I.T Project

Topic : Operating Systems.Presented By ;Chirag Chandiramani (21)

What is an Operating System?

Operating System is an interface between the user and the computer hardware.

OS is software, consisting of programs and data, that runs on computers, manages computer hardware resources, and provides common services for execution of various application software.

It is the most important type of system software in a computer system. Without an operating system, a user cannot run an application program on their computer, unless the application program is self booting.

Goal of an Operating System.

Execute user programs and make solving

the user problems

easier.

Make the computer system convenient to

use.

Use the

computer

Hardware in

an efficient

manner.

Functions of Operating System

Operating system

Process management

Jobscheduling

Memory management

Filemanagement

Operating System FunctionsMemory ManagementThat is, allocation of main memory and other storage areas to

the system programs as well as user programs and data.

Process Management:That is, assignment of processor to different tasks being

performed by the computer system.

File Management:It is the storage of file of various storage devices to another.

It also allows all files to be easily changed and modified through the use of text editors or some other files manipulation routines.

Types of Operating $ystems

Operating System

GUI

Multi User

Multi TaskingMulti

Processing

Multi Threading

1) GUI :Short for Graphical User Interface, a GUI Operating

System contains graphics and icons and is commonly navigated by using a computer mouse.

Examples : System 7.x Windows 98 Windows CE

2) Multi User :A multi-user operating system allows for multiple users to

use the same computer at the same time and different times. Being able to have multiple accounts on a Windows operating system does not make it a multi-user system. Rather, only the network administrator is the real user. But for a Unix-like operating system, it is possible for two users to login at a time and this capability of the OS makes it a multi-user operating system

Examples : Linux Windows 2000

Unix

3) Multi Tasking :When a single program is allowed to run at a time, the

system is grouped under a single-tasking system, while in case the operating system allows the execution of multiple tasks at one time, it is classified as a multi-tasking operating system.

Examples : Unix Windows 2000

a) Real Time Operating System : A real-time operating system is a multitasking

operating system that aims at executing real-time applications. Real-time operating systems often use specialized scheduling algorithms so that they can achieve a deterministic nature of behavior. The main objective of real-time operating systems is their quick and predictable response to events.

4) Multi Processing :An operating system capable of supporting and

utilizing more than one computer processor.Examples : Linux Unix Windows 2000

5) Multi Threading :Operating systems that allow different parts of a

software program to run concurrently. Examples : Linux Unix Windows 2000

Desktop Operating System : The control program in a user's machine (desktop or laptop).

Also called a "client operating system," Windows is the overwhelming majority while the Macintosh comes second. There are also several versions of Linux for the desktop.

Windows Mac Linux

Examples :

Microsoft Windows OS …

• Microsoft Windows is a series of operating systems produced by Microsoft.

• Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs) Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal computer market, overtaking Mac OS, which had been introduced in 1984. As of October 2009, Windows had approximately 90% of the market share of the client operating systems for usage on the Internet

• The most recent client version of Windows is Windows 7; the most recent server version is Windows Server 2008 R2; the most recent mobile version is Windows Phone 7.

FEATURES OF WINDOWS

Easy to useFamiliarGamingUpdatesSupporting

ExpensiveNot StableUnsecure

Windows Journey :• Windows 1• Windows 2, 2.1x• Windows 3.0, 3.1• Windows 95, 98, Me• Windows NT family• Windows CE• Windows XP• Windows Vista• Windows 7

Latest Version : Windows 7

• Windows 7 is the latest release of Microsoft Windows, a series of operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, net books, tablet PCs, and media center PCs. Windows 7 was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009,and reached general retail availability on October 22, 2009,less than three years after the release of its predecessor, Windows Vista.

• Windows 7 includes a number of new features, such as advances in touch and handwriting recognition, support for virtual hard disks, improved performance on multi-core processors, improved boot performance, Direct Access, and kernel improvements

MAC OS- Apple

• Mac OS is a series of graphical user interface-based operating systems developed by Apple Inc. (formerly Apple Computer, Inc.) for their Macintosh line of computer systems. The Macintosh user experience is credited with popularizing the graphical user interface. The original form of what Apple would later name the "Mac OS" was the integral and unnamed system software first introduced in 1984 with the original Macintosh, usually referred to simply as the System software.

Features of MAC

Not all software's run

No Gaming

Difficult

mouse (one click)

Expensive

Stable

Great GUI

Secure

Better Graphics

Latest Version : Mac OS X Lion

• Mac OS X Lion (version 10.7) is the eighth and current major release of Mac OS X, Apple's desktop and server operating system for Macintosh computers. Lion was released on July 20, 2011, as announced during Apple's third quarter 2011 earnings report.[Apple's promotional webpage's refer to it as OS X Lion, although press releases announcing the system's availability included the "Mac".

• It brings many developments made in Apple's iOS, such as an easily navigable display of installed applications, to the Mac, and includes support for the Mac App Store, as introduced in Mac OS X Snow Leopard version 10.6.6.

LINUX OS• Linux is a computer operating system which is

based on free and open source software. Although many different varieties of Linux exist, all are Unix-like and based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel created in 1992 by Linus Torvalds.

• The popularity of Linux on standard desktop computers and laptops has been increasing over the years. Currently most distributions include a graphical user environment, with the two most popular environments being GNOME and the KDE Plasma Desktop.

Features of Linux

Not all software's run Free

Server OS Server operating systems are designed to provide

platforms for multi-users , for critical, network applications. Their main purpose is to provide security, stability and collaboration. Most of them come with a pack of dedicated software tools such as Web servers, e-mail agents and terminal services The common applications for server OSes are:

File and printer sharing Application services (including databases) Web site services E-mail, groupware and messaging Terminal services Caching

Server Operating

System

Stability

Security

Administration

Performance

Feature

Server os needs

Mobile OS• Operating System that controls a mobile

device.

SymbianOS

I phoneOS

WindowsMobile

OS

PalmOS

LinuxOS

RimBlackberry

BOTTOM LINE .. phew..

As Operating System controls and coordinates the use of the hardware among the various applications programs for various uses, we can say that it plays a very important role in computer system.

 

THANKYOU…