Open Education Movement When Digital Technologies Meet Free
Culture
Alek Tarkowski
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Attribution 2.5 Poland
license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/pl/)Some rights
reserved by Alek Tarkowski.
Slides on CC licenses borrowed from Jon Phillips
(http://www.slideshare.net/rejon)
education is more than content
Alek Tarkowski
Open Education Movement3 anecdotes / McLuhan, hackers,
laptops
The Past / free software, free culture
The Present / open access, open educational resources, open data
(in Poland)
The Future
When the printed book first appeared, it threatened the oral
procedures of teaching and created the classroom as we now know it.
[...] Today these new media threaten, instead merely reinforce, the
procedures of this traditional classroom.
HackersJust for fun
TechnologyCopying + connecting
Free software Not just programming tools and code
Copyright licenses : GNU General Public License
4 freedoms: run the program, study how the program works,
redistribute copies, improve the program
Free softwareRules and cooperation mechanisms, Non-market
incentives
Specificity of digital production: public good, marginal copying
and distribution costs
Free softwareSteven Weber: success of open source - as a
model
open source is not necessarily good or morally beneficial
but we tend to underestimate value of openness (James Boyle)
Free software 25 years old
A sustainable ecology of actors and institutions, with
established methods of work
Free culture Inspired by free software applied to cultural works
and knowledge
At its core, a legal project to regain a lost balance
About 10 years old
Some rights reserved
Free culture From intellectual property to intellectual
generosity
Free licenses for every type of creativity
Creative Commons licensesfree
standard
varied
human/lawyer/machine readable
Internationally compatible
Creative Commons Some rights reserved in particular, as little
as possible rights reserved
Millions of works, millions of people?
Marginal but at the frontier of change
The inheritanceCommons based peer production (Yochai
Benkler)
(free) common good + new models of production and
distribution
Linux system / Wikipedia
The inheritanceLegal models
With lack of technological barriers, intellectual property
matters and related mindsets are the key obstacle.
The present: open educationOpen everything?
In a knowledge based, media-centric society, does Open education
= the Web?
The present: open educationWhy not?
Is Wikipedia an educational resource?
The present: open educationSearchability?
Aggregation?
Quality assurance?
Legal matters?
Teaching / learning process and environment?
Open AccessBudapest Initiative (2001): An old tradition and a
new technology have converged to make possible an unprecedented
public good. [] The public good they make possible is the
world-wide electronic distribution of the peer-reviewed journal
literature and completely free and unrestricted access to it by all
scientists, scholars, teachers, students, and other curious
minds.
Open AccessSelf-archiving (Green Route)
Journals (Gold Route)
Open Access10-15% of 2.5m peer-reviewed articles per year
Green: 93% of 25 000 peer-review journals allow
self-archiving
Gold: Several thousand journals
OA mandates / strategies / recommendations National Institute of
Health
Harvard, Stanford
OECD, European Research Council, EUA, EC experts
OA mandates / strategies / recommendations Governments would
boost innovation and get a better return on their investment in
publicly funded research by making research findings more widely
available . and by doing so they would maximise social returns on
public investments.OECD Report on Scientific Publishing, 2005
Open Educational Resources OECD: digitised materials offered
freely and openly for educators, students and self-learners to use
and reuse for teaching, learning and research
Open Educational Resourcesopen educational resources refers to
accumulated digital assets that can be adjusted and which provide
benefits without restricting the possibilities for others to enjoy
them.
Open Educational ResourcesCape Town Open Education
Declaration
Open Educational Resources[...] a world where each and every
person on earth can access and contribute to the sum of all human
knowledge. [] a new pedagogy where educators and learners create,
shape and evolve knowledge together
Open Educational Resources3 strategies to increase the reach and
impact of OER: participate / release resources / adopt policies
OpenCourseWare* From MIT.com to enhancement of human learning
worldwide* 2007: 3000+ courses, 200+ institutions * Educational
revolution as side-effect of traditional education
Free Textbooks* textbooks written by teachers believing in the
free cultural model* born digital, born free
Prof. Stanisaw Czachorowski* Wikipedia as higher education
resource* active peer production of knowledge
Open Educational Resources* potentially everywhere...* but:
License + File Format + Granularity + Searchability + Efficiency
(OECD)
Open Data* Neurocommons: open Semantic Web for neurological
research, based on publicly available data* massive amount of data
+ rapidly changing research frontier + distributed knowledge and
expertise
Science 2.0* open notebook science* open, peer-reviewed
evaluation* transformation of scientific communication from
publication to interaction
Open education* commons based peer production or creative
destruction of educational institutions?
Open education in Poland* Open Access almost non-existent* OER
movement has a strong start* Strong support from the librarian
community (example: AGH University of Science and Technology)
Open education in Poland* Strategy for the Growth of Information
Society* Report on Intellectual Capital of Poland* Little apparent
interest from academic institutions
Open education in Poland* Government projects: educational
revolution through hardware saturation?
Open education in Poland* Barriers: Fear of plagiarism /
Intellectual Property Protection + lack of legal knowledge / Rigid
Pedagogical Structure / Low quality of scientific output
Open education in Poland* Mirek Filiciak: we need less pirates,
more hackers
The future
The futureWhat can I do?* Keep an open mind* Edit Wikipedia*
Self-archive articles* Make educational resources* [Ride bikes]
Thank [email protected]
