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Old Maps, Annotations, and Open Data Networks
Bernhard Haslhofer (Cornell University)
...with input from Rainer Simon (Austrian Institute of Technology)
Harvard University, January 2013
Harvard, January 2013
My plan for today...
• Background and Context
• Annotations on Historical Maps
• Maphub Demo + Technical Details
• yuma.min.js / Annotorious
• Next Steps, Ideas, ...
• Related Projects
2
Harvard, January 2013
About me...
• Postdoc at Cornell
• Research in the area of global data networks
• how can open data support scholarship?
• how can scholarly knowledge flow back into open data networks?
3
Harvard, January 2013
The big picture...
4
2007 2013
LEMOLinked Data Annotation ModelAudio, Video, ImagesServer + Flash Clients
Open Annotation Collaboration (OAC)
YUMAOAC ModelAudio, Video, ImagesServer + GWT Clients
yuma.min.js / AnnotoriousAudio, (Zoomable) ImagesJavaScript
yuma4jStorage Server (Java)OAC Model
W3C Open Annotations
maphub(Zoomable) Historic MapsJavaScript, Ruby on Rails
Open KnowledgeFoundation Annotator
Semantic Tagging
Harvard, January 2013
Annotations on Historical Maps
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Harvard, January 2013
Annotations on Historical Maps
6
Harvard, January 2013
Annotations on Historical Maps
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Harvard, January 2013
Annotations on Historical Maps
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Harvard, January 2013
Possible Benefits
• Engage people; let them tell their stories
• Collect knowledge; enhance metadata records
• Connect digitized maps with other Web resources
9
Harvard, January 2013
Maphub Demo + Technical Details
10
Harvard, January 2013
Maphub Screencast
• http://vimeo.com/46114369
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Harvard, January 2013
Maphub Features
• Geo References + Map Overlays
• Comments + Semantic Tagging
• Multilingual Search
• (Open Annotation) API
12
Harvard, January 2013
Geo References
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Harvard, January 2013
Geo References
x
y x = a*lat + b*lng + cy = d*lat + e*lng + f
lat = a*x + b*y + clng = d*x + e*y + f
Affine TransformationModel
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Harvard, January 2013
Map Overlays
• Generate overlay tilesets using GDAL and gdal2tiles.py
/raw/thumbnails/ts_zoomify/ts_google
/scripts/convert.rb... new control points?
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Harvard, January 2013
Harvard, January 2013
Harvard, January 2013
Harvard, January 2013
Comments on map regions
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Harvard, January 2013
Semantic Tagging
WikipediaMiner
annotation text
extracted named entities(Wikipedia Links)
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Harvard, January 2013
Semantic Tagging
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Resources UsersTags
t1, t2, t3
t1, t4, t5
t6, t7
t1, t6, t7
t1
Label-based Tagging Model Semantic Tagging Model
Resources UsersSemanticTags
Knowledge Context
based on Marlow et al. (2006)
Harvard, January 2013
Multilingual Search
fetch enrichments
(abstract + label translations)
index map metadata + annotations + enrichments
search & retrieval
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Harvard, January 2013
Maphub API
• Central Maphub information entities:maps, annotations (comments), control points
• Each instance of these entities becomes a first-class Web resource, identified by a URI
• http://maphub.herokuapp.com/maps/355
• http://maphub.herokuapp.com/annotations/1
• http://maphub.herokuapp.com/control_points/1
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Harvard, January 2013
Maphub API
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Harvard, January 2013
Open Annotation API
http://sws.geonames.org/
2643743/
http://maphubdev.mminf.univie.ac.at/
control_points/1
oax:Tagging
rdf:type
oax:hasSemanticTagoa:hasTarget
uuid:1235oa:annotator
http://maphubdev.mminf.univie.ac.at
oa:generator
"behas"
foaf:name
foaf:mbox
oa:Annotation
rdf:type"2012-07-18T02:
01:07Z"
oa:generated
"2012-07-18T02:01:07Z"
oa:annotated
maphub:GeoReference
rdf:type
uuid:4567
http://samos.mminf.univie.ac.
at/maps/raw/g3200.ct000725C.jp2
oa:SpecificResource
rdf:type
oa:hasSourceuuid:8910
oa:hasSelector
oa:FragmentSelector
rdf:type
xywh=6550,6228,1,1
rdf:value
dcterms:StillImage
rdf:type
image/jp2
dc:format
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Harvard, January 2013
Open Annotation API
http://maphubdev.mminf.univie.ac.at/
annotations/1
oa:Annotation
rdf:type
oa:hasTarget
uuid:1235oa:annotator
http://maphubdev.mminf.univie.ac.at
oa:generator
"behas"
foaf:name
foaf:mbox"2012-07-18T02:
01:07Z"
oa:generated
"2012-07-18T02:01:07Z"
oa:annotated
uuid:4567
http://samos.mminf.univie.ac.
