1. Wasay Waseem KabirFinal Year MBBS, Deccan College of Medical Sciences

2. NUTRITIONNutrition , also callednourishment , is the provision, tocells and organisms , of thematerials necessary in the formof food to support life.Our food is made up of essential, natural complex chemical 3. 1. Carbohydrate2. Fat Macro3. Protein4. Vitamins5. Minerals 4. --50-60% of total energy intake. Carbohydrates are divided intoSimple carbohydrates e.g.monosaccharide and disaccharidessuch as glucose and fructose infruits, vegetables, sucrose in sugar,lactose in milk.Complex Carbohydrates e.g.oligosaccharides & polysaccharidessuch as starch in cereals. 5. Proteins are second most abundantsubstance in the body after water. They are required for growth and synthesisof tissues in the body, and as alternatesource of energy for the body. Proteins are made of 20 different kinds ofamino acids. Proteins provide 4 kcal energy/gm. 6. 25-30% of energy intake should be from fat. Acts as major structural element of cell membranes, carriers of fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, K, precursors offer biosynthesis of prostaglandins and hormones. Fats in diet or human body are in the form of triglycerides, phospholipids & cholesterol 7. SIMPLELIPIDSSATURATED FATTY UNSATURATEDACIDS. Ghee, FATTY ACIDSButter, Coconut oil (UFA) MUFA PUFAOlive, palm, Corn, soya,mustard oils. sunflower oils. EFALinoleic & linolenic acids 8. RECOMMENDED DIETARYALLOWANCES A range of acceptable or safe intake levelshave been established for almost all the importantnutrients, which are recognized as RDA. RDAs are formulated based on the current knowledge ofnutritional requirements of diff age & sex groupsdepending on anthropometry. A simple way of calculating energy requirements is asfollows:-For children with normal body weights, the energyrequirements are :- 100 Kcal/Kg for the first 10 kg, Between 10-20 kg, the requirement is 1000kcal+50kcal/kg added for wt about 10 kg. For wt more than 20 kg 20 kcal/kg is added to 1500kcal to estimate the requirements. 9. RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCESFOR INDIAN CHILDREN.GROUP PARTICULAR BODYENERGY PROTEIN FATSWT (KG) Kcal/day gm/daygm/dayINFANTS 0-6 MONTHS5.4108/Kg 2.05/Kg 300-128.698/Kg1.65/Kg 25MONTHSCHILDRE 1-3 Yrs 12.2 1240 2225N 4-6Yrs19.0 1690 30257-9Yrs26.9 1950 4125BOYS10-12 Yrs 35.4 2190 5422GIRLS 10-12 Yrs 31.5 1970 5722BOYS13-15 Yrs 47.8 2450 7022GIRLS 13-15Yrs46.7 2060 6522BOYS16-18 Yrs 57.1 2640 7822GIRLS 16-18 Yrs 49.9 2060 6322 10. BREAST FEEDING: An infant should be exclusively breastfed till 6 months of age During this age, additional food or fluid isnot required as breast milk is nutritionallycomplete for the childs growth anddevelopment and it protects frominfections and strengthens immunesystem. 11. COMPLEMENTARY DIET: Complementary feeding is started at 6 months of agewhile continuing breast feeding. Complementary feeding refers to food whichcomplements breast milk and ensures that the childcontinues to have enough energy , protein and othernutrients to grow normally. Breast feeding is encouraged up to 2 years of age inaddition to normal food.BALANCED DIET: Balanced diet is defined as nutritionally adequateand appropriate; it provides all the nutrients inrequired amounts in proper proportions. A combination of carbohydrate rich food, a proteinsource and fat should be used to make nutritionallyadequate complementary food or feed. This diet should contain 55-60% cal fromcarbohydrates, 10-12% proteins & 25-30% fats. 12. Foods are conventionally grouped as: Cereals, millets and pulses. Vegetables& fruits. Milk and milk products Egg, meat, fish. Oils and fats. 13. IMNCI FOOD BOXAGE FOOD Up to 6 Breast feed as often as the childmonthswants, at least 8 times in 24 hrs. Do not give any other foods or fluidsnot even water. 6-12 Breast feed as often as the child months wants. 1 katori serving at a time of:mashed roti/ bread / biscuit mixed insweetened undiluted milk OR Mashed boiled /fried potatoes 3 times a day. 14. AGE FOOD 12 Breast feed as often as the childmonths- 2 wants.yrs. Offer food from the family pot. Give at least1 katori serving ata time 5 times a day. Mashed roti/ rice/ bread mixed inthick dal with added ghee/ oil ORkhichri with added ghee and cookedvegetables also in the servings. 2yrs and Give family food as 3 meals each olderday. also, twice daily, give nutritious foodbetween meals such as: banana/ 15. COMMON FOOD STUFFS FOOD K CAL/100 gm PROTEIN/100gFISH100 20COW MILK673.3DHAL350 21RICE350 7POTATO100 1.6BANANA100 1.0TAPIOCA 160 0.7 16. PREPARATIONS QTY FOR 1 KCAL SERVINGRICE 1 CUP 100PHULKA 1 NO50BREAD2 SLICES100UPMA 1 CUP 250IDLY 2 NO100DOSA 1NO 50KHICHRI1 CUP 200CORN FLAKES1 CUP 220SAMBAR 1 CUP 100BOILED EGG 1 NO70 17. PREPARATIONS QTY FOR 1 KCAL SERVINGPlain Dhal 1 CUP 110SAMOSA 1 NO200SAND WICH2 NO200APPLE1 65BANANA 1 90GRAPES 30 NO 70GUAVA1 50JACKFRUIT4 PIECES90MANGO1 180CHEEKU 1 80ORANGE 1 40 18. AnyQuestions?? 19. THANK YOUAcknowledgement-Dr.Narayan Reddy