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On the Role of Cross-Disciplinary Research and SSE in Addressing the Challenges of the
Digitalization of Society
Rakesh RanaComputer Science and EngineeringChalmers | University of Gothenburg
Embedded Software
Image source: http://itsallaboutembedded.blogspot.com/2013/03/what-makes-embedded-system-called-as.html
This Car Runs on Code“It takes dozens of mircroprocessors running 100 million lines of code to get a premium car out of the driveway, and this software is only going to get more complex” -ieee spectrum
Ref: http://spectrum.ieee.org/green-tech/advanced-cars/this-car-runs-on-code
Size of software in devices is growing
Software powering our devices is also getting more complex
Embedded Software
Image source: http://itsallaboutembedded.blogspot.com/2013/03/what-makes-embedded-system-called-as.html
Low Time to Market
Introduction
• Digitalization of society has increased its pace during the last decade.
• Introduction of modern technologies (e.g.~smartphones) the amount and types of information has increased bringing in new opportunities and new challenges.
• In this paper we review the main opportunities and challenges stemming from the heavy use of digital technologies in society.
• We outline the needs for applying SSE principles and cross-disciplinary research for adequately addressing the challenges of digitalized society.
• Our position is that without taking a social view for system development and cross-disciplinary research we can only address partial problems related to the digitalization, and
• That by integrating domain-specific disciplines (e.g.~financing) with the technology related ones (e.g.~software engineering) - we could develop holistic solutions for the challenges identified in this paper.
Challenges of Digital Society
technological,
legislative,
organizational, and
ethical.
Challenges of Digital Society – some e.g.’s
Problems with big data analytics: Major challenges highlighted include security, cyber crime, possibility of cyber wars, mis-belief on ability of big data effectiveness, and privacy.
Problems with artificial and super-intelligence: With exponential rise of computing power and predictions of reaching ``singularity'' within foreseeable future -- problems of over-fitting leading to incorrect knowledge or predictions can lead to serious consequences. Also deep concerns are raised for scenarios when such artificial and super-intelligence is infected with viruses or hijacked by people/group striving for power.
Problems with manipulative (``persuasive'') technologies: Society wide experimentation with manipulative technologies can undermine the principle of ``wisdom of crowds'' further undermining the basis of democracy and financial markets. Further issues such as ``filter bubble'', behaviour manipulation leading to collapse of diversity can be the undesirable outcomes of widespread use of persuasive technologies.
Challenges of Digital Society – some e.g.’s
Increasing collection of personal and user generated data has already raised concerns of privacy and security
An increasing use of robotics, artificial intelligence, and thus, autonomous systems is likely to bring disruptive changes to the labour market
An increasing use of robots and sensors, an increasing collection and use of data to provide services, will need new systems of rules and regulations both at work places, in traffic, health services, education, homes, and on the consumer market.
Addressing the Challenges of Digital Society
Cross-Disciplinary Research, To meet the challenges of digitalization we need innovations,
legislation, and strategies to support us in building an inclusive digital society,
cross-disciplinary research would be to combine these disciplines to support the development of an inclusive digital society, and
prevent the devastating consequences by conducting research and education projects in collaboration between individuals, businesses, researchers, and non-governmental organizations,
CDR aimed at understanding and addressing challenges of digital society would contribute with innovative, reflective and actionable input to societal challenges
Addressing the Challenges of Digital Society
Social Software Engineering, SSE is “the application of processes, methods, and tools to enable
community-driven creation, management, deployment, and use of software in online environments”
Software/systems build with emphasis on the social side.
Some of the examples scenarios are: Community-centered, Collaboration/collectiveness, Companionship/relationship, Human/social activities, and Social inclusion.
An example of themes and application for cross-disciplinary research supporting digital transformation of society
The role of cross-disciplinary research and SSE
Finance and consumer behaviour: Indebtedness and a large repayment burden coupled with low savings rates constitute a
source of potential future insolvency, Utilizing cross-disciplinary research and applying principles of SSE will provide the
possibility to collect data through crowd-sourcing, virtual communities, social networking services, and web-based economic experiments and surveys.
Analytical applications designed to support interactive data visualization will be useful for identifying new patterns in consumer behaviour and support decision making,
Smart and safe mobility: Future metropolitan mobility solutions will include smart vehicles at different scales to
support the daily living of metropolitans. How shall such systems for transportation be organized? Who shall own and run them?
How can digital information infrastructure and associated services contribute to sustainable expansion of passenger and freight transport?
The tool-set from SSE and more emphasis on cross-disciplinary work such as human-machine interface will promote generation of knowledge on how to capture, aggregate, process, and predict the data that is required to realize mobility and transportation solutions that are smart and safe
The role of cross-disciplinary research and SSE
Personalized and remote healthcare: The spread of health-apps and others that are collecting activity data in wide variety of
settings such as the home, workplace, sidewalk, jogging trail etc. Another example is person-centered medical information is no longer bound to or
developed in medical institutions, but have expanded into society at large. SSE principles can help us to use such data for expansion of public utility (e.g. health)
rather than use of such technologies and data for profit maximization,
Innovation and entrepreneurship: Digital innovation and entrepreneurship are fundamental drivers in the digital society
generating a multitude of technologies and services that we use extensively. Generative capacity is a vital component in processes of open innovation, and it is
generativety rather than openness in it self that seem to drive innovation. In addition, cross-disciplinary research will assist us in addressing the important question
i.e. how we affect technology and how technology affects us.
Impacts: CDR & SSE - Challenges of Digital Society
Scientific Impacts strengthen our knowledge and understanding of complex systems
enhance our ability to deal with complex societal problems
Impacts on Education greater collaboration across international researchers
new awareness and knowledge created (+programmes)
Impacts on Society a sustainable financial system,
safe mobility solutions,
more efficient health care, and
better commercialization of new ideas.
Conclusions
The human society in a short span of time has seen many transformations and currently we are experiencing the transformation towards a more digitalized society.
We communicate and collaborate in new ways, purchase and transfer our goods with a support of advanced IT solutions. However, there are still challenges which need to be addressed.
This integration can be done in multiple ways, and our position is that we should strive to integrate different disciplines both in research, education, application and policy-making.
In this paper we have outlined a research agenda for a cross-disciplinary research in software engineering, financing, transportation and healthcare.
In our further work we intend to identify concrete research proposals to address the challenges.
