Open 101: An Introduction to Open and Online Education

Open101An Introduction to Open and Online Education

Robert SchuwerOpen Universiteit (Netherlands)

Agenda

• What are OER?

• Why OER?

• What is a MOOC?

• What is open education?

• Business models for OER

• Open policies

• Challenges for introducing OER

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What are OER?

CC-BY Hester Jelgerhuis

Open Educational Resources

• Digital, freely available learning materials• User has five rights

– Reuse “as is”– Rework– Remix– Redistribute– Retain

• Certain conditions

4www.flickr.com/photos/joeshlabotnik/2259639880/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/joeshlabotnik/2259639880/

Conditions: open licenseCreative Commons

• Four building blocks

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Attribution

NonCommercial

ShareAlike

NoDeriv

Six possible licenses

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Attribution CC BY

Attribution – ShareAlike CC BY-SA

Attribution – NonCommercial CC BY-NC

Attribution – NoDerivs CC BY-ND

Attribution – NonCommercial – ShareAlike

CC BY-NC-SA

Attribution – NonCommercial – NoDerivs

CC BY-NC-ND

History

• 2001: MIT

• 2002: UNESCO

• 2005: Open Courseware Consortium

• 2006: OU-UK & OUNL

7https://www.flickr.com/photos/alex-photos/

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Source: Abel Caine, UNESCO

http://dp.la/

https://p2pu.org/en/

http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm

https://www.boundless.com/

http://www.oerafrica.org/

https://www.khanacademy.org/

More examples

• Institution-based– University of Cape Town

(http://opencontent.uct.ac.za/)– African Virtual University (http://oer.avu.org/)

• Community-based– MERLOT (http://www.merlot.org/merlot/index.htm)– Curriki (http://www.curriki.org/)– OERCommons (https://www.oercommons.org/)

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Why OER?

Benefits of OER

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http://www.slideshare.net/mpaskevi/benefits-and-challenges-of-oer-for-higher-education-institutions (Cheryl Hodgkinson-Williams)

Benefits of OER (2)

• Personalized learning

• Fosters innovation

• Teaching = sharing

• Moral argument: learning materials payed by taxpayers’ money should be available for free

12https://www.flickr.com/photos/sarahreido/

Why not OER?

• Challenges for implementing an OER/based curriculum (later)

• More work!

13https://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/85:


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What is a MOOC?

MOOC

• Massive: many participants (> Dunbars number)

• Open: free available

• Online: via the internet

• Course: unit of offer (5-10 weeks througput time)

• Complete learning experience

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Skip example

Pagina 17

An example

Pagina 18

Video lectures

Pagina 19

At times a short quiz

Pagina 20

Immediate feedback

Pagina 21

Weekly problem sets…

Pagina 22

…with feedback and a grade

Pagina 23

Forums for learners

Pagina 24

Exam with immediate feedback

Pagina 25

Eventually a certificate

MOOC providers (Sep 2014)

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http://a.tiles.mapbox.com/v3/uvanianaidoo1.map-b815u9pe/page.html#2/12.4/-42.2

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The big three

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Commercial – Platform – Universities create content

Commercial – Platform – Udacity creates content

Not-for-profit – Universities cooperate

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Other providers

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Open platform – Everyone can deliver content

(Not-for-)profit – Universities cooperate

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• Open, non-profit partnership on MOOCs

• European initiative

• 11 partners

• Portal, no platform

• Quality label

• http://www.openuped.eu/

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Offering Feedback Certificate Pacing Didactics

EdX(Consort.)

Courses Instructor/automated

Achievement Paced Instructor led

Udacity(Company)

Courses Instructor/automated

Achievement/Participation

Paced Instructor led

Coursera(Company/

Consort.)

Courses Instructor/Automated/Peer

Achievement/Participation

Paced Instructor led

Ted Ed Lectures - - Self-directed Instructor led

Khan Academy

Lectures - Badges Self-directed Instructor led

cMOOC Courses Peer None/Achievement/Badges

Paced Connec-tivism

OpenUpEd Courses Peer None/Achievement/Recognition

Self-directed/Paced

Self study

Saylor.org Programs - - Self-directed Instructor led

OERu Programs - Diploma Self-directed May vary p. course

Overviews

• Class-Central https://www.class-central.com/

• MOOCtivity http://www.mooctivity.com/

• Coursetalk http://www.coursetalk.com/

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What is Open Education?

