Credit: http://www.organicfood-benefits.com
Organic Farming
Joanna & Matthew Steven February 2009
Organic Farming
Smart
Self-Sufficient
Sustainable
Higher Food Quality
Ethically Justified
Mainstream
Growth Industry
http://www.fao.org/
Background
Original Farms
Modern Farming
Protests
1970s Organics
Contemporary Growth
Slow to Spread to developing nations
The figure of 600 million should read 6 billion
Developing Nations
Current chemical dependencies fertilizers and pesticides
Unethical exploitation by corporations
Mis-educated to rely too much on artificial crop stimulants
Organic yields can be in parity with industrial style farming
(Badgely)
Composting of organic waste can replace fertilizer
Inter-cropping and rotations can preserve soil quality
Getting Off Chemicals
Nitrogen easily replaced by proper crop rotation,
Crop rotation also prevents disease and insect infestations
Manure can provide P205, K20, Ca, and Mg, necessary crop
nutrients as well as organic matter
http://www.newforestsproject.org
Progress So Far
Land used for organic agriculture varies widely by continent
Organic production limited mainly to developed world
Organic farming can replace conventional but equity of supply
must be improved
Competitive Yields?
Model estimates indicate that organic methods could produce
enough food on a global per capita basis to sustain the current
human population, and potentially an even larger population,
without increasing the agricultural land base.
These results indicate that organic agriculture has the
potential to contribute quite substantially to the global food
supply, while reducing the detrimental environmental impacts of
conventional agriculture. (Badgley, C.)
http://elizabethredmond.greenoptions.com/category/food-production/
But Is It Realistic?
India:
- The organic area in India is 2.5 million hectare including
certified forest areas. Non-certified organic area is more than
certified organic area. India has developed National Standard under
NPOP programme. The National Centre of Organic Farming under
Ministry of Agriculture is promoting organic farming as facilitator
across the country and providing various assistance to organic
entrepreneurs and farmers. (Bhattacharyva, P. & Chakraborty,
National Centre of Organic Farming Ghaziabad)
Organic Farming in India
India, which has about 13,000 hectares under organic production,
is eyeing a bigger share of the global market in such products.
"India is planning to set up 50 model organic farms to act as
live demonstration centres on organic farming," Agriculture
Minister Ajit Singh said here Thursday inaugurating the
International Conference on Organic
Products.(http://www.siliconindia.com/shownews/India_plans_50_model_organic_farms___-nid-17750.html)
But Is It Realistic?
Africa:
- The research conducted by the UN Environment Programme
suggests that organic, small-scale farming can deliver the
increased yields which were thought to be the preserve of
industrial farming, without the environmental and social damage
which that form of agriculture brings with it.
An analysis of 114 projects in 24 African countries found that
yields had more than doubled where organic, or near-organic
practices had been used. That increase in yield jumped to 128 per
cent in east Africa. (Daniel Howden, 2008)
Organic Farming in Africa
Kenyan farmer: 'I wanted to see how UK did it'
Henry Murage (...) spent five months in the UK, studying with
the experts at Garden Organic a charity in the Midlands. "I wanted
to see how it was being done in the UK and was convinced we could
do some of the same things here," he says.
On his return 10 years ago, he set up the Mt Kenya Organic Farm,
aimed at aiding other small farmers fighting the semi-arid
conditions. He believes organic soil management can help retain
moisture and protect against crop failure. The true test came
during the devastating drought of 2000-02, when Mr Murage's
vegetable gardens fared better than his neighbours'. "Organic can
feed the people in rural areas," he says. "It's sustainable and
what we produce now we can go on producing."
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/organic-farming-could-feed-africa-968641.html
Additional Sources
The current status of organic farming in the world - focus on
developing countries. Willer, H. & Yussefi, M., Research
Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL.
http://www.orgprints.org/9873/
Organic agriculture and the global food supply. Badgley, C.,
Moghtader, J., Quintero, E., Zakem, E., Chappell, J., Avils-Vzquez,
K., Samulon, A. & Ivette Perfecto. Renewable Agriculture and
Food Systems: 22(2); 86108.
http://www.eko.org.ee/gmo/images/stories/badgely_et_al_07.pdf
Organic farming vis--vis modern agriculture. Rajendra
Prasadhttp://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/jul252005/252.pdf
Organic Farming: An International History. Lockeretz, William et
al. 2007. CABI Publishing
http://books.google.com/books?id=25QnL3-njZQC&pg=PA264&lpg=PA264&source=bl&ots=EJ3vvw-Nk5&sig=pg_e5Q2P9PRC1-iuXGsweksMdYA&hl=en&ei=q2KlSd29DYSGnge8vPmrBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result
Houston Garden Center
http://www.maasnursery.com/organictechniques.htm
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