Upload
franklin-college-grimsby
View
676
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Citation preview
OrthopaedicsOrthopaedics
Correcting problems with the Correcting problems with the Musculoskeletal systemMusculoskeletal system
Today’s objectives: (What I need to Today’s objectives: (What I need to know)know)
To define OrthopaedicsTo define Orthopaedics
To list some common musculoskeletal To list some common musculoskeletal disorders and injuries and explain their disorders and injuries and explain their causescauses
To describe appropriate treatments for To describe appropriate treatments for these injuries and disordersthese injuries and disorders
OrthopaedicsOrthopaedics
Orthopaedics deals Orthopaedics deals with all disorders with all disorders and injuries and injuries (trauma) of the (trauma) of the musculoskeletal musculoskeletal systemsystemOrthopaedics Orthopaedics involves the involves the diagnosis and diagnosis and treatment of these treatment of these injuries and injuries and disordersdisorders
There are many things that can go There are many things that can go wrong with the muscles and skeletonwrong with the muscles and skeleton
FracturesFractures
Joint wear/ damage Joint wear/ damage (osteoarthritis)(osteoarthritis)
Bone wasting (osteoporosis)Bone wasting (osteoporosis)
DeformityDeformity
Tendon TearsTendon Tears
Ligament tearsLigament tears
Inflammation of muscles, Inflammation of muscles, cartilage, tendons and cartilage, tendons and ligamentsligaments
Why do these problems arise?Why do these problems arise?
Born that way Born that way (congenital)(congenital)
Sports injury.Sports injury.
Inappropriate postureInappropriate posture
Inappropriate exerciseInappropriate exercise
Old ageOld age
Damaging workplaceDamaging workplace
Traffic or other Traffic or other accidentaccident
FracturesFractures
The way bone breaks varies The way bone breaks varies with age:with age:
The very young tend not to The very young tend not to fracture or sustain fracture or sustain greenstick fracturesgreenstick fracturesAdults and teenagers Adults and teenagers fracture more fracture more easily easily complete or partial complete or partial fracturesfracturesThe Elderley fracture very The Elderley fracture very easily due to reduced bone easily due to reduced bone density. Because of the density. Because of the brittleness the fractures are brittleness the fractures are often often impacted fracturesimpacted fractures
Fractures – Fractures – simple and compoundsimple and compound
Simple describes Simple describes those which don’t those which don’t break through break through muscles and skinmuscles and skinCompound fractures Compound fractures break through break through muscles and skinmuscles and skinThe latter are The latter are associated with care associated with care accidents or great accidents or great falls.falls.
Comminuted fracturesComminuted fractures
This is when bones This is when bones break into three or break into three or more piecesmore piecesOften these are Often these are difficult to deal withdifficult to deal withThey can damage or They can damage or threaten to damage threaten to damage soft tissuessoft tissuesHow would you deal How would you deal with a shattered with a shattered femur?femur?
A vulnerable area – spinal fractureA vulnerable area – spinal fracture
Fractures such as whiplash Fractures such as whiplash fracture are incredibly fracture are incredibly dangerousdangerous
The most dangerous area is The most dangerous area is in the cervical regionin the cervical region
Why is this?Why is this?
If the spinal cord is severed If the spinal cord is severed the patient will be paralysed the patient will be paralysed from that pint downfrom that pint down
This is why neck braces are This is why neck braces are always used if in doubt.always used if in doubt.
ArthroscopyArthroscopyDeveloped by Developed by
Dr. Watanabe of JapanDr. Watanabe of Japan
It is performed before keyhole It is performed before keyhole surgerysurgery
The joint is punctured and The joint is punctured and flooded with sterile fluid at flooded with sterile fluid at
high pressure high pressure
After the assessment…After the assessment…
Once the surgeon has assessed what the Once the surgeon has assessed what the problem is surgery can begin.problem is surgery can begin.
This often happens straight awayThis often happens straight away
Small tools are used to perform the Small tools are used to perform the surgery (e.g. removing loose cartilage)surgery (e.g. removing loose cartilage)
Keyhole surgeryKeyhole surgery
The benefits of keyhole The benefits of keyhole surgery are:surgery are:
The whole area doesn’t The whole area doesn’t have to be opened have to be opened (infection minimized(infection minimized
Fewer tissues are damagedFewer tissues are damaged
So… fewer tissues have to So… fewer tissues have to healheal
The patient recovers more The patient recovers more quicklyquickly
Joint ReplacementJoint Replacement
Sometimes a joint is so Sometimes a joint is so badly damaged it has to be badly damaged it has to be replacedreplaced Typical this happens in the Typical this happens in the very old or severe car very old or severe car accidentsaccidents Hip replacements are Hip replacements are commoncommonThe femur head is removed The femur head is removed and a titanium alloy head and a titanium alloy head insertedinsertedThe hip socket is hollowed The hip socket is hollowed out and a plastic cup out and a plastic cup insertedinserted
ArthrodesisArthrodesis
Sometimes badly Sometimes badly damaged joints are damaged joints are fusedfused
This happens, This happens, especially if the joint especially if the joint has limited movement has limited movement anywayanyway
Pain is alleviatedPain is alleviated
QuestionsQuestions
Name two possible features of a Name two possible features of a comminuted fracture.comminuted fracture.Why do paramedics often put a stable Why do paramedics often put a stable collar on victims of severe road traffic collar on victims of severe road traffic accidents?accidents?Give two advantages of keyhole surgery Give two advantages of keyhole surgery over conventional surgery.over conventional surgery.What is Arthroscopy? What does it literally What is Arthroscopy? What does it literally mean?mean?