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OpenExpansion:TheIntersec3onofOpenAccess,
OpenDataandOER
Heather Joseph Executive Director, SPARC
ACRL 2015 Annual Conference Portland, OR
March 27, 2015
Ataleofthree“open”movements.
Changeisafoot.
Source:hDp://www.openmaDers.com/2014/01/new-world-of-digital/
TheInternet.
NewChannelstoShareWork.
Newenvironmentforresearch,teachingandlearning.
Digitalenvironmentmeanschange.
AndLOTSofit.
Accesstomore,opportuni3estodomore.
Theore3cally.
Opportuni3estoleveragelowercostdistribu3onmechanisms.
Theore3cally.
DespitethepromiseoftheInternet,thematerialswemostneedthefreedomtoworkwithremainlargelyunderrestric3veaccess,pricingandreusepolicies.
Wehave20thcenturypoliciesgoverning21stcenturyinforma3on.
“Open”canprovideasolu3ontoaproblem,aswellasbeusedasalevertocreatenewopportuni3es.
Ok.Asolu3ontowhatkindofproblems?
Let’sconsidercosts.
Costsfor1-yrJournalSubscrip3ons
www.righDoresearch.org
Source: http://web.archive.org/web/20050828210650/libraries.mit.edu/about/scholarly/expensive-titles.html
AverageTextbookPrices
Source: http://www.studentpirgs.org/sites/student/files/reports/A-Cover-to-Cover-Solution_4pdf
$1,207.Averagebudgetforstudentbooksandsuppliesforthe2013-2014
academicyear.
Source http/:trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/average-estimaed-undergraduate-budgets-2013-2014
Librarybudgets&journalprices
-50%
0%
50%
100%
150%
200%
250%
300%
350%
400%
1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Per
cent
age
Cha
nge
Year
MIT Libraries Materials Purchases vs. CPI % Increase 1986-2006
Consumer Price Index % + Serial Expenditures % + # Serials Purchased % +
# Books Purchased % + Book Expenditures % +
Journalexpenditure
Infla3on
TextbookpricesandtheCPI
Source: www.goa.gov/products/GAO-13-368
“TheannualrevenuesgeneratedbySTMjournal
publishingwerees3matedatUS$9.4billionin2011…”
Source:TheSTMReport,h6p://www.stm-assoc.org/2012_12_11_STM_Report_2012.pdf
“Duringsame3meperiod,annualrevenuesfortextbookpublisherswerees3matedat
US$8.8billion…”
Source: http://www.slideshare.net/txtbks/keynote-nercomp?related=1
Andweknowwherethatmoneycomesfrom…
Libraries.Students&theirfamilies.
Howcan“open”addressproblemofcost?
CurrentMarket:Intermediariesbluntprice
sensi3vity.
Nowlookatthatslideagain,justsubs3tute“Libraries”and
“Researchers”forstudentsandprofessors…
Déjàvu…
Crea3ngnewmodelsbasedon“open”removesintermediaries,and3espaymentsdirectlytoservice/goodbeingpurchased.
Whataboutopportuni3es?
Let’sconsidervalue.
OA,OpenDataandOERmovementsallemphasizetheneed
toenableunobstructeddigitalreuseofthesematerials,tofully
exploitthepower-andthevalue-oftheinforma3ontheycontain.
OpenAccess=ImmediateAccess+FullReuse
TextMiningDownloading
BulkDownloadingDataMining
Seman3cSearchingComputa3onalAnalysis
MachineReading
Becausethesematerialsaredigital,attheircore,theyaredata…
and:
"Dataisavaluablena3onalassetthatshouldbeavailabletothe
public.”
PresidentObama,May13,2013Execu9veOrder
Wehaveauniqueopportunitytoexploreinnova3vewaystoaccessandusethisvastnewwealthofdigitalinfoandcreatenewvalue.
Goodforteaching,researchandlearning,yes,butalso…
…goodformaking.
Similargoals,values,strategiesandtac3csemergingacrossallthree“open”movementsaligning
aroundeffortsto:
1.Createinfrastructure.
2.CreateLegalFramework.
3.CreateSustainableBusinessModels.
4.CreatePolicyFramework
5.CreateCollabora3ons
Notallperfectharmony.
1.Conflic3ngbusinessmodels
2.Privacy/Security
3.Value
Challengesarebig,buttheOpportuni3esarebigger.
Wecanuse“open”tohelpus
thinkbigger.
Howcan“open”helpussolvebigproblems?
Understandingtheimplica3onsthatalargervisionof“open”asthedefaultmodeforresearch,teachingandlearningmaterials
canhaveiscrucial.
