1

ORGANIZATIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR BEHAVIOUR

(OCB)(OCB)

Presented By:Sharath G ( MBA)

Contents History of OCB

What is OCB? Definition.

Levels of OCB

Independent variables

Conclusion

Video on OCB2

History of OCB Dennis Organ is generally considered

the father of OCB.

Dennis Organ expanded upon Katz's (1964) original work on OCB.

Dennis Organ’s (1988) definition of OCB has generated a great deal of criticism

3

What is OCB?? “Organizational citizenship behavior

(OCB), is defined… as behavior that

(a) goes beyond the basic requirements of the job,

(b) is to a large extent discretionary, and

(c) is of benefit to the organization”

4

ORGANIZATIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR (OCB)(OCB) Work behaviour can be seen in terms of in-role

and extra-role behaviour.

Willingness to engage in extra-role behaviour is indicative of high OCB

OCB is willingness to go the extra mile

OCB is product of high level of motivation and commitment

5

(Cont..)

High OCB related to high performance level and less need for hierarchical control.

Individuals become self driven

Also reflective of willingness to be resourceful beyond immediate role requirement.

6

Organizational Citizenship Discretionary behavior

Not part of an employee's formal job requirements

Promotes the effective functioning of the organization

7

Five Common Types of Organizational Citizenship Behavior Altruism

Courtesy Sportsmanship Conscientiousness Civic Virtue

8

Altruism Altruism is defined as the desire to help or otherwise

assist another individual, while not expecting a reward in compensation for that assistance.

EX: A common example would be employee who drives

his colleague to work when his car has broken down, while not expecting money or favors in compensation.

Someone exhibiting altruistic behavior in a group setting might volunteer to work on certain special projects, voluntarily helping or assisting other employees with their work or with other tasks, and volunteering to do additional work in order to help other employees reduce their own work load. 

9

Courtesy Courtesy is defined as behavior which is polite and

considerate towards other people.

In a business context, courtesy is usually exhibited through behaviors such as inquiring about personal subjects that a coworker has previously brought up, asking if a coworker is having any trouble with a certain work related project, and informing coworkers about prior commitments or any other problems that might cause them to reduce their workload or be absent from work. 

10

Sportsmanship Sportsmanship is defined as exhibiting no negative

behavior when something does not go as planned--or when something is being perceived as annoying, difficult, frustrating or otherwise negative.

For example: Imagine an employee who submits their proposal to their superior may be expecting it to be well-received and accepted—it is rejected, instead, and the employee displays good sportsmanship by not complaining about the situation to other coworkers or individuals who may report their behavior to others working for the business. 

11

Conscientiousness Conscientiousness is defined as behavior that

suggests a reasonable level of self-control and discipline, which extends beyond the minimum requirements expected in that situation.

In the context of a business setting, conscientiousness is observed when an employee not only meets their employer’s requirements—such as coming into work on time and completing assignments on time—but exceeds them.

12

Civic Virtue Civic virtue is defined as behavior which exhibits how

well a person represents an organization with which they are associated, and how well that person supports their organization outside of an official capacity.

Example, how well someone represents their business and how they may support that business are all examples of someone's civic virtue.

Examples of civic virtue in a business setting include

speaking positively about the business to friends, family;

signing up for business events, such as charity walking events.

13

14

Examples of Organizational Citizenship Helping others on one's work team

Volunteering for extra job activities

Avoiding unnecessary conflicts

Making constructive statements about one's work group and the overall organization

15

Independent variablesIndividual variablesAge, gender, personality, emotion, values, attitude, abilityPerception, individual decision making, learning, and motivation

Group variablesNorm, communication, leadership, power, politics

Organization system variablesOrganizational culture, HR practices

16

Conclusion Organizational citizenship behavior has a critical

relation with organizational functioning. But little work recovers the internal mechanism by which organizational citizenship behavior facilitate organizational performance and effectiveness.

We propose that organizational citizenship behavior, especially, the social participation, advocacy participation, functional participation and focus on tasks contribute to internal learning, explorative learning, emergent learning, and exploitation learning between individual, and consequently enhance organizational functioning and performance.

17

Thank you!

18