Upload
ashaduzzaman-kanon
View
382
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Welcome to the Presentation
presentation topic :
>>Node voltage >>Norton Theorem >>Ac Fundamental
Group members
Name ID
Bayezid Bostami 151-15-4681
Manisha Barman 151-15-4682
Ashaduzzaman kanon
131-15-2392
>>Agenda:>>procedure of node voltage and explanation .>>procedure of Norton theorem and explanation .>>Ac Fundamental Basic.
Nodal Analysis
Nodal analysis provides a general procedure for analyzing circuits using node voltages as the circuit variables.
r e fe r e n c e n o d e
v 1v 2 v 3
R 2
R 1 R 3
R 4
I
Steps to Determine Node Voltages:
1. Determine the number of nodes within the network.2. Pick a reference node, and label each remaining node with a subscript value of voltage: V1, V2, and so on.3. Apply Kirchhoff’s current law at each node except the reference. 4. Solve the resulting equation for the nodal voltages.
Example Applying KCL at V1:
Applying KCL at V2
v1v2
1 0
5
2 0 4 A
2 A
2521
101
VVVEq 1
6205
212 VVV
Eq 2
Nodal Analysis: Clearing Equations From Eq 1:
V1 + 2V1 – 2V2 = 20or
3V1 – 2V2 = 20From Eq 2:
4V2 – 4V1 + V2 = -120or
-4V1 + 5V2 = -120
Eq 3
Eq 4
Solution: V1 = -20 V, V2 = -40 V9
Edward Lawry Norton was an accomplished Bell Labs engineer and scientist famous for developing the concept of the Norton equivalent circuit.
NORTON’S THEOREM
Any two-terminal linear bilateral dc network can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a current source and a parallel resistor.
FIG. 2.1 Norton equivalent circuit.
Norton’s Theorem Procedure
FIG. 2.2 Converting between Thévenin and Norton equivalent circuits.
Norton’s Theorem Procedure
FIG. 2.3 Fig:2.3.1 Identifying the terminals of particular importance when applying Thévenin’s theorem.
Norton’s Theorem Procedure
FIG. 2.3.2 Determining RN for the network in Fig. 9.62.
RN= = =2 Ω
Norton’s Theorem Procedure
FIG. 2.3.3 Determining IN for the network in Fig. 2.3.2
Norton’s Theorem Procedure
FIG. 2.4 Substituting the Norton equivalent circuit for the network external to the resistor RL in Fig. 2.3.
War of current
Ac waveform:
Peak: Maximum Positive or Negative Voltage
Peak to Peak: 2 x peak value
Period or Wavelength: length of one complete cycle
General form of ac current or voltage
y = A sin (t )Here ,A = amplitude
= angular frequency
t = time y = instantaneous
value
V = 15sin (t +50)I = 10sin (t -70)
50
15
70
10
V I
V leads I by 120
Advantage :>>AC current can be transformed and DC current cannot be transformed. >>It can be controlled by a wide range of components e.g. resistors ,capacitors and inductors. >>This allows high-voltage electrical power to be distributed with smaller wires and lower amperage.
Acknowledgement :S.M.Safayet UllahLecturerDepartment of Natural SciencesDaffodil International University
References:1.Introductory Circuit Analysis by Robert L. Boylesterd2.Fundemantal of Electric circuit by Alexander & sadiku.3. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Lawry_Norton.
Thank you