at/maps/raw/g3200.ct000725C.jp2
oa:SpecificResource
rdf:type
oa:hasSource uuid:2752
oa:hasSelector
ct:ContentAsTextrdf:type
image/svg
dcterms:format
dcterms:StillImage
rdf:type
image/jp2
dc:format
oa:hasBody
uuid:2751
cnt:ContentAsText
rdf:type
"text/plain"
dc:format
In antiquity, the Strait of Gibraltar (which connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Mediterranean Sea) was also known by the name \"The Pillars of Hercules\". This is the reason for this inscription!
cnt:chars
dbpedia: Strait_of_Gibraltar
oax:hasSemanticTag
dbpedia: Pillars_of_Hercules
oax:hasSemanticTag
<svg…..>ct:chars
uuid:2753
oa:hasSelector
ct:ContentAsText
rdf:type
application/wkt
dcterms:format
POLYGON((5315 5639,5444….)
ct:chars
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Harvard, January 2013
Controlpoint Index
http://maphubdev.mminf.univie.ac.at/
control_points
ore:Aggregation
rdf:type
http://maphubdev.mminf.univie.ac.at/
control_points/1
http://maphubdev.mminf.univie.ac.at/
control_points/....
ore:aggregates
ore:aggregates
Maphub Controlpointsdc:title
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Harvard, January 2013
Annotation Index
http://maphubdev.mminf.univie.ac.at/
annotations
ore:Aggregation
rdf:type
http://maphubdev.mminf.univie.ac.at/
annotations/1
http://maphubdev.mminf.univie.ac.at/
annotations/5
ore:aggregates
ore:aggregates
Maphub Commentarial Annotationsdc:title
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Harvard, January 2013
Next Steps, Ideas, ...
29
Harvard, January 2013
Semantic Tagging Study
• Effects of semantic tagging on
• comments, tag usage / types
• user satisfaction
• in-lab user experiment
• currently in-progress @ Cornell
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Harvard, January 2013
Maphub Construction Areas
• Infrastructure stability
• GIS functionality + overlay generation
• Learning from Semantic Tagging (accept/reject)
• Annotation moderation
• ...
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Harvard, January 2013
Possible Extensions
• Semi-automatic annotation (toponym detection) (http://rsimon.github.com/toponym_identification/)
Josephinische Landesaufnahme: Gebiet von Mooskirchen bis Grazer Feld, Steiermark, Österreich, 1764-1787. Wikimedia Commons.
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Harvard, January 2013
Possible Extensions
• Semantic Tagging with placenames from different Gazetteers
• http://pleiades.stoa.org
• Pleiades dataset (http://thedatahub.org/dataset/pleiades)
• 34,000+ ancient places
• cool URIs for these resources
• http://pelagios-project.blogspot.com
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Harvard, January 2013
Related Projects
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Harvard, January 2013
Annotorious
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• Light-weight image annotation library; no big client/server framework
• Adds annotation features to existing Web pages<html>
<head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/annotorious.css" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="annotorious.min.js"></script> </head>
<body> <img src="example.jpg" class="annotatable" /> </body>
</html>
Harvard, January 2013
Annotorious
36
• Plugin-Framework
• Different storage backends and GUI components (Tags, Replies)
• Additional selectors
• Interoperable with OKFN Annotator
https://github.com/annotorious/annotorious
Harvard, January 2013
Lucene-SKOS
• Plugin for Apache Lucene / Solr
• Works with SKOS-based knowledge contexts
• Uses semantic tags (links to SKOS concepts) for query expansion
• query time
• indexing time
37
https://github.com/behas/lucene-SKOS
Harvard, January 2013
References
• Haslhofer et al. (2007): The LEMO annotation framework: weaving annotations with the Web (IJDL)
• Haslhofer et al. (2010): Augmenting Europeana Content with Linked Data Resources (I-Semantics)
• Simon et al. (2011): Semantically augmented annotations in digitized map collections (JCDL)
• Haslhofer et al. (2012): Open Annotations on Multimedia Web Resources (MTAP)
• Haslhofer et al. (2013): Old Maps and Open Data Networks (iConference Demo / Poster)
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Harvard, January 2013
Further Information
39
http://maphub.github.com
Thank you!
Harvard, January 2013
Acknowledgements (Maphub)
• Rainer Simon
• Werner Robitza
• Keith Newman
• Amanda Stefanik
• Carl Lagoze
• Francois Guimbretiere
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