Model of Open Education

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OpenEducation

Learning resources

Teaching effortServices

Learner Environment

Supply

Demand

http://www.surf.nl/binaries/content/assets/surf/en/knowledgebase/2013/Trend+Report+OER+2013_EN_DEF+07032013+%28LR%29.pdf, page 36

Types of open

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OpenEducation

Learning resources

Teaching effortsServices

•Gratis beschikbaar•Open in 5R zin:

•Reuse•Revise•Remix•Redistribute•Retain

•Open in plaats•Open in tijd•Open in tempo•Open in programma•Open toegang (geen ingangseisen)

Niet per se gratis!

Openness of OER

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Learning resources





OER

Openness of a MOOC

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Learning resources





MOOC

•Forum•Feedback•Exam•Certificate

•Teacher•Teaching assistant

MOOC vs OER: applicability

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MOOC OER

Ready to use Learning objects. Need effort before using

Applicable “As-is” Personalization possible

Useful for learner Useful for teacher

Applicable in specific situations Broad spectrum of application

Paradox for usability:(inspired by David Wiley)

OER

Applicability for reuse

fixed

co

nte

xt

MOOC


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Business models

Funding models• Endowment - base funding (charity)• Membership – Institutions pay fee• Donations – by users• Conversion – to payed services• Contributor-pay• Sponsorship – advertisement• Institutional – variation of sponsorship• Governmental – similar to institutional• Partnerships and exchanges

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http://ijklo.org/Volume3/IJKLOv3p029-044Downes.pdf

Business model: canvas

40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Model_Canvas

Example: OpenU @ OUNL

• 10% of each course is provided as OER. • Customers can remain anonymous, register

free of charge and create a profile, or can be paying customers.

• Each individual or organisation can take out a subscription to products or services.

• Communities are encouraged

• All forms of education are provided free of charge, (e.g. online master classes)

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•Institutions for HE (co-creation)•Organisations (co-creation)•Publishers•Graphic designers•Printing house•(Online) bookseller•Supplier IT-tooling•Postoffices•Network providers•Landlords (study centres)

•Experts in the communities

•Exploitation of education•Development of education•Research intertwined with education•Marketing•Starting and moderating communities•Create and manage OER•Manage OpenU infrastructure and services

•Developers•Teachers, TA’s•Researchers•Educational technologists•Support employees•Members OpenU•Experts Communities•Study centre•ICT and multi mediatools

•OER + provisions (without registration)•OER + extra provisions (with registration)•OpenU subscriptions•Individual courses•Full programs (BaMa)•Tailored programs•Other services related to education

•Selfservice (extended)•Personal contacts (online + offline)•Communities (online + offline + events)

•Internet•OpenU portal•Study centres•Study packages (paper)•Social media•Personal contact for advicing services

•Individual interested (not registered)•Individual interested (registered)•Individual learner (student)•Individual learner (OpenU subscription)•Organisations (companies, institutions)•Institutions for HE•Government

•Fixed costs: personal, board, support, logistics, ICT- and network infrastructure, housing•Variable costs: (physical) production of learning materials, marketing and information, printing costs, costs of delivery, ICT licenses, management copyrights, OU-organisation and personal (semi flexible), support (semi-flexible)

•Fixed subsidy Ministry of Education•Variable subsidy Ministry of Education•Course incomes (student / organisation)•Payment for additional services•Subscription fee from a learner / organisation•Payment learner / organisation for additional services

Red: additional for OpenU

Funding models for MOOC

• Payment for extra services– Certificate, proctored exam

• Series of courses (program)

• Offering courses specific for institutions

• Selling student data (e.g. to head hunter)

43https://www.flickr.com/photos/fsecart/549277847/sizes/o/

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Challenges for introducing OER


Potential hurdles

• Findability of OER

• Quality of OER– Context specific

• Open licenses

• Business models

• Human factors

45http://www.flickr.com/photos/gowestphoto/3955671300/sizes/o/

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[email protected]

@fagottissimo

bassoonvenlo

http://nl.linkedin.com/in/robertschuwer

robertschuwer.nl

+31 - 6 1446 9300