Open Sea

Chez Nicole DullanoAlexandria Rabanes

The world ocean covers over 360 million km2 of the earth’s surface and consists of one continuous, interconnected mass of water.

This water is spread among three major ocean basins:

Pacific

Atlantic

Indian

Distinguishing Characteristics:

Salinity

Waves

Tides

Depth

Vastness

BenthicHabitats on the

bottom of the ocean, and other aquatic

organisms.

Pelagic

These are those found

on the bottom,

regardless of the depth.

•Littoral or intertidal zone

The oceans can be divided into several

vertical and horizontal zones.

Structure

•Neritic zone

•Oceanic zone

The ocean is generally divided

vertically into several depth zones

Epipelagic Zone

Bathypelagic Zone

Mesopelagic Zone

Hadal Zone

It is the layer from

4,000 to 6,000 m.

Abyssal Zone

This is where

the deepest parts of

the ocean

belongs.

Abiotic Factors

• Temperature• Light• Pressure• Oxygen• Salinity• Water movement• Visibility

Biotic Factors

Phytoplanktons

Zooplanktons

Nanoplanktons

Nekton

Benthic organisms

Human Impact

Oil spills

Chronic pollution

Human occupancy and recreational use of the shores

Over fishing

Dumping grounds