after effects which persist for a long time to come.

AftershockAn earthquake of similar or lesser intensity that follows themain earthquake.

MagnitudeThe amount of energy released during an earthquake, whichis computed from an amplitude of seismic waves. A magnitude of 7.0 on the Richter Scale indicates an extremely strong earthquake.

Terms related to an earthquake:

Emergency Response

Post-disaster: recovery

Preparedness

Prevention/ Mitigation

Reconstruction

Rehabilitation

Response/ Relief

Pre-disaster: risk reduction

Disaster

Emergency Response

Post-disaster: recovery

Preparedness

Prevention/ Mitigation

Reconstruction

Rehabilitation

Response/ Relief

Pre-disaster: risk reduction

Disaster

Parts of earthquake management:

Before an earthquake:

Prepare a disaster preparedness kit.

Have an emergency evacuation plan.

Anchor heavy objects and potential falling hazards. (bookcases, wall units, etc.)

Know emergency telephone numbers.

During an earthquake:

Stay calm.

If inside: stand in a doorway or crouch beside a desk or table.

If outside: stand away from buildings, trees, telephone, and electrical lines.

If on the road: drive away from underpasses and overpasses; stop in a safe area, stay in between vehicles or between sturdy furniture.

After an earthquake:

Check for injuries and provide first aid.

Do a safety check: check for gas, water, downed power lines and shortages.

Turn off appropriate utilities; Check for damage.

Turn on the radio and listen for instructions on safety or recovery actions.

Use the telephone for emergencies only.

Earthquake waves are known as seismicwaves. There are three main types of seismic waves. Each type of wave has a speed and manner of travel.

Seismic waves

This is an image of a seismograph, an instrument used to record the energy released by an earthquake. When the needle is moved by the motion of the earth, it leaves a wavy line.

Blue primary waves followed by red secondary waves move outward in concentric circles from the epicenter of an earthquake off British Columbia and Washington State.

Made By:-

Kabir

HarshitKamalHemant

KunalIshu

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